mirror of
https://github.com/systemd/systemd-stable.git
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25f63d4671
Lennart has convinced me that it's more helpful to participate than to sit on the sidelines and complain. So, hello everyone. I'm starting by giving up the battle to change the systemctl "isolate" command to "switch-to". Can't win them all. :) I've got a suggested patch to expand the documentation a bit, hopefully making it more clear to new systemd users. Is there an easy way to list all units where AllowIsolate is enabled? That should be included alongside this, I think.
830 lines
43 KiB
XML
830 lines
43 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
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systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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-->
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<refentry id="systemctl">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>systemctl</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
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<surname>Poettering</surname>
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<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>systemctl</refname>
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<refpurpose>Control the systemd system and session manager</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemctl <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="req">COMMAND</arg> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">NAME</arg></command>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><command>systemctl</command> may be used to
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introspect and control the state of the
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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system and session manager.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>The following options are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--help</option></term>
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<term><option>-h</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Prints a short help
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text and exits.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--type=</option></term>
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<term><option>-t</option></term>
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<listitem><para>When listing units,
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limit display to certain unit
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types. If not specified units of all
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types will be shown. The argument
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should be a unit type name such as
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<option>service</option>,
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<option>socket</option> and
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similar.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--property=</option></term>
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<term><option>-p</option></term>
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<listitem><para>When showing
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unit/job/manager information, limit
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display to certain properties as
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specified as argument. If not
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specified all set properties are
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shown. The argument should be a
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property name, such as
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<literal>MainPID</literal>. If
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specified more than once all
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properties with the specified names
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are shown.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--all</option></term>
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<term><option>-a</option></term>
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<listitem><para>When listing units,
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show all units, regardless of their
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state, including inactive units. When
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showing unit/job/manager information,
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show all properties regardless whether
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they are set or not.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--full</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Do not ellipsize unit
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names and truncate unit descriptions
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in the output of
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<command>list-units</command> and
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<command>list-jobs</command>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--fail</option></term>
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<listitem><para>If the requested
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operation conflicts with a pending
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unfinished job, fail the command. If
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this is not specified the requested
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operation will replace the pending job,
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if necessary.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--quiet</option></term>
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<term><option>-q</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Suppress output to
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STDOUT in
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<command>snapshot</command>,
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<command>check</command>,
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<command>enable</command> and
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<command>disable</command>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-block</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Do not synchronously wait for
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the requested operation to finish. If this is
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not specified the job will be verified,
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enqueued and <command>systemctl</command> will
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wait until it is completed. By passing this
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argument it is only verified and
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enqueued.</para></listitem> </varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--system</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Talk to the systemd
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system manager. (Default)</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--session</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Talk to the systemd
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session manager of the calling user.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--order</option></term>
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<term><option>--require</option></term>
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<listitem><para>When used in
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conjunction with the
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<command>dot</command> command (see
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below), selects which dependencies are
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shown in the dependency graph. If
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<option>--order</option> is passed
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only dependencies of type
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<varname>After=</varname> or
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<varname>Before=</varname> are
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shown. If <option>--require</option>
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is passed only dependencies of type
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<varname>Requires=</varname>,
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<varname>RequiresOverridable=</varname>,
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<varname>Requisite=</varname>,
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<varname>RequisiteOverridable=</varname>,
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<varname>Wants=</varname> and
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<varname>Conflicts=</varname> are
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shown. If neither is passed, shows
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dependencies of all these
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types.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-wall</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Don't send wall
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message before
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halt, power-off, reboot.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--global</option></term>
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<listitem><para>When used with
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<command>enable</command> and
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<command>disable</command>, operate on the
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global session configuŕation
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directory, thus enabling or disabling
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a unit file globally for all future
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sessions of all users.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-reload</option></term>
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<listitem><para>When used with
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<command>enable</command> and
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<command>disable</command>, do not
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implicitly reload daemon configuration
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after executing the
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changes.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--force</option></term>
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<listitem><para>When used with
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<command>enable</command>, override any
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existing conflicting
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symlinks.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--defaults</option></term>
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<listitem><para>When used with
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<command>disable</command>, ensures
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that only the symlinks created by
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<command>enable</command> are removed,
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not all symlinks pointing to the unit
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file that shall be
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disabled.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>The following commands are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>list-units</command></term>
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<listitem><para>List known units.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>start [NAME...]</command></term>
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<listitem><para>Start (activate) one
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or more units specified on the command
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line.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>stop [NAME...]</command></term>
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<listitem><para>Stop (deactivate) one
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or more units specified on the command
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line.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>reload [NAME...]</command></term>
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<listitem><para>Asks all units listed
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on the command line to reload their
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configuration. Note that this will
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reload the service-specific
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configuration, not the unit
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configuration file of systemd. If you
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want systemd to reload the
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configuration file of a unit use the
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<command>daemon-reload</command>
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command. In other words: for the
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example case of Apache, this will
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reload Apache's
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<filename>httpd.conf</filename> in the
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web server, not the
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<filename>apache.service</filename>
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systemd unit file. </para>
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<para>This command should not be
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confused with the
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<command>daemon-reload</command> or
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<command>load</command>
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commands.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>restart [NAME...]</command></term>
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<listitem><para>Restart one or more
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units specified on the command
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line. If the units are not running yet
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they will be
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started.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>try-restart [NAME...]</command></term>
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<listitem><para>Restart one or more
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units specified on the command
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line. If the units are not running yet
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the operation will
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fail.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>reload-or-restart [NAME...]</command></term>
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<term><command>reload-or-try-restart [NAME...]</command></term>
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<listitem><para>Reload one or more
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units if they support it. If not,
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restart them instead. Note that for
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compatibility with SysV and Red Hat
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init scripts
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<command>force-reload</command> and
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<command>condrestart</command> may be
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used as equivalent commands to
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<command>reload-or-try-restart</command>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>isolate [NAME]</command></term>
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<listitem><para>Start the unit
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specified on the command line and its
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dependencies and stop all others.</para>
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<para>This is similar to changing the
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runlevel in a traditional init system. The
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<command>isolate</command> command will
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immediately stop processes that are not
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enabled in the new unit, possibly including
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the graphical environment or terminal you
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are currently using.</para>
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<para>Note that this works only on units
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where <option>AllowIsolate=</option> is
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enabled. See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>is-active [NAME...]</command></term>
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<listitem><para>Check whether any of
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the specified units is active
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(i.e. running). Returns an exit code
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0 if at least one is active, non-zero
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otherwise. Unless
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<option>--quiet</option> is specified
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this will also print the current unit
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state to STDOUT.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>status [NAME...|PID...]</command></term>
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<listitem><para>Show terse runtime
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status information about one or more
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units. This function is intended to
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generate human-readable output. If you
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are looking for computer-parsable
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output, use <command>show</command>
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instead. If a PID is passed
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information about the unit the process
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of the PID belongs to is
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shown.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>show [NAME...|JOB...]</command></term>
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<listitem><para>Show properties of one
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or more units, jobs or the manager
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itself. If no argument is specified
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properties of the manager will be
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shown. If a unit name is specified
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properties of the unit is shown, and
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if a job id is specified properties of
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the job is shown. By default, empty
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properties are suppressed. Use
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<option>--all</option> to show those
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too. To select specific properties to
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show use
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<option>--property=</option>. This
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command is intended to be used
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whenever computer-parsable output is
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required. Use
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<command>status</command> if you are
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looking for formatted human-readable
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output.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>reset-failed [NAME...]</command></term>
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<listitem><para>Reset the
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'<literal>failed</literal>' state of the
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specified units, or if no unit name is
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passed of all units. When a unit fails
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in some way (i.e. process exiting with
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non-zero error code, terminating
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abnormally or timing out) it will
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automatically enter the
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'<literal>failed</literal>' state and
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its exit code and status is recorded
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for introspection by the administrator
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until the service is restarted or
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reset with this
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command.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>enable [NAME...]</command></term>
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<listitem><para>Enable one or more
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unit files, as specified on the
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command line. This will create a
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number of symlinks as encoded in the
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<literal>[Install]</literal> sections
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of the unit files. After the symlinks
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have been created the systemd
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configuration is reloaded (in a way
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that is equivalent to
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<command>daemon-reload</command>) to
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ensure the changes are taken into
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account immediately. Note that this
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does not have the effect that any of
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the units enabled are also started at
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the same time. If this is desired a
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seperate <command>start</command>
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command must be invoked for the
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unit.</para>
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<para>This command will
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print the actions executed. This
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output may be suppressed by passing
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<option>--quiet</option>.</para>
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<para>Note that this operation creates
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only the suggested symlinks for the
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units. While this command is the
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recommended way to manipulate the unit
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configuration directory, the
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administrator is free to make
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additional changes manually, by
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placing or removing symlinks in the
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directory. This is particular useful
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to create configurations that deviate
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from the suggested default
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installation. In this case the
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administrator must make sure to invoke
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<command>daemon-reload</command>
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manually as necessary, to ensure his
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changes are taken into account.</para>
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|
|
<para>Enabling units should not be
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|
confused with starting (activating)
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|
units, as done by the
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<command>start</command>
|
|
command. Enabling and starting units
|
|
is orthogonal: units may be enabled
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without being started and started
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without being enabled. Enabling simply
|
|
hooks the unit into various suggested
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|
places (for example, so that the unit
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is automatically started on boot or
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when a particular kind of hardware is
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plugged in). Starting actually spawns
|
|
the daemon process (in case of service
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units), or binds the socket (in case
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of socket units), and so
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|
on.</para>
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|
|
<para>Depending on whether
|
|
<option>--system</option>,
|
|
<option>--session</option> or
|
|
<option>--global</option> is specified
|
|
this enables the unit for the system,
|
|
for sessions of the calling user only
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|
or for all future session of all
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|
users. Note that in the latter case no
|
|
systemd daemon configuration is
|
|
reloaded.</para>
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|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><command>disable [NAME...]</command></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Disables one or more
|
|
units. This removes all symlinks to
|
|
the specified unit files from the unit
|
|
configuration directory, and hence
|
|
undoes the changes made by
|
|
<command>enable</command>. Note
|
|
however that this by default removes
|
|
all symlinks to the unit files
|
|
(i.e. including manual additions), not
|
|
just those actually created by
|
|
<command>enable</command>. If only the
|
|
symlinks that are suggested by default
|
|
shall be removed, pass
|
|
<option>--defaults</option>. This
|
|
implicitly reloads the systemd daemon
|
|
configuration after completing the
|
|
disabling of the units. Note that this
|
|
command does not implicitly stop the
|
|
units that is being disabled. If this
|
|
is desired an additional
|
|
<command>stop</command>command should
|
|
be executed afterwards.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>This command will print the
|
|
actions executed. This output may be
|
|
suppressed by passing
|
|
<option>--quiet</option>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<para>This command honours
|
|
<option>--system</option>,
|
|
<option>--session</option>,
|
|
<option>--global</option> in a similar
|
|
way as
|
|
<command>enable</command>.</para>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><command>is-enabled [NAME...]</command></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Checks whether any of
|
|
the specified unit files is enabled
|
|
(as with
|
|
<command>enable</command>). Returns an
|
|
exit code of 0 if at least one is
|
|
enabled, non-zero
|
|
otherwise.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><command>load [NAME...]</command></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Load one or more units
|
|
specified on the command line. This
|
|
will simply load their configuration
|
|
from disk, but not start them. To
|
|
start them you need to use the
|
|
<command>start</command> command which
|
|
will implicitly load a unit that has
|
|
not been loaded yet. Note that systemd
|
|
garbage collects loaded units that are
|
|
not active or referenced by an active
|
|
unit. This means that units loaded
|
|
this way will usually not stay loaded
|
|
for long. Also note that this command
|
|
cannot be used to reload unit
|
|
configuration. Use the
|
|
<command>daemon-reload</command>
|
|
command for that. All in all, this
|
|
command is of little use except for
|
|
debugging.</para>
|
|
<para>This command should not be
|
|
confused with the
|
|
<command>daemon-reload</command> or
|
|
<command>reload</command>
|
|
commands.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><command>list-jobs</command></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>List jobs that are in progress.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><command>cancel [JOB...]</command></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Cancel one or more
|
|
jobs specified on the command line by
|
|
their numeric job
|
|
IDs. If not job id is specified cancels all jobs that are pending.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><command>monitor</command></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Monitor unit/job
|
|
changes. This is mostly useful for
|
|
debugging purposes and prints a line
|
|
each time systemd loads or unloads a
|
|
unit configuration file, or a unit
|
|
property changes.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><command>dump</command></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Dump server
|
|
status. This will output a (usually
|
|
very long) human readable manager
|
|
status dump. Its format is subject to
|
|
change without notice and should not
|
|
be parsed by
|
|
applications.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><command>dot</command></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Generate textual
|
|
dependency graph description in dot
|
|
format for further processing with the
|
|
GraphViz
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
tool. Use a command line like
|
|
<command>systemctl dot | dot -Tsvg >
|
|
systemd.svg</command> to generate a
|
|
graphical dependency tree. Unless
|
|
<option>--order</option> or
|
|
<option>--require</option> is passed
|
|
the generated graph will show both
|
|
ordering and requirement
|
|
dependencies.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><command>snapshot [NAME]</command></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Create a snapshot. If
|
|
a snapshot name is specified, the new
|
|
snapshot will be named after it. If
|
|
none is specified an automatic
|
|
snapshot name is generated. In either
|
|
case, the snapshot name used is
|
|
printed to STDOUT, unless
|
|
<option>--quiet</option> is
|
|
specified.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>A snapshot refers to a saved
|
|
state of the systemd manager. It is
|
|
implemented itself as unit that is
|
|
generated dynamically with this
|
|
command and has dependencies on all
|
|
units active at the time. At a later
|
|
time the user may return to this state
|
|
by using the
|
|
<command>isolate</command> command on
|
|
the snapshot unit.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
<para>Snapshots are only useful for
|
|
saving and restoring which units are
|
|
running or are stopped, they do not
|
|
save/restore any other
|
|
state. Snapshots are dynamic and lost
|
|
on reboot.</para>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><command>delete [NAME...]</command></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Remove a snapshot
|
|
previously created with
|
|
<command>snapshot</command>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><command>daemon-reload</command></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Reload systemd manager
|
|
configuration. This will reload all
|
|
unit files and recreate the entire
|
|
dependency tree. While the daemon is
|
|
reloaded, all sockets systemd listens
|
|
on on behalf of user configuration will
|
|
stay accessible.</para> <para>This
|
|
command should not be confused with
|
|
the <command>load</command> or
|
|
<command>reload</command>
|
|
commands.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><command>daemon-reexec</command></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Reexecute the systemd
|
|
manager. This will serialize the
|
|
manager state, reexecute the process
|
|
and deserialize the state again. This
|
|
command is of little use except for
|
|
debugging and package
|
|
upgrades. Sometimes it might be
|
|
helpful as a heavy-weight
|
|
<command>daemon-reload</command>. While
|
|
the daemon is reexecuted all sockets
|
|
systemd listens on on behalf of user
|
|
configuration will stay
|
|
accessible.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><command>daemon-exit</command></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Ask the systemd
|
|
manager to quit. This is only
|
|
supported for session managers
|
|
(i.e. in conjunction with the
|
|
<option>--session</option> option) and
|
|
will fail otherwise.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><command>show-environment</command></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Dump the systemd
|
|
manager environment block. The
|
|
environment block will be dumped in
|
|
straight-forward form suitable for
|
|
sourcing into a shell script. This
|
|
environment block will be passed to
|
|
all processes the manager
|
|
spawns.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><command>set-environment [NAME=VALUE...]</command></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Set one or more
|
|
systemd manager environment variables,
|
|
as specified on the command
|
|
line.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><command>unset-environment [NAME...]</command></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Unset one or more
|
|
systemd manager environment
|
|
variables. If only a variable name is
|
|
specified it will be removed
|
|
regardless of its value. If a variable
|
|
and a value are specified the variable
|
|
is only removed if it has the
|
|
specified value.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><command>halt</command></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Shut down and halt the
|
|
system. This is mostly equivalent to
|
|
<command>start halt.target</command>
|
|
but also prints a wall message to all
|
|
users.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><command>poweroff</command></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Shut down and
|
|
power-off the system. This is mostly
|
|
equivalent to <command>start
|
|
poweroff.target</command> but also
|
|
prints a wall message to all
|
|
users.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><command>reboot</command></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Shut down and
|
|
reboot the system. This is mostly
|
|
equivalent to <command>start
|
|
reboot.target</command> but also
|
|
prints a wall message to all
|
|
users.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><command>default</command></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Enter default
|
|
mode. This is mostly equivalent to
|
|
<command>start
|
|
default.target</command>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><command>rescue</command></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Enter rescue
|
|
mode. This is mostly equivalent to
|
|
<command>isolate
|
|
rescue.target</command> but also
|
|
prints a wall message to all
|
|
users.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><command>emergency</command></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Enter emergency
|
|
mode. This is mostly equivalent to
|
|
<command>isolate
|
|
emergency.target</command> but also
|
|
prints a wall message to all
|
|
users.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Exit status</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
|
|
code otherwise.</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemadm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>wall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|