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This part of the copyright blurb stems from the GPL use recommendations: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-howto.en.html The concept appears to originate in times where version control was per file, instead of per tree, and was a way to glue the files together. Ultimately, we nowadays don't live in that world anymore, and this information is entirely useless anyway, as people are very welcome to copy these files into any projects they like, and they shouldn't have to change bits that are part of our copyright header for that. hence, let's just get rid of this old cruft, and shorten our codebase a bit.
492 lines
20 KiB
XML
492 lines
20 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+
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Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
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-->
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<refentry id="systemd-analyze"
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>systemd-analyze</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
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<surname>Poettering</surname>
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<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
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</author>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Harald</firstname>
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<surname>Hoyer</surname>
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<email>harald@redhat.com</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>systemd-analyze</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>systemd-analyze</refname>
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<refpurpose>Analyze and debug system manager</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg>time</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">blame</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">critical-chain</arg>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>UNIT</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">plot</arg>
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<arg choice="opt">> file.svg</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">dot</arg>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable></arg>
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<arg choice="opt">> file.dot</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">dump</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">cat-config</arg>
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<arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>NAME</replaceable>|<replaceable>PATH</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">unit-paths</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">log-level</arg>
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<arg choice="opt"><replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">log-target</arg>
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<arg choice="opt"><replaceable>TARGET</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">syscall-filter</arg>
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<arg choice="opt"><replaceable>SET</replaceable>…</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">verify</arg>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>FILES</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">calendar</arg>
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<arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>SPECS</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">service-watchdogs</arg>
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<arg choice="opt"><replaceable>BOOL</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze</command> may be used to determine
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system boot-up performance statistics and retrieve other state and
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tracing information from the system and service manager, and to
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verify the correctness of unit files. It is also used to access
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special functions useful for advanced system manager debugging.</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze time</command> prints the time
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spent in the kernel before userspace has been reached, the time
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spent in the initial RAM disk (initrd) before normal system
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userspace has been reached, and the time normal system userspace
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took to initialize. Note that these measurements simply measure
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the time passed up to the point where all system services have
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been spawned, but not necessarily until they fully finished
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initialization or the disk is idle.</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze blame</command> prints a list of
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all running units, ordered by the time they took to initialize.
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This information may be used to optimize boot-up times. Note that
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the output might be misleading as the initialization of one
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service might be slow simply because it waits for the
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initialization of another service to complete.
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Also note: <command>systemd-analyze blame</command> doesn't display
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results for services with <varname>Type=simple</varname>,
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because systemd considers such services to be started immediately,
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hence no measurement of the initialization delays can be done.</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze critical-chain
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[<replaceable>UNIT…</replaceable>]</command> prints a tree of
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the time-critical chain of units (for each of the specified
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<replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>s or for the default target
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otherwise). The time after the unit is active or started is
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printed after the "@" character. The time the unit takes to start
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is printed after the "+" character. Note that the output might be
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misleading as the initialization of one service might depend on
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socket activation and because of the parallel execution of
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units.</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze plot</command> prints an SVG
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graphic detailing which system services have been started at what
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time, highlighting the time they spent on initialization.</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze dot</command> generates textual
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dependency graph description in dot format for further processing
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with the GraphViz
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<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>dot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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tool. Use a command line like <command>systemd-analyze dot | dot
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-Tsvg > systemd.svg</command> to generate a graphical dependency
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tree. Unless <option>--order</option> or
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<option>--require</option> is passed, the generated graph will
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show both ordering and requirement dependencies. Optional pattern
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globbing style specifications (e.g. <filename>*.target</filename>)
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may be given at the end. A unit dependency is included in the
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graph if any of these patterns match either the origin or
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destination node.</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze dump</command> outputs a (usually
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very long) human-readable serialization of the complete server
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state. Its format is subject to change without notice and should
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not be parsed by applications.</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze cat-config</command> is similar
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to <command>systemctl cat</command>, but operates on config files.
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It will copy the contents of a config file and any drop-ins to standard
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output, using the usual systemd set of directories and rules for
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precedence. Each argument must be either an absolute path including
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the prefix (such as <filename>/etc/systemd/logind.conf</filename> or
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<filename>/usr/lib/systemd/logind.conf</filename>), or a name
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relative to the prefix (such as <filename>systemd/logind.conf</filename>).
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</para>
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<example>
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<title>Showing logind configuration</title>
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<programlisting>$ systemd-analyze cat-config systemd/logind.conf
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# /etc/systemd/logind.conf
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...
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[Login]
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NAutoVTs=8
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...
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# /usr/lib/systemd/logind.conf.d/20-test.conf
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... some override from another package
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# /etc/systemd/logind.conf.d/50-override.conf
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... some administrator override
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</programlisting>
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</example>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze unit-paths</command> outputs a list of all
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directories from which unit files, <filename>.d</filename> overrides, and
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<filename>.wants</filename>, <filename>.requires</filename> symlinks may be
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loaded. Combine with <option>--user</option> to retrieve the list for the user
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manager instance, and <option>--global</option> for the global configuration of
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user manager instances. Note that this verb prints the list that is compiled into
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<command>systemd-analyze</command> itself, and does not comunicate with the
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running manager. Use
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<programlisting>systemctl [--user] [--global] show -p UnitPath --value</programlisting>
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to retrieve the actual list that the manager uses, with any empty directories
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omitted.</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze log-level</command>
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prints the current log level of the <command>systemd</command> daemon.
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If an optional argument <replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable> is provided, then the command changes the current log
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level of the <command>systemd</command> daemon to <replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable> (accepts the same values as
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<option>--log-level=</option> described in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>).</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze log-target</command>
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prints the current log target of the <command>systemd</command> daemon.
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If an optional argument <replaceable>TARGET</replaceable> is provided, then the command changes the current log
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target of the <command>systemd</command> daemon to <replaceable>TARGET</replaceable> (accepts the same values as
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<option>--log-target=</option>, described in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>).</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze syscall-filter <optional><replaceable>SET</replaceable>…</optional></command>
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will list system calls contained in the specified system call set <replaceable>SET</replaceable>,
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or all known sets if no sets are specified. Argument <replaceable>SET</replaceable> must include
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the <literal>@</literal> prefix.</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze verify</command> will load unit files and print
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warnings if any errors are detected. Files specified on the command line will be
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loaded, but also any other units referenced by them. The full unit search path is
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formed by combining the directories for all command line arguments, and the usual unit
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load paths (variable <varname>$SYSTEMD_UNIT_PATH</varname> is supported, and may be
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used to replace or augment the compiled in set of unit load paths; see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>).
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All units files present in the directories containing the command line arguments will
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be used in preference to the other paths.</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze calendar</command> will parse and normalize repetitive calendar time events, and
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will calculate when they will elapse next. This takes the same input as the <varname>OnCalendar=</varname> setting
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in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, following the
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syntax described in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.time</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze service-watchdogs</command>
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prints the current state of service runtime watchdogs of the <command>systemd</command> daemon.
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If an optional boolean argument is provided, then globally enables or disables the service
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runtime watchdogs (<option>WatchdogSec=</option>) and emergency actions (e.g.
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<option>OnFailure=</option> or <option>StartLimitAction=</option>); see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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The hardware watchdog is not affected by this setting.</para>
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<para>If no command is passed, <command>systemd-analyze
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time</command> is implied.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>The following options are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--system</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Operates on the system systemd instance. This
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is the implied default.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--user</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Operates on the user systemd
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instance.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--global</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Operates on the system-wide configuration for
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user systemd instance.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--order</option></term>
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<term><option>--require</option></term>
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<listitem><para>When used in conjunction with the
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<command>dot</command> command (see above), selects which
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dependencies are shown in the dependency graph. If
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<option>--order</option> is passed, only dependencies of type
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<varname>After=</varname> or <varname>Before=</varname> are
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shown. If <option>--require</option> is passed, only
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dependencies of type <varname>Requires=</varname>,
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<varname>Requisite=</varname>,
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<varname>Wants=</varname> and <varname>Conflicts=</varname>
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are shown. If neither is passed, this shows dependencies of
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all these types.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--from-pattern=</option></term>
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<term><option>--to-pattern=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>When used in conjunction with the
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<command>dot</command> command (see above), this selects which
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relationships are shown in the dependency graph. Both options
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require a
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<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>glob</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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pattern as an argument, which will be matched against the
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left-hand and the right-hand, respectively, nodes of a
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relationship.</para>
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<para>Each of these can be used more than once, in which case
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the unit name must match one of the values. When tests for
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both sides of the relation are present, a relation must pass
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both tests to be shown. When patterns are also specified as
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positional arguments, they must match at least one side of the
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relation. In other words, patterns specified with those two
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options will trim the list of edges matched by the positional
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arguments, if any are given, and fully determine the list of
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edges shown otherwise.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--fuzz=</option><replaceable>timespan</replaceable></term>
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<listitem><para>When used in conjunction with the
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<command>critical-chain</command> command (see above), also
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show units, which finished <replaceable>timespan</replaceable>
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earlier, than the latest unit in the same level. The unit of
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<replaceable>timespan</replaceable> is seconds unless
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specified with a different unit, e.g.
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"50ms".</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--man=no</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Do not invoke man to verify the existence of
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man pages listed in <varname>Documentation=</varname>.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--generators</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Invoke unit generators, see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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Some generators require root privileges. Under a normal user, running with
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generators enabled will generally result in some warnings.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--root=<replaceable>PATH</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>With <command>cat-files</command>, show config files underneath
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the specified root path <replaceable>PATH</replaceable>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="host" />
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<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="machine" />
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" />
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-pager" />
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Exit status</title>
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<para>On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure code
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otherwise.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Examples for <command>dot</command></title>
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<example>
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<title>Plots all dependencies of any unit whose name starts with
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<literal>avahi-daemon</literal></title>
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<programlisting>$ systemd-analyze dot 'avahi-daemon.*' | dot -Tsvg > avahi.svg
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$ eog avahi.svg</programlisting>
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</example>
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<example>
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<title>Plots the dependencies between all known target units</title>
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<programlisting>$ systemd-analyze dot --to-pattern='*.target' --from-pattern='*.target' | dot -Tsvg > targets.svg
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$ eog targets.svg</programlisting>
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</example>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Examples for <command>verify</command></title>
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<para>The following errors are currently detected:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>unknown sections and directives,
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>missing dependencies which are required to start
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the given unit,</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>man pages listed in
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<varname>Documentation=</varname> which are not found in the
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system,</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>commands listed in <varname>ExecStart=</varname>
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and similar which are not found in the system or not
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executable.</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<example>
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<title>Misspelt directives</title>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>$ cat ./user.slice
|
|
[Unit]
|
|
WhatIsThis=11
|
|
Documentation=man:nosuchfile(1)
|
|
Requires=different.service
|
|
|
|
[Service]
|
|
Description=x
|
|
|
|
$ systemd-analyze verify ./user.slice
|
|
[./user.slice:9] Unknown lvalue 'WhatIsThis' in section 'Unit'
|
|
[./user.slice:13] Unknown section 'Service'. Ignoring.
|
|
Error: org.freedesktop.systemd1.LoadFailed:
|
|
Unit different.service failed to load:
|
|
No such file or directory.
|
|
Failed to create user.slice/start: Invalid argument
|
|
user.slice: man nosuchfile(1) command failed with code 16
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
</example>
|
|
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>Missing service units</title>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>$ tail ./a.socket ./b.socket
|
|
==> ./a.socket <==
|
|
[Socket]
|
|
ListenStream=100
|
|
|
|
==> ./b.socket <==
|
|
[Socket]
|
|
ListenStream=100
|
|
Accept=yes
|
|
|
|
$ systemd-analyze verify ./a.socket ./b.socket
|
|
Service a.service not loaded, a.socket cannot be started.
|
|
Service b@0.service not loaded, b.socket cannot be started.
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
</example>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="less-variables.xml" />
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|