mirror of
https://github.com/systemd/systemd-stable.git
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12b42c7667
This did not really work out as we had hoped. Trying to do this upstream introduced several problems that probably makes it better suited as a downstream patch after all. At any rate, it is not releaseable in the current state, so we at least need to revert this before the release. * by adjusting the path to binaries, but not do the same thing to the search path we end up with inconsistent man-pages. Adjusting the search path too would be quite messy, and it is not at all obvious that this is worth the effort, but at any rate it would have to be done before we could ship this. * this means that distributed man-pages does not make sense as they depend on config options, and for better or worse we are still distributing man pages, so that is something that definitely needs sorting out before we could ship with this patch. * we have long held that split-usr is only minimally supported in order to boot, and something we hope will eventually go away. So before we start adding even more magic/effort in order to make this work nicely, we should probably question if it makes sense at all.
579 lines
25 KiB
XML
579 lines
25 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0"?>
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<!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2010 Brandon Philips
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systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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Lesser General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
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along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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-->
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<refentry id="tmpfiles.d">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>tmpfiles.d</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Documentation</contrib>
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<firstname>Brandon</firstname>
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<surname>Philips</surname>
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<email>brandon@ifup.org</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>tmpfiles.d</refname>
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<refpurpose>Configuration for creation, deletion and cleaning of
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volatile and temporary files</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<para><filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename></para>
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<para><filename>/run/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename></para>
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<para><filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename></para>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> uses the configuration
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files from the above directories to describe the creation,
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cleaning and removal of volatile and temporary files and
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directories which usually reside in directories such as
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<filename>/run</filename> or <filename>/tmp</filename>.</para>
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<para>Volatile and temporary files and directories are those
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located in <filename>/run</filename> (and its alias
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<filename>/var/run</filename>), <filename>/tmp</filename>,
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<filename>/var/tmp</filename>, the API file systems such as
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<filename>/sys</filename> or <filename>/proc</filename>, as well
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as some other directories below <filename>/var</filename>.</para>
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<para>System daemons frequently require private runtime
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directories below <filename>/run</filename> to place communication
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sockets and similar in. For these, consider declaring them in
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their unit files using <varname>RuntimeDirectory=</varname> (see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details), if this is feasible.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Configuration Format</title>
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<para>Each configuration file shall be named in the style of
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<filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>.conf</filename> or
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<filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>-<replaceable>part</replaceable>.conf</filename>.
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The second variant should be used when it is desirable to make it
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easy to override just this part of configuration.</para>
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<para>Files in <filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d</filename> override files
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with the same name in <filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename> and
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<filename>/run/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Files in
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<filename>/run/tmpfiles.d</filename> override files with the same
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name in <filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Packages should
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install their configuration files in
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<filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Files in
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<filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d</filename> are reserved for the local
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administrator, who may use this logic to override the
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configuration files installed by vendor packages. All
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configuration files are sorted by their filename in lexicographic
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order, regardless of which of the directories they reside in. If
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multiple files specify the same path, the entry in the file with
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the lexicographically earliest name will be applied. All other
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conflicting entries will be logged as errors. When two lines are
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prefix and suffix of each other, then the prefix is always
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processed first, the suffix later. Lines that take globs are
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applied after those accepting no globs. If multiple operations
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shall be applied on the same file (such as ACL, xattr, file
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attribute adjustments) these are always done in the same fixed
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order. Otherwise, the files/directories are processed in the order
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they are listed.</para>
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<para>If the administrator wants to disable a configuration file
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supplied by the vendor, the recommended way is to place a symlink
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to <filename>/dev/null</filename> in
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<filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d/</filename> bearing the same filename.
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</para>
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<para>The configuration format is one line per path containing
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type, path, mode, ownership, age, and argument fields:</para>
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<programlisting>#Type Path Mode UID GID Age Argument
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d /run/user 0755 root root 10d -
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L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/null</programlisting>
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<para>Fields may be enclosed within quotes and contain C-style escapes.</para>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Type</title>
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<para>The type consists of a single letter and optionally an
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exclamation mark.</para>
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<para>The following line types are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>f</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a file if it does not exist yet. If
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the argument parameter is given, it will be written to the
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file. Does not follow symlinks.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>F</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create or truncate a file. If the argument
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parameter is given, it will be written to the file. Does not follow symlinks.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>w</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Write the argument parameter to a file, if
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the file exists. Lines of this type accept shell-style
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globs in place of normal path names. The argument parameter
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will be written without a trailing newline. C-style
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backslash escapes are interpreted. Follows
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symlinks.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>d</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a directory if it does not exist yet.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>D</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create or empty a directory.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>v</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a subvolume if the path does not
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exist yet and the file system supports this
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(btrfs). Otherwise create a normal directory, in the same
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way as <varname>d</varname>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>p</varname></term>
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<term><varname>p+</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a named pipe (FIFO) if it does not
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exist yet. If suffixed with <varname>+</varname> and a file
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already exists where the pipe is to be created, it will be
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removed and be replaced by the pipe.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>L</varname></term>
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<term><varname>L+</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a symlink if it does not exist
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yet. If suffixed with <varname>+</varname> and a file
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already exists where the symlink is to be created, it will
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be removed and be replaced by the symlink. If the argument
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is omitted, symlinks to files with the same name residing in
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the directory <filename>/usr/share/factory/</filename> are
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created.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>c</varname></term>
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<term><varname>c+</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a character device node if it does
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not exist yet. If suffixed with <varname>+</varname> and a
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file already exists where the device node is to be created,
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it will be removed and be replaced by the device node. It is
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recommended to suffix this entry with an exclamation mark to
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only create static device nodes at boot, as udev will not
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manage static device nodes that are created at runtime.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>b</varname></term>
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<term><varname>b+</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a block device node if it does not
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exist yet. If suffixed with <varname>+</varname> and a file
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already exists where the device node is to be created, it
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will be removed and be replaced by the device node. It is
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recommended to suffix this entry with an exclamation mark to
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only create static device nodes at boot, as udev will not
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manage static device nodes that are created at runtime.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>C</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Recursively copy a file or directory, if the
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destination files or directories do not exist yet. Note that
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this command will not descend into subdirectories if the
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destination directory already exists. Instead, the entire
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copy operation is skipped. If the argument is omitted, files
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from the source directory
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<filename>/usr/share/factory/</filename> with the same name
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are copied. Does not follow symlinks.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>x</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Ignore a path during cleaning. Use this type
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to exclude paths from clean-up as controlled with the Age
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parameter. Note that lines of this type do not influence the
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effect of <varname>r</varname> or <varname>R</varname>
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lines. Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place
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of normal path names. </para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>X</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Ignore a path during cleaning. Use this type
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to exclude paths from clean-up as controlled with the Age
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parameter. Unlike <varname>x</varname>, this parameter will
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not exclude the content if path is a directory, but only
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directory itself. Note that lines of this type do not
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influence the effect of <varname>r</varname> or
|
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<varname>R</varname> lines. Lines of this type accept
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shell-style globs in place of normal path names.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>r</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Remove a file or directory if it exists.
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This may not be used to remove non-empty directories, use
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<varname>R</varname> for that. Lines of this type accept
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shell-style globs in place of normal path
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names. Does not follow symlinks.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
|
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>R</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Recursively remove a path and all its
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subdirectories (if it is a directory). Lines of this type
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accept shell-style globs in place of normal path
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names. Does not follow symlinks.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>z</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Adjust the access mode, group and user, and
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restore the SELinux security context of a file or directory,
|
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if it exists. Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in
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place of normal path names. Does not follow symlinks.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Z</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Recursively set the access mode, group and
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user, and restore the SELinux security context of a file or
|
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directory if it exists, as well as of its subdirectories and
|
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the files contained therein (if applicable). Lines of this
|
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type accept shell-style globs in place of normal path
|
|
names. Does not follow symlinks. </para></listitem>
|
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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|
<term><varname>t</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Set extended attributes. Lines of this type
|
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accept shell-style globs in place of normal path names.
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|
This can be useful for setting SMACK labels. Does not follow
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symlinks.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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|
<term><varname>T</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Recursively set extended attributes. Lines
|
|
of this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal
|
|
path names. This can be useful for setting SMACK
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labels. Does not follow symlinks. </para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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|
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>h</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Set file/directory attributes. Lines of this type
|
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accept shell-style globs in place of normal path names.</para>
|
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|
|
<para>The format of the argument field is
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<varname>[+-=][aAcCdDeijsStTu] </varname>. The prefix
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|
<varname>+</varname> (the default one) causes the
|
|
attribute(s) to be added; <varname>-</varname> causes the
|
|
attribute(s) to be removed; <varname>=</varname> causes the
|
|
attributes to set exactly as the following letters. The
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letters <literal>aAcCdDeijsStTu</literal> select the new
|
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attributes for the files, see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chattr</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> for further information.
|
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</para>
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<para>Passing only <varname>=</varname> as argument resets
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all the file attributes listed above. It has to be pointed
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out that the <varname>=</varname> prefix, limits itself to
|
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the attributes corresponding to the letters listed here. All
|
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other attributes will be left untouched. Does not follow
|
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symlinks.</para>
|
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</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
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|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>H</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Recursively set file/directory attributes. Lines
|
|
of this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal
|
|
path names. Does not follow symlinks.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
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|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>a</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>a+</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Set POSIX ACLs (access control lists). If
|
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suffixed with <varname>+</varname>, specified entries will
|
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be added to the existing set.
|
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<command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> will automatically add
|
|
the required base entries for user and group based on the
|
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access mode of the file, unless base entries already exist
|
|
or are explictly specified. The mask will be added if not
|
|
specified explicitly or already present. Lines of this type
|
|
accept shell-style globs in place of normal path names. This
|
|
can be useful for allowing additional access to certain
|
|
files. Does not follow symlinks.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>A</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>A+</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Same as <varname>a</varname> and
|
|
<varname>a+</varname>, but recursive. Does not follow
|
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symlinks.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<para>If the exclamation mark is used, this line is only safe of
|
|
execute during boot, and can break a running system. Lines
|
|
without the exclamation mark are presumed to be safe to execute
|
|
at any time, e.g. on package upgrades.
|
|
<command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> will execute line with an
|
|
exclamation mark only if option <option>--boot</option> is
|
|
given.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>For example:
|
|
<programlisting># Make sure these are created by default so that nobody else can
|
|
d /tmp/.X11-unix 1777 root root 10d
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|
|
# Unlink the X11 lock files
|
|
r! /tmp/.X[0-9]*-lock</programlisting>
|
|
The second line in contrast to the first one would break a
|
|
running system, and will only be executed with
|
|
<option>--boot</option>.</para>
|
|
</refsect2>
|
|
|
|
<refsect2>
|
|
<title>Path</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The file system path specification supports simple
|
|
specifier expansion. The following expansions are
|
|
understood:</para>
|
|
|
|
<table>
|
|
<title>Specifiers available</title>
|
|
<tgroup cols='3' align='left' colsep='1' rowsep='1'>
|
|
<colspec colname="spec" />
|
|
<colspec colname="mean" />
|
|
<colspec colname="detail" />
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Specifier</entry>
|
|
<entry>Meaning</entry>
|
|
<entry>Details</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry><literal>%m</literal></entry>
|
|
<entry>Machine ID</entry>
|
|
<entry>The machine ID of the running system, formatted as string. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information.</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry><literal>%b</literal></entry>
|
|
<entry>Boot ID</entry>
|
|
<entry>The boot ID of the running system, formatted as string. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>random</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information.</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry><literal>%H</literal></entry>
|
|
<entry>Host name</entry>
|
|
<entry>The hostname of the running system.</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry><literal>%v</literal></entry>
|
|
<entry>Kernel release</entry>
|
|
<entry>Identical to <command>uname -r</command> output.</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry><literal>%%</literal></entry>
|
|
<entry>Escaped %</entry>
|
|
<entry>Single percent sign.</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</tgroup>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</refsect2>
|
|
|
|
<refsect2>
|
|
<title>Mode</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The file access mode to use when creating this file or
|
|
directory. If omitted or when set to <literal>-</literal>, the
|
|
default is used: 0755 for directories, 0644 for all other file
|
|
objects. For <varname>z</varname>, <varname>Z</varname> lines,
|
|
if omitted or when set to <literal>-</literal>, the file access
|
|
mode will not be modified. This parameter is ignored for
|
|
<varname>x</varname>, <varname>r</varname>,
|
|
<varname>R</varname>, <varname>L</varname>, <varname>t</varname>,
|
|
and <varname>a</varname> lines.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Optionally, if prefixed with <literal>~</literal>, the
|
|
access mode is masked based on the already set access bits for
|
|
existing file or directories: if the existing file has all
|
|
executable bits unset, all executable bits are removed from the
|
|
new access mode, too. Similarly, if all read bits are removed
|
|
from the old access mode, they will be removed from the new
|
|
access mode too, and if all write bits are removed, they will be
|
|
removed from the new access mode too. In addition, the
|
|
sticky/SUID/SGID bit is removed unless applied to a
|
|
directory. This functionality is particularly useful in
|
|
conjunction with <varname>Z</varname>.</para>
|
|
</refsect2>
|
|
|
|
<refsect2>
|
|
<title>UID, GID</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The user and group to use for this file or directory. This
|
|
may either be a numeric user/group ID or a user or group
|
|
name. If omitted or when set to <literal>-</literal>, the
|
|
default 0 (root) is used. For <varname>z</varname>,
|
|
<varname>Z</varname> lines, when omitted or when set to
|
|
<literal>-</literal>, the file ownership will not be
|
|
modified. These parameters are ignored for <varname>x</varname>,
|
|
<varname>r</varname>, <varname>R</varname>,
|
|
<varname>L</varname>, <varname>t</varname>, and
|
|
<varname>a</varname> lines.</para>
|
|
</refsect2>
|
|
|
|
<refsect2>
|
|
<title>Age</title>
|
|
<para>The date field, when set, is used to decide what files to
|
|
delete when cleaning. If a file or directory is older than the
|
|
current time minus the age field, it is deleted. The field
|
|
format is a series of integers each followed by one of the
|
|
following postfixes for the respective time units:
|
|
<constant>s</constant>,
|
|
<constant>m</constant> or <constant>min</constant>,
|
|
<constant>h</constant>,
|
|
<constant>d</constant>,
|
|
<constant>w</constant>,
|
|
<constant>ms</constant>,
|
|
<constant>us</constant>,
|
|
respectively meaning seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks,
|
|
milliseconds, and microseconds. Full names of the time units can
|
|
be used too.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If multiple integers and units are specified, the time
|
|
values are summed. If an integer is given without a unit,
|
|
<constant>s</constant> is assumed.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>When the age is set to zero, the files are cleaned
|
|
unconditionally.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The age field only applies to lines
|
|
starting with <varname>d</varname>,
|
|
<varname>D</varname>, and
|
|
<varname>x</varname>. If omitted or set to
|
|
<literal>-</literal>, no automatic clean-up is
|
|
done.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If the age field starts with a tilde character
|
|
<literal>~</literal>, the clean-up is only applied to files and
|
|
directories one level inside the directory specified, but not
|
|
the files and directories immediately inside it.</para>
|
|
</refsect2>
|
|
|
|
<refsect2>
|
|
<title>Argument</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>For <varname>L</varname> lines determines the destination
|
|
path of the symlink. For <varname>c</varname>,
|
|
<varname>b</varname> determines the major/minor of the device
|
|
node, with major and minor formatted as integers, separated by
|
|
<literal>:</literal>, e.g. <literal>1:3</literal>. For
|
|
<varname>f</varname>, <varname>F</varname>, and
|
|
<varname>w</varname> may be used to specify a short string that
|
|
is written to the file, suffixed by a newline. For
|
|
<varname>C</varname>, specifies the source file or
|
|
directory. For <varname>t</varname>, <varname>T</varname>
|
|
determines extended attributes to be set. For
|
|
<varname>a</varname>, <varname>A</varname> determines ACL
|
|
attributes to be set. For <varname>h</varname>,
|
|
<varname>H</varname> determines the file attributes to
|
|
set. Ignored for all other lines.</para>
|
|
</refsect2>
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Example</title>
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>/etc/tmpfiles.d/screen.conf example</title>
|
|
<para><command>screen</command> needs two directories created at
|
|
boot with specific modes and ownership.</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>d /run/screens 1777 root root 10d
|
|
d /run/uscreens 0755 root root 10d12h
|
|
t /run/screen - - - - user.name="John Smith" security.SMACK64=screen</programlisting>
|
|
</example>
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>/etc/tmpfiles.d/abrt.conf example</title>
|
|
<para><command>abrt</command> needs a directory created at boot with specific mode and ownership and its content should be preserved.</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>d /var/tmp/abrt 0755 abrt abrt
|
|
x /var/tmp/abrt/*</programlisting>
|
|
</example>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-tmpfiles</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-delta</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>attr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>getfattr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>setfattr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>setfacl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>getfacl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>chattr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|