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4f57f77267
Fixes #17910: we didn't clearly explain that coredumps may exist without journal entries, and vice versa. Also, make the examples more concrete, and use '$' instead of '#' to avoid suggesting that running as root is required. The text is extended a bit in various places. In the description of systemd-coredump, the details of executor separation are split out to a separate subsection, since they are rather detailed and not necessary to understand for normal use.
382 lines
14 KiB
XML
382 lines
14 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later -->
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<refentry id="coredumpctl" conditional='ENABLE_COREDUMP'
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>coredumpctl</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>coredumpctl</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>coredumpctl</refname>
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<refpurpose>Retrieve and process saved core dumps and metadata</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>coredumpctl</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="req">COMMAND</arg>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">PID|COMM|EXE|MATCH</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><command>coredumpctl</command> is a tool that can be used to retrieve and process core
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dumps and metadata which were saved by
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-coredump</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Commands</title>
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<para>The following commands are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>list</command></term>
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<listitem><para>List core dumps captured in the journal
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matching specified characteristics. If no command is
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specified, this is the implied default.</para>
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<para>The output is designed to be human readable and contains a table with the following
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columns:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>TIME</term>
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<listitem><para>The timestamp of the crash, as reported by the kernel.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>PID</term>
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<listitem><para>The identifier of the process that crashed.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>UID</term>
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<term>GID</term>
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<listitem><para>The user and group identifiers of the process that crashed.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>SIGNAL</term>
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<listitem><para>The signal that caused the process to crash, when applicable.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>COREFILE</term>
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<listitem><para>Information whether the coredump was stored, and whether
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it is still accessible: <literal>none</literal> means the core was
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not stored, <literal>-</literal> means that it was not available (for
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example because the process was not terminated by a signal),
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<literal>present</literal> means that the core file is accessible by the
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current user, <literal>journal</literal> means that the core was stored
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in the <literal>journal</literal>, <literal>truncated</literal> is the
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same as one of the previous two, but the core was too large and was not
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stored in its entirety, <literal>error</literal> means that the core file
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cannot be accessed, most likely because of insufficient permissions, and
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<literal>missing</literal> means that the core was stored in a file, but
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this file has since been removed.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>EXE</term>
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<listitem><para>The full path to the executable. For backtraces of scripts
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this is the name of the interpreter.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>It's worth noting that different restrictions apply to
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data saved in the journal and core dump files saved in
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<filename>/var/lib/systemd/coredump</filename>, see overview in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-coredump</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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Thus it may very well happen that a particular core dump is still listed
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in the journal while its corresponding core dump file has already been
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removed.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>info</command></term>
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<listitem><para>Show detailed information about the last core dump
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or core dumps matching specified characteristics
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captured in the journal.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>dump</command></term>
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<listitem><para>Extract the last core dump matching specified
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characteristics. The core dump will be written on standard
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output, unless an output file is specified with
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<option>--output=</option>. </para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>debug</command></term>
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<listitem><para>Invoke a debugger on the last core dump
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matching specified characteristics. By default,
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>gdb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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will be used. This may be changed using the <option>--debugger=</option>
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option or the <varname>$SYSTEMD_DEBUGGER</varname> environment
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variable. Use the <option>--debugger-arguments=</option> option to pass extra
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command line arguments to the debugger.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>The following options are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" />
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-pager" />
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-legend" />
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="json" />
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-1</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Show information of the most recent core dump only, instead of listing all known core
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dumps. (Equivalent to <option>--reverse -n 1</option></para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-n</option> <replaceable>INT</replaceable></term>
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<listitem><para>Show at most the specified number of entries. The specified parameter must be an
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integer greater or equal to 1.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-S</option></term>
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<term><option>--since</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Only print entries which are since the specified date.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-U</option></term>
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<term><option>--until</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Only print entries which are until the specified date.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-r</option></term>
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<term><option>--reverse</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Reverse output so that the newest entries are displayed first.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-F</option> <replaceable>FIELD</replaceable></term>
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<term><option>--field=</option><replaceable>FIELD</replaceable></term>
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<listitem><para>Print all possible data values the specified
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field takes in matching core dump entries of the
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journal.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-o</option> <replaceable>FILE</replaceable></term>
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<term><option>--output=</option><replaceable>FILE</replaceable></term>
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<listitem><para>Write the core to <option>FILE</option>.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--debugger=</option><replaceable>DEBUGGER</replaceable></term>
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<listitem><para>Use the given debugger for the <command>debug</command>
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command. If not given and <varname>$SYSTEMD_DEBUGGER</varname> is unset, then
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>gdb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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will be used. </para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-A</option> <replaceable>ARGS</replaceable></term>
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<term><option>--debugger-arguments=</option><replaceable>ARGS</replaceable></term>
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<listitem><para>Pass the given <replaceable>ARGS</replaceable> as extra command line arguments
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to the debugger. Quote as appropriate when <replaceable>ARGS</replaceable> contain whitespace.
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(See Examples.)</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--file=<replaceable>GLOB</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes a file glob as an argument. If
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specified, coredumpctl will operate on the specified journal
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files matching <replaceable>GLOB</replaceable> instead of the
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default runtime and system journal paths. May be specified
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multiple times, in which case files will be suitably
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interleaved.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-D</option> <replaceable>DIR</replaceable></term>
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<term><option>--directory=</option><replaceable>DIR</replaceable></term>
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<listitem><para>Use the journal files in the specified <option>DIR</option>.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-q</option></term>
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<term><option>--quiet</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Suppresses informational messages about lack
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of access to journal files and possible in-flight coredumps.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Matching</title>
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<para>A match can be:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><replaceable>PID</replaceable></term>
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<listitem><para>Process ID of the
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process that dumped
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core. An integer.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><replaceable>COMM</replaceable></term>
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<listitem><para>Name of the executable (matches
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<option>COREDUMP_COMM=</option>). Must not contain slashes.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><replaceable>EXE</replaceable></term>
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<listitem><para>Path to the executable (matches
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<option>COREDUMP_EXE=</option>). Must contain at least one
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slash. </para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><replaceable>MATCH</replaceable></term>
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<listitem><para>General journalctl match filter, must contain an equals
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sign (<literal>=</literal>). See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Exit status</title>
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<para>On success, 0 is returned; otherwise, a non-zero failure
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code is returned. Not finding any matching core dumps is treated as
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failure.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Environment</title>
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<variablelist class='environment-variables'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>$SYSTEMD_DEBUGGER</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Use the given debugger for the <command>debug</command>
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command. See the <option>--debugger=</option> option.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Examples</title>
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<example>
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<title>List all the core dumps of a program</title>
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<programlisting>$ coredumpctl list /usr/lib64/firefox/firefox
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TIME PID UID GID SIG COREFILE EXE SIZE
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Tue … 8018 1000 1000 SIGSEGV missing /usr/lib64/firefox/firefox n/a
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Wed … 251609 1000 1000 SIGTRAP missing /usr/lib64/firefox/firefox n/a
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Fri … 552351 1000 1000 SIGSEGV present /usr/lib64/firefox/firefox 28.7M
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</programlisting>
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<para>The journal has three entries pertaining to <filename>/usr/lib64/firefox/firefox</filename>, and
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only the last entry still has an available core file (in external storage on disk).</para>
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<para>Note that <filename>coredumpctl</filename> needs access to the journal files to retrieve the
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relevant entries from the journal. Thus, an unprivileged user will normally only see information about
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crashing programs of this user.</para>
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</example>
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<example>
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<title>Invoke <command>gdb</command> on the last core dump</title>
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<programlisting>$ coredumpctl debug</programlisting>
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</example>
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<example>
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<title>Use <command>gdb</command> to display full register info from the last core dump</title>
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<programlisting>$ coredumpctl debug --debugger-arguments="-batch -ex 'info all-registers'"</programlisting>
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</example>
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<example>
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<title>Show information about a process that dumped core,
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matching by its PID 6654</title>
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<programlisting>$ coredumpctl info 6654</programlisting>
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</example>
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<example>
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<title>Extract the last core dump of /usr/bin/bar to a file named
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<filename index="false">bar.coredump</filename></title>
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<programlisting>$ coredumpctl -o bar.coredump dump /usr/bin/bar</programlisting>
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</example>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>See Also</title>
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<para>
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-coredump</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>coredump.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>gdb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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