mirror of
https://github.com/systemd/systemd-stable.git
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dcd9d196a4
Confer https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/19006#issuecomment-800234022: On some systems it's the admin's explicit choice not to to have the machine ID leak into the ESP On some systems the machine ID is transient, generated at every boot, and hence should not be written to the ESP
252 lines
12 KiB
XML
252 lines
12 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?>
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later -->
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<refentry id="kernel-install"
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>kernel-install</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>kernel-install</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>kernel-install</refname>
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<refpurpose>Add and remove kernel and initramfs images to and from /boot</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>kernel-install</command>
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<arg choice="plain">COMMAND</arg>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain"><replaceable>KERNEL-VERSION</replaceable></arg>
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<arg choice="plain"><replaceable>KERNEL-IMAGE</replaceable></arg>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>INITRD-FILE</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><command>kernel-install</command> is used to install and remove kernel and initramfs images to and
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from the boot loader partition, referred to as <varname>$BOOT</varname> here. It will usually be one of
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<filename>/boot/</filename>, <filename>/efi/</filename>, or <filename>/boot/efi/</filename>, see below.
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</para>
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<para><command>kernel-install</command> will execute the files
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located in the directory <filename>/usr/lib/kernel/install.d/</filename>
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and the local administration directory <filename>/etc/kernel/install.d/</filename>.
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All files are collectively sorted and executed in lexical order, regardless of the directory in
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which they live. However, files with identical filenames replace each other.
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Files in <filename>/etc/kernel/install.d/</filename> take precedence over files with the same name
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in <filename>/usr/lib/kernel/install.d/</filename>. This can be used to override a system-supplied
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executables with a local file if needed; a symbolic link in <filename>/etc/kernel/install.d/</filename>
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with the same name as an executable in <filename>/usr/lib/kernel/install.d/</filename>,
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pointing to <filename>/dev/null</filename>, disables the executable entirely. Executables must have the
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extension <literal>.install</literal>; other extensions are ignored.</para>
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<para>An executable should return <constant>0</constant> on success. It may also
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return <constant>77</constant> to cause the whole operation to terminate
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(executables later in lexical order will be skipped).</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Commands</title>
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<para>The following commands are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>add <replaceable>KERNEL-VERSION</replaceable> <replaceable>KERNEL-IMAGE</replaceable> [<replaceable>INITRD-FILE</replaceable> ...]</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>This command expects a kernel version string and a path to a kernel image file as
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arguments. <command>kernel-install</command> calls the executables from
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<filename>/usr/lib/kernel/install.d/*.install</filename> and
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<filename>/etc/kernel/install.d/*.install</filename> with the following arguments:
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<programlisting>add <replaceable>KERNEL-VERSION</replaceable> <filename>$BOOT/<replaceable>MACHINE-ID</replaceable>/<replaceable>KERNEL-VERSION</replaceable>/</filename> <replaceable>KERNEL-IMAGE</replaceable> [<replaceable>INITRD-FILE</replaceable> ...]</programlisting>
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</para>
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<para>Three default plugins execute the following operations in this case:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para><filename>00-entry-directory.install</filename> creates the directory
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<filename>$BOOT/<replaceable>MACHINE-ID</replaceable>/<replaceable>KERNEL-VERSION</replaceable>/</filename>
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if <filename>$BOOT/<replaceable>MACHINE-ID</replaceable>/</filename> already exists.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><filename>50-depmod.install</filename> runs
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>depmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> for the
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<replaceable>KERNEL-VERSION</replaceable>.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><filename>90-loaderentry.install</filename> copies <replaceable>KERNEL-IMAGE</replaceable>
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to
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<filename>$BOOT/<replaceable>MACHINE-ID</replaceable>/<replaceable>KERNEL-VERSION</replaceable>/linux</filename>.
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If an <replaceable>INITRD-FILE</replaceable> is provided, it also copies <replaceable>INITRD-FILE</replaceable>
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to
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<filename>$BOOT/<replaceable>MACHINE-ID</replaceable>/<replaceable>KERNEL_VERSION</replaceable>/<replaceable>INITRD-FILE</replaceable></filename>.
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It also creates a boot loader entry according to the <ulink
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url="https://systemd.io/BOOT_LOADER_SPECIFICATION">Boot Loader Specification</ulink> in
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<filename>$BOOT/loader/entries/<replaceable>MACHINE-ID</replaceable>-<replaceable>KERNEL-VERSION</replaceable>.conf</filename>.
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The title of the entry is the <replaceable>PRETTY_NAME</replaceable> parameter specified in
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<filename>/etc/os-release</filename> or <filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename> (if the former is
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missing), or "Linux <replaceable>KERNEL-VERSION</replaceable>", if unset.</para>
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<para>If the entry directory
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<filename>$BOOT/<replaceable>MACHINE-ID</replaceable>/<replaceable>KERNEL-VERSION</replaceable>/</filename>
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does not exist, this plugin does nothing.</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>remove <replaceable>KERNEL-VERSION</replaceable></command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>This command expects a kernel version string as single argument. This calls executables from
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<filename>/usr/lib/kernel/install.d/*.install</filename> and
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<filename>/etc/kernel/install.d/*.install</filename> with the following arguments:
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<programlisting>remove <replaceable>KERNEL-VERSION</replaceable> <filename>$BOOT/<replaceable>MACHINE-ID</replaceable>/<replaceable>KERNEL-VERSION</replaceable>/</filename></programlisting>
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</para>
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<para>Afterwards, <command>kernel-install</command> removes the directory
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<filename>$BOOT/<replaceable>MACHINE-ID</replaceable>/<replaceable>KERNEL-VERSION</replaceable>/</filename>
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and its contents.</para>
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<para>Two default plugins execute the following operations in this case:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para><filename>50-depmod.install</filename> removes the files generated by <command>depmod</command> for this kernel again.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><filename>90-loaderentry.install</filename> removes the file
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<filename>$BOOT/loader/entries/<replaceable>MACHINE-ID</replaceable>-<replaceable>KERNEL-VERSION</replaceable>.conf</filename>.</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>The <varname>$BOOT</varname> partition</title>
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<para>The partition where the kernels and <ulink url="https://systemd.io/BOOT_LOADER_SPECIFICATION">Boot
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Loader Specification</ulink> snippets are located is called <varname>$BOOT</varname>.
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<command>kernel-install</command> determines the location of this partition by checking
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<filename>/efi/</filename>, <filename>/boot/</filename>, and <filename>/boot/efi/</filename>
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in turn. The first location where <filename>$BOOT/loader/entries/</filename> or
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<filename>$BOOT/$MACHINE_ID/</filename> exists is used.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>The following options are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-v</option></term>
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<term><option>--verbose</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Output additional information about operations being performed.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Environment variables</title>
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<para>If <option>--verbose</option> is used, <varname>$KERNEL_INSTALL_VERBOSE=1</varname> will be set for
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the plugins. They may output additional logs in this case.</para>
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<para>If <varname>MACHINE_ID=</varname> is set and not empty, it will be used as <replaceable>MACHINE-ID</replaceable>,
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overriding any automatic detection attempts. The value must be a valid machine ID (32 hexadecimal characters).</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Exit status</title>
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<para>If every executable returns 0 or 77, 0 is returned, and a non-zero failure code otherwise.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Files</title>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<filename>/usr/lib/kernel/install.d/*.install</filename>
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<filename>/etc/kernel/install.d/*.install</filename>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Drop-in files which are executed by kernel-install.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<filename>/usr/lib/kernel/cmdline</filename>
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<filename>/etc/kernel/cmdline</filename>
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<filename>/proc/cmdline</filename>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Read by <filename>90-loaderentry.install</filename>. The content of the file
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<filename>/etc/kernel/cmdline</filename> specifies the kernel command line to use. If that file does not
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exist, <filename>/usr/lib/kernel/cmdline</filename> is used. If that also does not exist,
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<filename>/proc/cmdline</filename> is used.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<filename>/etc/kernel/tries</filename>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Read by <filename>90-loaderentry.install</filename>. If this file exists a numeric value is read from
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it and the naming of the generated entry file is slightly altered to include it as
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<filename>$BOOT/loader/entries/<replaceable>MACHINE-ID</replaceable>-<replaceable>KERNEL-VERSION</replaceable>+<replaceable>TRIES</replaceable>.conf</filename>. This
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is useful for boot loaders such as
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-boot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> which
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implement boot attempt counting with a counter embedded in the entry file name.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<filename>/etc/machine-id</filename>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The content of this file specifies the machine identification
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<replaceable>MACHINE-ID</replaceable>. If <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename>
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cannot be read or is temporary (backed by a file on <constant>tmpfs</constant>),
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<command>kernel-install</command> will use <literal>Default</literal> instead.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<filename>/etc/os-release</filename>
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<filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Read by <filename>90-loaderentry.install</filename>.
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If available, <varname>PRETTY_NAME</varname> is read from these files and used as the title of the boot menu entry.
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Otherwise, <literal>Linux <replaceable>KERNEL-VERSION</replaceable></literal> will be used.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>See Also</title>
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<para>
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>os-release</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>depmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-boot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<ulink url="https://systemd.io/BOOT_LOADER_SPECIFICATION">Boot Loader Specification</ulink>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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