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218 lines
11 KiB
XML
218 lines
11 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later -->
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<refentry id="systemd-sysusers"
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>systemd-sysusers</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>systemd-sysusers</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>systemd-sysusers</refname>
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<refname>systemd-sysusers.service</refname>
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<refpurpose>Allocate system users and groups</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-sysusers</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>CONFIGFILE</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<para><filename>systemd-sysusers.service</filename></para>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><command>systemd-sysusers</command> creates system users and groups, based on files in the format
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described in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysusers.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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</para>
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<para>If invoked with no arguments, it applies all directives from all files found in the directories
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specified by
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysusers.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. When
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invoked with positional arguments, if option <option>--replace=<replaceable>PATH</replaceable></option>
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is specified, arguments specified on the command line are used instead of the configuration file
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<replaceable>PATH</replaceable>. Otherwise, just the configuration specified by the command line
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arguments is executed. The string <literal>-</literal> may be specified instead of a filename to instruct
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<command>systemd-sysusers</command> to read the configuration from standard input. If the argument is a
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relative path, all configuration directories are searched for a matching file and the file found that has
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the highest priority is executed. If the argument is an absolute path, that file is used directly without
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searching of the configuration directories.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>The following options are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--root=<replaceable>root</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes a directory path as an argument. All
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paths will be prefixed with the given alternate
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<replaceable>root</replaceable> path, including config search
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paths. </para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--image=<replaceable>image</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes a path to a disk image file or block device node. If specified all operations
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are applied to file system in the indicated disk image. This is similar to <option>--root=</option>
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but operates on file systems stored in disk images or block devices. The disk image should either
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contain just a file system or a set of file systems within a GPT partition table, following the
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<ulink url="https://systemd.io/DISCOVERABLE_PARTITIONS">Discoverable Partitions
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Specification</ulink>. For further information on supported disk images, see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
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switch of the same name.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--replace=<replaceable>PATH</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>When this option is given, one or more positional arguments
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must be specified. All configuration files found in the directories listed in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysusers.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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will be read, and the configuration given on the command line will be
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handled instead of and with the same priority as the configuration file
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<replaceable>PATH</replaceable>.</para>
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<para>This option is intended to be used when package installation scripts
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are running and files belonging to that package are not yet available on
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disk, so their contents must be given on the command line, but the admin
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configuration might already exist and should be given higher priority.
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</para>
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<example>
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<title>RPM installation script for radvd</title>
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<programlisting>echo 'u radvd - "radvd daemon"' | \
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systemd-sysusers --replace=/usr/lib/sysusers.d/radvd.conf -</programlisting>
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<para>This will create the radvd user as if
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<filename>/usr/lib/sysusers.d/radvd.conf</filename> was already on disk.
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An admin might override the configuration specified on the command line by
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placing <filename>/etc/sysusers.d/radvd.conf</filename> or even
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<filename>/etc/sysusers.d/00-overrides.conf</filename>.</para>
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<para>Note that this is the expanded form, and when used in a package, this
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would be written using a macro with "radvd" and a file containing the
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configuration line as arguments.</para>
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</example>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--dry-run</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Process the configuration and figure out what entries would be created, but don't
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actually write anything.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--inline</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Treat each positional argument as a separate configuration
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line instead of a file name.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="cat-config" />
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-pager" />
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" />
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Credentials</title>
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<para><command>systemd-sysusers</command> supports the service credentials logic as implemented by
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<varname>LoadCredential=</varname>/<varname>SetCredential=</varname> (see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> for
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details). The following credentials are used when passed in:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>passwd.hashed-password.<replaceable>user</replaceable></literal></term>
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<listitem><para>A UNIX hashed password string to use for the specified user, when creating an entry
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for it. This is particularly useful for the <literal>root</literal> user as it allows provisioning
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the default root password to use via a unit file drop-in or from a container manager passing in this
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credential. Note that setting this credential has no effect if the specified user account already
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exists. This credential is hence primarily useful in first boot scenarios or systems that are fully
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stateless and come up with an empty <filename>/etc/</filename> on every boot.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>passwd.plaintext-password.<replaceable>user</replaceable></literal></term>
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<listitem><para>Similar to <literal>passwd.hashed-password.<replaceable>user</replaceable></literal>
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but expect a literal, plaintext password, which is then automatically hashed before used for the user
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account. If both the hashed and the plaintext credential are specified for the same user the
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former takes precedence. It's generally recommended to specify the hashed version; however in test
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environments with weaker requirements on security it might be easier to pass passwords in plaintext
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instead.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>passwd.shell.<replaceable>user</replaceable></literal></term>
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<listitem><para>Specifies the shell binary to use for the specified account when creating it.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>sysusers.extra</literal></term>
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<listitem><para>The contents of this credential may contain additional lines to operate on. The
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credential contents should follow the same format as any other <filename>sysusers.d/</filename>
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drop-in. If this credential is passed it is processed after all of the drop-in files read from the
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file system.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>Note that by default the <filename>systemd-sysusers.service</filename> unit file is set up to
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inherit the <literal>passwd.hashed-password.root</literal>,
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<literal>passwd.plaintext-password.root</literal>, <literal>passwd.shell.root</literal> and
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<literal>sysusers.extra</literal> credentials from the service manager. Thus, when invoking a container
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with an unpopulated <filename>/etc/</filename> for the first time it is possible to configure the root
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user's password to be <literal>systemd</literal> like this:</para>
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<para><programlisting># systemd-nspawn --image=… --set-credential=passwd.hashed-password.root:'$y$j9T$yAuRJu1o5HioZAGDYPU5d.$F64ni6J2y2nNQve90M/p0ZP0ECP/qqzipNyaY9fjGpC' …</programlisting></para>
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<para>Note again that the data specified in this credential is consulted only when creating an account
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for the first time, it may not be used for changing the password or shell of an account that already
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exists.</para>
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<para>Use <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>mkpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for generating UNIX password hashes from the command line.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Exit status</title>
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<para>On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure code
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otherwise.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>See Also</title>
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<para>
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysusers.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<ulink url="https://systemd.io/UIDS-GIDS">Users, Groups, UIDs and GIDs on systemd systems</ulink>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>mkpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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