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<refentry id= "systemd.special" >
<refentryinfo >
<title > systemd.special</title>
<productname > systemd</productname>
<authorgroup >
<author >
<contrib > Developer</contrib>
<firstname > Lennart</firstname>
<surname > Poettering</surname>
<email > lennart@poettering.net</email>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</refentryinfo>
<refmeta >
<refentrytitle > systemd.special</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum > 7</manvolnum>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv >
<refname > systemd.special</refname>
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<refpurpose > Special systemd units</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv >
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<para > <filename > basic.target</filename> ,
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<filename > bluetooth.target</filename> ,
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<filename > ctrl-alt-del.target</filename> ,
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<filename > cryptsetup.target</filename> ,
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<filename > dbus.service</filename> ,
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<filename > dbus.socket</filename> ,
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<filename > default.target</filename> ,
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<filename > display-manager.service</filename> ,
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<filename > emergency.target</filename> ,
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<filename > exit.target</filename> ,
<filename > final.target</filename> ,
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<filename > getty.target</filename> ,
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<filename > graphical.target</filename> ,
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<filename > hibernate.target</filename> ,
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<filename > http-daemon.target</filename> ,
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<filename > halt.target</filename> ,
<filename > kbrequest.target</filename> ,
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<filename > kexec.target</filename> ,
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<filename > local-fs.target</filename> ,
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<filename > local-fs-pre.target</filename> ,
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<filename > mail-transfer-agent.target</filename> ,
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<filename > multi-user.target</filename> ,
<filename > network.target</filename> ,
<filename > nss-lookup.target</filename> ,
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<filename > nss-user-lookup.target</filename> ,
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<filename > poweroff.target</filename> ,
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<filename > printer.target</filename> ,
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<filename > reboot.target</filename> ,
<filename > remote-fs.target</filename> ,
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<filename > remote-fs-pre.target</filename> ,
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<filename > rescue.target</filename> ,
<filename > rpcbind.target</filename> ,
<filename > runlevel2.target</filename> ,
<filename > runlevel3.target</filename> ,
<filename > runlevel4.target</filename> ,
<filename > runlevel5.target</filename> ,
<filename > shutdown.target</filename> ,
<filename > sigpwr.target</filename> ,
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<filename > sleep.target</filename> ,
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<filename > smartcard.target</filename> ,
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<filename > sockets.target</filename> ,
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<filename > sound.target</filename> ,
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<filename > suspend.target</filename> ,
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<filename > swap.target</filename> ,
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<filename > sysinit.target</filename> ,
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<filename > syslog.socket</filename> ,
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<filename > syslog.target</filename> ,
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<filename > system-update.target</filename> ,
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<filename > time-sync.target</filename> ,
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<filename > umount.target</filename> </para>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1 >
<title > Description</title>
<para > A few units are treated specially by
systemd. They have special internal semantics and
cannot be renamed.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 >
<title > Special System Units</title>
<variablelist >
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > basic.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > A special target unit
covering early boot-up.</para>
<para > systemd automatically
adds dependencies of the types
Requires and After for this
target unit to all SysV
service units configured for
runlevel 1 to 5.</para>
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<para > Usually this should pull-in
all sockets, mount points,
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swap devices and other basic
initialization necessary for
the general purpose
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daemons. Most normal daemons
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should have dependencies of
type After and Requires on
this unit.</para>
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</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > bluetooth.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > This target is started
automatically as soon as a
bluetooth controller is
plugged in or becomes
available at boot.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > ctrl-alt-del.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > systemd starts this
target whenever
Control+Alt+Del is pressed on
the console. Usually this
should be aliased (symlinked)
to
<filename > reboot.target</filename> .</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > cryptsetup.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > A target that pulls in
setup services for all
encrypted block
devices.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
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<term > <filename > dbus.service</filename> </term>
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<listitem >
<para > A special unit for the
D-Bus system bus. As soon as
this service is fully started
up systemd will connect to it
and register its
service.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > dbus.socket</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > A special unit for the
D-Bus system bus socket. All
units with
<literal > Type=dbus</literal>
automatically gain a
dependency on this
unit.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > default.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > The default unit systemd
starts at bootup. Usually this
should be aliased (symlinked)
to
<filename > multi-user.target</filename>
or
<filename > graphical.target</filename> .</para>
<para > The default unit systemd
starts at bootup can be
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overridden with the
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<varname > systemd.unit=</varname>
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kernel command line option.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > display-manager.service</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > The display manager
service. Usually this should
be aliased (symlinked) to
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<filename > gdm.service</filename>
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or a similar display manager
service.</para>
<para > systemd automatically
adds dependencies of type
After for this target unit to
all SysV init script service
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units with a LSB header
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referring to the
<literal > $x-display-manager</literal>
facility, for compatibility
with Debian.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
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<term > <filename > emergency.target</filename> </term>
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<listitem >
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<para > A special target unit
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that starts an emergency
shell on the main
console. This unit is supposed
to be used with the kernel
command line option
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<varname > systemd.unit=</varname>
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and has otherwise little use.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > final.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > A special target unit
that is used during the
shutdown logic and may be used
to pull in late services after
all normal services are
already terminated and all
mounts unmounted.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > getty.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > A special target unit
that pulls in all local TTY
<filename > getty</filename> instances.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > graphical.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > A special target unit
for setting up a graphical
login screen. This pulls in
<filename > multi-user.target</filename> .</para>
<para > Units that are needed
for graphical login shall add
Wants dependencies for their
unit to this unit (or
<filename > multi-user.target</filename> )
during installation.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > hibernate.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > A special target unit
for hibernating the
system. This pulls in
<filename > sleep.target</filename> .</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > http-daemon.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > A target for pulling in
an HTTP server if there is
any.</para>
<para > systemd automatically
adds dependencies of type
After for this target unit to
all SysV init script service
units with a LSB header
referring to the
<literal > $httpd</literal>
facility.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > halt.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > A special target unit
for shutting down and halting the system.</para>
<para > Applications wanting to
halt the system should start
this unit.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > kbrequest.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > systemd starts this
target whenever Alt+ArrowUp is
pressed on the console. This
is a good candidate to be
aliased (symlinked) to
<filename > rescue.target</filename> .</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > kexec.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > A special target unit
for shutting down and rebooting the system via kexec.</para>
<para > Applications wanting to
reboot the system with kexec should start
this unit.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > local-fs.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > systemd automatically
adds dependencies of type
After to all mount units that
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refer to local mount points
for this target unit. In
addition, systemd adds
dependencies of type Wants to
this target unit for those
mounts listed in
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<filename > /etc/fstab</filename>
that have the
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<option > auto</option> and
<option > comment=systemd.mount</option>
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mount options set.</para>
<para > systemd automatically
adds dependencies of type
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After for this target unit to
all SysV init script service
units with an LSB header
referring to the
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<literal > $local_fs</literal>
facility.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > local-fs-pre.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > This target unit is
automatically ordered before
all local mount points marked
with <option > auto</option>
(see above). It can be used to
execute certain units before
all local mounts.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > mail-transfer-agent.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > The mail transfer agent
(MTA) service. Usually this
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should pull-in all units
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necessary for
sending/receiving mails on the
local host.</para>
<para > systemd automatically
adds dependencies of type
After for this target unit to
all SysV init script service
units with an LSB header
referring to the
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<literal > $mail-transfer-agent</literal>
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or
<literal > $mail-transport-agent</literal>
facilities, for compatibility
with Debian.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > multi-user.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > A special target unit
for setting up a multi-user
system (non-graphical). This
is pulled in by
<filename > graphical.target</filename> .</para>
<para > Units that are needed
for a multi-user system shall
add Wants dependencies to
this unit for their unit during
installation.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > network.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > systemd automatically
adds dependencies of type
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After for this target unit to
all SysV init script service
units with an LSB header
referring to the
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<literal > $network</literal>
facility.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > nss-lookup.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
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<para > A target that should be
used as synchronization point
for all host/network name
service lookups. Note that
this is independent of
user/group name lookups for
which
<filename > nss-user-lookup.target</filename>
should be used. systemd
automatically adds
dependencies of type After for
this target unit to all SysV
init script service units with
an LSB header referring to the
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<literal > $named</literal>
facility.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > nss-user-lookup.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > A target that should be
used as synchronization point
for all user/group name
service lookups. Note that
this is independent of
host/network name lookups for
which
<filename > nss-lookup.target</filename>
should be used. </para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > poweroff.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > A special target unit
for shutting down and powering off the system.</para>
<para > Applications wanting to
power off the system should start
this unit.</para>
<para > <filename > runlevel0.target</filename>
is an alias for this target
unit, for compatibility with SysV.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > printer.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > This target is started
automatically as soon as a
printer is plugged in or
becomes available at
boot.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > reboot.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > A special target unit
for shutting down and rebooting the system.</para>
<para > Applications wanting to
reboot the system should start
this unit.</para>
<para > <filename > runlevel6.target</filename>
is an alias for this target
unit, for compatibility with SysV.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > remote-fs.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
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<para > Similar to
<filename > local-fs.target</filename> ,
but for remote mount
points.</para>
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<para > systemd automatically
adds dependencies of type
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After for this target unit to
all SysV init script service
units with an LSB header
referring to the
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<literal > $remote_fs</literal>
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facility.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > remote-fs-pre.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > This target unit is
automatically ordered before
all remote mount points marked
with <option > auto</option>
(see above). It can be used to
execute certain units before
all remote mounts.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > rescue.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > A special target unit
for setting up the base system
and a rescue shell.</para>
<para > <filename > runlevel1.target</filename>
is an alias for this target
unit, for compatibility with SysV.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > rpcbind.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > systemd automatically
adds dependencies of type
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After for this target unit to
all SysV init script service
units with an LSB header
referring to the
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<literal > $rpcbind</literal>
facility.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > runlevel2.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > This is a target that is
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called whenever the SysV
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compatibility code asks for
runlevel 2. It is a good idea
to make this an alias for
(i.e. symlink to)
<filename > multi-user.target</filename> .</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > runlevel3.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > This is a target that is
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called whenever the SysV
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compatibility code asks for
runlevel 3. It is a good idea
to make this an alias for
(i.e. symlink to)
<filename > multi-user.target</filename>
or
<filename > graphical.target</filename> .</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > runlevel4.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > This is a target that is
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called whenever the SysV
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compatibility code asks for
runlevel 4. It is a good idea
to make this an alias for
(i.e. symlink to)
<filename > multi-user.target</filename>
or
<filename > graphical.target</filename> .</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > runlevel5.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > This is a target that is
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called whenever the SysV
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compatibility code asks for
runlevel 5. It is a good idea
to make this an alias for
(i.e. symlink to)
<filename > multi-user.target</filename>
or
<filename > graphical.target</filename> .</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > shutdown.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > A special target unit
that terminates the services
on system shutdown.</para>
<para > Services that shall be
terminated on system shutdown
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shall add Conflicts
dependencies to this unit for
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their service unit, which is
implicitly done when
<varname > DefaultDependencies=yes</varname>
is set (the default).</para>
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<para > systemd automatically
adds dependencies of type
Conflicts to this target unit
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for all SysV init script
service units that shall be
terminated in SysV runlevels 0
or 6.</para>
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</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > sigpwr.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > A special target that is
started when systemd receives
the SIGPWR process signal,
which is normally sent by the
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kernel or UPS daemons when
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power fails.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > sleep.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > A special target unit
that is pulled in by
<filename > suspend.target</filename>
and
<filename > hibernate.target</filename>
and may be used to hook units
into the sleep state
logic.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > smartcard.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > This target is started
automatically as soon as a
smartcard controller is
plugged in or becomes
available at boot.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > sockets.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > A special target unit
that sets up all service
sockets.</para>
<para > Services that can be
socket-activated shall add
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Wants dependencies to this
unit for their socket unit
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during installation.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > sound.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > This target is started
automatically as soon as a
sound card is plugged in or
becomes available at
boot.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > suspend.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > A special target unit
for suspending the
system. This pulls in
<filename > sleep.target</filename> .</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > swap.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > Similar to
<filename > local-fs.target</filename> , but for swap
partitions and swap
files.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > sysinit.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > A special target unit
covering early boot-up scripts.</para>
<para > systemd automatically
adds dependencies of the types
Wants and After for all
SysV service units configured
for runlevels that are not 0
to 6 to this target unit.
This covers the special
boot-up runlevels some
distributions have, such as S
or b.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > syslog.socket</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > The socket unit where
syslog implementations should
listen on. All userspace log
messages will be made
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available on this socket. For
more information about syslog
integration, please consult
the <ulink
url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/syslog">Syslog
Interface</ulink>
document.</para>
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</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > syslog.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > systemd automatically
adds dependencies of type
After for this target unit to
all SysV init script service
units with an LSB header
referring to the
<literal > $syslog</literal>
facility.</para>
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</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > system-update.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > A special target unit
that is used for off-line
system updates.
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd-system-update-generator</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 8</manvolnum> </citerefentry>
will redirect the boot process
to this target if
<filename > /system-update</filename>
exists. For more information
see the <ulink
url="http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/SystemUpdates">System
Updates
Specification</ulink> .</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > time-sync.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > systemd automatically
adds dependencies of type
After for this target unit to
all SysV init script service
units with an LSB header
referring to the
<literal > $time</literal>
facility.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry >
<term > <filename > umount.target</filename> </term>
<listitem >
<para > A special target unit
that umounts all mount and
automount points on system
shutdown.</para>
<para > Mounts that shall be
unmounted on system shutdown
shall add Conflicts
dependencies to this unit for
their mount unit, which is
implicitly done when
<varname > DefaultDependencies=yes</varname>
is set (the default).</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 >
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<title > Special User Units</title>
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<para > When systemd runs as a user instance, the
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following special units are available, which have
similar definitions as their system counterparts:
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<filename > default.target</filename> ,
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<filename > shutdown.target</filename> ,
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<filename > sockets.target</filename> </para>
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<para > In addition the following special unit is
understood only when systemd runs as service instance:</para>
<variablelist >
<varlistentry >
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<term > <filename > exit.target</filename> </term>
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<listitem >
<para > A special service unit
for shutting down the
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user service manager.</para>
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<para > Applications wanting to
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terminate the user service
manager should start this
unit. If systemd receives
SIGTERM or SIGINT when running
as user service daemon it will
start this unit.</para>
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<para > Normally, this pulls in
<filename > shutdown.target</filename>
which in turn should be
conflicted by all units that
want to be shut down on
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user service manager exit.</para>
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</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
<refsect1 >
<title > See Also</title>
<para >
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<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 1</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
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<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd.unit</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd.service</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd.socket</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
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<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > systemd.target</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 5</manvolnum> </citerefentry> ,
<citerefentry > <refentrytitle > bootup</refentrytitle> <manvolnum > 7</manvolnum> </citerefentry>
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</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
