systemd/udev/udev-rules.c

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2003-2010 Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
 * Copyright (C) 2008 Alan Jenkins <alan-jenkins@tuffmail.co.uk>
 *
 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

#include <stddef.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <fnmatch.h>
#include <time.h>

#include "udev.h"

#define PREALLOC_TOKEN			2048
#define PREALLOC_STRBUF			32 * 1024
#define PREALLOC_TRIE			256

struct uid_gid {
	unsigned int name_off;
	union {
		uid_t	uid;
		gid_t	gid;
	};
};

struct trie_node {
	/* this node's first child */
	unsigned int child_idx;
	/* the next child of our parent node's child list */
	unsigned int next_child_idx;
	/* this node's last child (shortcut for append) */
	unsigned int last_child_idx;
	unsigned int value_off;
	unsigned short value_len;
	unsigned char key;
};

struct udev_rules {
	struct udev *udev;
	int resolve_names;

	/* every key in the rules file becomes a token */
	struct token *tokens;
	unsigned int token_cur;
	unsigned int token_max;

	/* all key strings are copied to a single string buffer */
	char *buf;
	size_t buf_cur;
	size_t buf_max;
	unsigned int buf_count;

	/* during rule parsing, strings are indexed to find duplicates */
	struct trie_node *trie_nodes;
	unsigned int trie_nodes_cur;
	unsigned int trie_nodes_max;

	/* during rule parsing, uid/gid lookup results are cached */
	struct uid_gid *uids;
	unsigned int uids_cur;
	unsigned int uids_max;
	struct uid_gid *gids;
	unsigned int gids_cur;
	unsigned int gids_max;
};

/* KEY=="", KEY!="", KEY+="", KEY="", KEY:="" */
enum operation_type {
	OP_UNSET,

	OP_MATCH,
	OP_NOMATCH,
	OP_MATCH_MAX,

	OP_ADD,
	OP_ASSIGN,
	OP_ASSIGN_FINAL,
};

enum string_glob_type {
	GL_UNSET,
	GL_PLAIN,			/* no special chars */
	GL_GLOB,			/* shell globs ?,*,[] */
	GL_SPLIT,			/* multi-value A|B */
	GL_SPLIT_GLOB,			/* multi-value with glob A*|B* */
	GL_SOMETHING,			/* commonly used "?*" */
};

enum string_subst_type {
	SB_UNSET,
	SB_NONE,
	SB_FORMAT,
	SB_SUBSYS,
};

/* tokens of a rule are sorted/handled in this order */
enum token_type {
	TK_UNSET,
	TK_RULE,

	TK_M_ACTION,			/* val */
	TK_M_DEVPATH,			/* val */
	TK_M_KERNEL,			/* val */
	TK_M_DEVLINK,			/* val */
	TK_M_NAME,			/* val */
	TK_M_ENV,			/* val, attr */
	TK_M_TAG,			/* val */
	TK_M_SUBSYSTEM,			/* val */
	TK_M_DRIVER,			/* val */
	TK_M_WAITFOR,			/* val */
	TK_M_ATTR,			/* val, attr */

	TK_M_PARENTS_MIN,
	TK_M_KERNELS,			/* val */
	TK_M_SUBSYSTEMS,		/* val */
	TK_M_DRIVERS,			/* val */
	TK_M_ATTRS,			/* val, attr */
	TK_M_PARENTS_MAX,

	TK_M_TEST,			/* val, mode_t */
	TK_M_PROGRAM,			/* val */
	TK_M_IMPORT_FILE,		/* val */
	TK_M_IMPORT_PROG,		/* val */
	TK_M_IMPORT_DB,			/* val */
	TK_M_IMPORT_CMDLINE,		/* val */
	TK_M_IMPORT_PARENT,		/* val */
	TK_M_RESULT,			/* val */
	TK_M_MAX,

	TK_A_STRING_ESCAPE_NONE,
	TK_A_STRING_ESCAPE_REPLACE,
	TK_A_INOTIFY_WATCH,		/* int */
	TK_A_DEVLINK_PRIO,		/* int */
	TK_A_OWNER,			/* val */
	TK_A_GROUP,			/* val */
	TK_A_MODE,			/* val */
	TK_A_OWNER_ID,			/* uid_t */
	TK_A_GROUP_ID,			/* gid_t */
	TK_A_MODE_ID,			/* mode_t */
	TK_A_STATIC_NODE,		/* val */
	TK_A_ENV,			/* val, attr */
	TK_A_TAG,			/* val */
	TK_A_NAME,			/* val */
	TK_A_DEVLINK,			/* val */
	TK_A_EVENT_TIMEOUT,		/* int */
	TK_A_ATTR,			/* val, attr */
	TK_A_RUN,			/* val, bool */
	TK_A_GOTO,			/* size_t */

	TK_END,
};

/* we try to pack stuff in a way that we take only 12 bytes per token */
struct token {
	union {
		unsigned char type;		/* same in rule and key */
		struct {
			enum token_type type:8;
			bool can_set_name:1;
			bool has_static_node:1;
			unsigned int unused:6;
			unsigned short token_count;
			unsigned int label_off;
			unsigned short filename_off;
			unsigned short filename_line;
		} rule;
		struct {
			enum token_type type:8;
			enum operation_type op:8;
			enum string_glob_type glob:8;
			enum string_subst_type subst:4;
			enum string_subst_type attrsubst:4;
			unsigned int value_off;
			union {
				unsigned int attr_off;
				int devlink_unique;
				int fail_on_error;
				unsigned int rule_goto;
				mode_t  mode;
				uid_t uid;
				gid_t gid;
				int devlink_prio;
				int event_timeout;
				int watch;
			};
		} key;
	};
};

#define MAX_TK		64
struct rule_tmp {
	struct udev_rules *rules;
	struct token rule;
	struct token token[MAX_TK];
	unsigned int token_cur;
};

#ifdef ENABLE_DEBUG
static const char *operation_str(enum operation_type type)
{
	static const char *operation_strs[] = {
		[OP_UNSET] =		"UNSET",
		[OP_MATCH] =		"match",
		[OP_NOMATCH] =		"nomatch",
		[OP_MATCH_MAX] =	"MATCH_MAX",

		[OP_ADD] =		"add",
		[OP_ASSIGN] =		"assign",
		[OP_ASSIGN_FINAL] =	"assign-final",
}	;

	return operation_strs[type];
}

static const char *string_glob_str(enum string_glob_type type)
{
	static const char *string_glob_strs[] = {
		[GL_UNSET] = 		"UNSET",
		[GL_PLAIN] = 		"plain",
		[GL_GLOB] = 		"glob",
		[GL_SPLIT] = 		"split",
		[GL_SPLIT_GLOB] = 	"split-glob",
		[GL_SOMETHING] = 	"split-glob",
	};

	return string_glob_strs[type];
}

static const char *token_str(enum token_type type)
{
	static const char *token_strs[] = {
		[TK_UNSET] =			"UNSET",
		[TK_RULE] =			"RULE",

		[TK_M_ACTION] =			"M ACTION",
		[TK_M_DEVPATH] =		"M DEVPATH",
		[TK_M_KERNEL] =			"M KERNEL",
		[TK_M_DEVLINK] =		"M DEVLINK",
		[TK_M_NAME] =			"M NAME",
		[TK_M_ENV] =			"M ENV",
		[TK_M_TAG] =			"M TAG",
		[TK_M_SUBSYSTEM] =		"M SUBSYSTEM",
		[TK_M_DRIVER] =			"M DRIVER",
		[TK_M_WAITFOR] =		"M WAITFOR",
		[TK_M_ATTR] =			"M ATTR",

		[TK_M_PARENTS_MIN] =		"M PARENTS_MIN",
		[TK_M_KERNELS] =		"M KERNELS",
		[TK_M_SUBSYSTEMS] =		"M SUBSYSTEMS",
		[TK_M_DRIVERS] =		"M DRIVERS",
		[TK_M_ATTRS] =			"M ATTRS",
		[TK_M_PARENTS_MAX] =		"M PARENTS_MAX",

		[TK_M_TEST] =			"M TEST",
		[TK_M_PROGRAM] =		"M PROGRAM",
		[TK_M_IMPORT_FILE] =		"M IMPORT_FILE",
		[TK_M_IMPORT_PROG] =		"M IMPORT_PROG",
		[TK_M_IMPORT_DB] =		"M IMPORT_DB",
		[TK_M_IMPORT_CMDLINE] =		"M IMPORT_CMDLINE",
		[TK_M_IMPORT_PARENT] =		"M IMPORT_PARENT",
		[TK_M_RESULT] =			"M RESULT",
		[TK_M_MAX] =			"M MAX",

		[TK_A_STRING_ESCAPE_NONE] =	"A STRING_ESCAPE_NONE",
		[TK_A_STRING_ESCAPE_REPLACE] =	"A STRING_ESCAPE_REPLACE",
		[TK_A_INOTIFY_WATCH] = 		"A INOTIFY_WATCH",
		[TK_A_DEVLINK_PRIO] =		"A DEVLINK_PRIO",
		[TK_A_OWNER] =			"A OWNER",
		[TK_A_GROUP] =			"A GROUP",
		[TK_A_MODE] =			"A MODE",
		[TK_A_OWNER_ID] =		"A OWNER_ID",
		[TK_A_GROUP_ID] =		"A GROUP_ID",
		[TK_A_STATIC_NODE] =		"A STATIC_NODE",
		[TK_A_MODE_ID] =		"A MODE_ID",
		[TK_A_ENV] =			"A ENV",
		[TK_A_TAG] =			"A ENV",
		[TK_A_NAME] =			"A NAME",
		[TK_A_DEVLINK] =		"A DEVLINK",
		[TK_A_EVENT_TIMEOUT] =		"A EVENT_TIMEOUT",
		[TK_A_ATTR] =			"A ATTR",
		[TK_A_RUN] =			"A RUN",
		[TK_A_GOTO] =			"A GOTO",

		[TK_END] =			"END",
	};

	return token_strs[type];
}

static void dump_token(struct udev_rules *rules, struct token *token)
{
	enum token_type type = token->type;
	enum operation_type op = token->key.op;
	enum string_glob_type glob = token->key.glob;
	const char *value = &rules->buf[token->key.value_off];
	const char *attr = &rules->buf[token->key.attr_off];

	switch (type) {
	case TK_RULE:
		{
			const char *tks_ptr = (char *)rules->tokens;
			const char *tk_ptr = (char *)token;
			unsigned int idx = (tk_ptr - tks_ptr) / sizeof(struct token);

			dbg(rules->udev, "* RULE %s:%u, token: %u, count: %u, label: '%s'\n",
			    &rules->buf[token->rule.filename_off], token->rule.filename_line,
			    idx, token->rule.token_count,
			    &rules->buf[token->rule.label_off]);
			break;
		}
	case TK_M_ACTION:
	case TK_M_DEVPATH:
	case TK_M_KERNEL:
	case TK_M_SUBSYSTEM:
	case TK_M_DRIVER:
	case TK_M_WAITFOR:
	case TK_M_DEVLINK:
	case TK_M_NAME:
	case TK_M_KERNELS:
	case TK_M_SUBSYSTEMS:
	case TK_M_DRIVERS:
	case TK_M_PROGRAM:
	case TK_M_IMPORT_FILE:
	case TK_M_IMPORT_PROG:
	case TK_M_IMPORT_DB:
	case TK_M_IMPORT_CMDLINE:
	case TK_M_IMPORT_PARENT:
	case TK_M_RESULT:
	case TK_A_NAME:
	case TK_A_DEVLINK:
	case TK_A_OWNER:
	case TK_A_GROUP:
	case TK_A_MODE:
	case TK_A_RUN:
		dbg(rules->udev, "%s %s '%s'(%s)\n",
		    token_str(type), operation_str(op), value, string_glob_str(glob));
		break;
	case TK_M_ATTR:
	case TK_M_ATTRS:
	case TK_M_ENV:
	case TK_A_ATTR:
	case TK_A_ENV:
		dbg(rules->udev, "%s %s '%s' '%s'(%s)\n",
		    token_str(type), operation_str(op), attr, value, string_glob_str(glob));
		break;
	case TK_M_TAG:
	case TK_A_TAG:
		dbg(rules->udev, "%s %s '%s'\n", token_str(type), operation_str(op), value);
		break;
	case TK_A_STRING_ESCAPE_NONE:
	case TK_A_STRING_ESCAPE_REPLACE:
		dbg(rules->udev, "%s\n", token_str(type));
		break;
	case TK_M_TEST:
		dbg(rules->udev, "%s %s '%s'(%s) %#o\n",
		    token_str(type), operation_str(op), value, string_glob_str(glob), token->key.mode);
		break;
	case TK_A_INOTIFY_WATCH:
		dbg(rules->udev, "%s %u\n", token_str(type), token->key.watch);
		break;
	case TK_A_DEVLINK_PRIO:
		dbg(rules->udev, "%s %u\n", token_str(type), token->key.devlink_prio);
		break;
	case TK_A_OWNER_ID:
		dbg(rules->udev, "%s %s %u\n", token_str(type), operation_str(op), token->key.uid);
		break;
	case TK_A_GROUP_ID:
		dbg(rules->udev, "%s %s %u\n", token_str(type), operation_str(op), token->key.gid);
		break;
	case TK_A_MODE_ID:
		dbg(rules->udev, "%s %s %#o\n", token_str(type), operation_str(op), token->key.mode);
		break;
	case TK_A_STATIC_NODE:
		dbg(rules->udev, "%s '%s'\n", token_str(type), value);
		break;
	case TK_A_EVENT_TIMEOUT:
		dbg(rules->udev, "%s %u\n", token_str(type), token->key.event_timeout);
		break;
	case TK_A_GOTO:
		dbg(rules->udev, "%s '%s' %u\n", token_str(type), value, token->key.rule_goto);
		break;
	case TK_END:
		dbg(rules->udev, "* %s\n", token_str(type));
		break;
	case TK_M_PARENTS_MIN:
	case TK_M_PARENTS_MAX:
	case TK_M_MAX:
	case TK_UNSET:
		dbg(rules->udev, "unknown type %u\n", type);
		break;
	}
}

static void dump_rules(struct udev_rules *rules)
{
	unsigned int i;

	dbg(rules->udev, "dumping %u (%zu bytes) tokens, %u (%zu bytes) strings\n",
	    rules->token_cur,
	    rules->token_cur * sizeof(struct token),
	    rules->buf_count,
	    rules->buf_cur);
	for(i = 0; i < rules->token_cur; i++)
		dump_token(rules, &rules->tokens[i]);
}
#else
static inline const char *operation_str(enum operation_type type) { return NULL; }
static inline const char *token_str(enum token_type type) { return NULL; }
static inline void dump_token(struct udev_rules *rules, struct token *token) {}
static inline void dump_rules(struct udev_rules *rules) {}
#endif /* ENABLE_DEBUG */

static int add_new_string(struct udev_rules *rules, const char *str, size_t bytes)
{
	int off;

	/* grow buffer if needed */
	if (rules->buf_cur + bytes+1 >= rules->buf_max) {
		char *buf;
		unsigned int add;

		/* double the buffer size */
		add = rules->buf_max;
		if (add < bytes * 8)
			add = bytes * 8;

		buf = realloc(rules->buf, rules->buf_max + add);
		if (buf == NULL)
			return -1;
		dbg(rules->udev, "extend buffer from %zu to %zu\n", rules->buf_max, rules->buf_max + add);
		rules->buf = buf;
		rules->buf_max += add;
	}
	off = rules->buf_cur;
	memcpy(&rules->buf[rules->buf_cur], str, bytes);
	rules->buf_cur += bytes;
	rules->buf_count++;
	return off;
}

static int add_string(struct udev_rules *rules, const char *str)
{
	unsigned int node_idx;
	struct trie_node *new_node;
	unsigned int new_node_idx;
	unsigned char key;
	unsigned short len;
	unsigned int depth;
	unsigned int off;
	struct trie_node *parent;

	/* walk trie, start from last character of str to find matching tails */
	len = strlen(str);
	key = str[len-1];
	node_idx = 0;
	for (depth = 0; depth <= len; depth++) {
		struct trie_node *node;
		unsigned int child_idx;

		node = &rules->trie_nodes[node_idx];
		off = node->value_off + node->value_len - len;

		/* match against current node */
		if (depth == len || (node->value_len >= len && memcmp(&rules->buf[off], str, len) == 0))
			return off;

		/* lookup child node */
		key = str[len - 1 - depth];
		child_idx = node->child_idx;
		while (child_idx > 0) {
			struct trie_node *child;

			child = &rules->trie_nodes[child_idx];
			if (child->key == key)
				break;
			child_idx = child->next_child_idx;
		}
		if (child_idx == 0)
			break;
		node_idx = child_idx;
	}

	/* string not found, add it */
	off = add_new_string(rules, str, len + 1);

	/* grow trie nodes if needed */
	if (rules->trie_nodes_cur >= rules->trie_nodes_max) {
		struct trie_node *nodes;
		unsigned int add;

		/* double the buffer size */
		add = rules->trie_nodes_max;
		if (add < 8)
			add = 8;

		nodes = realloc(rules->trie_nodes, (rules->trie_nodes_max + add) * sizeof(struct trie_node));
		if (nodes == NULL)
			return -1;
		dbg(rules->udev, "extend trie nodes from %u to %u\n",
		    rules->trie_nodes_max, rules->trie_nodes_max + add);
		rules->trie_nodes = nodes;
		rules->trie_nodes_max += add;
	}

	/* get a new node */
	new_node_idx = rules->trie_nodes_cur;
	rules->trie_nodes_cur++;
	new_node = &rules->trie_nodes[new_node_idx];
	memset(new_node, 0x00, sizeof(struct trie_node));
	new_node->value_off = off;
	new_node->value_len = len;
	new_node->key = key;

	/* join the parent's child list */
	parent = &rules->trie_nodes[node_idx];
	if (parent->child_idx == 0) {
		parent->child_idx = new_node_idx;
	} else {
		struct trie_node *last_child;

		last_child = &rules->trie_nodes[parent->last_child_idx];
		last_child->next_child_idx = new_node_idx;
	}
	parent->last_child_idx = new_node_idx;
	return off;
}

static int add_token(struct udev_rules *rules, struct token *token)
{
	/* grow buffer if needed */
	if (rules->token_cur+1 >= rules->token_max) {
		struct token *tokens;
		unsigned int add;

		/* double the buffer size */
		add = rules->token_max;
		if (add < 8)
			add = 8;

		tokens = realloc(rules->tokens, (rules->token_max + add ) * sizeof(struct token));
		if (tokens == NULL)
			return -1;
		dbg(rules->udev, "extend tokens from %u to %u\n", rules->token_max, rules->token_max + add);
		rules->tokens = tokens;
		rules->token_max += add;
	}
	memcpy(&rules->tokens[rules->token_cur], token, sizeof(struct token));
	rules->token_cur++;
	return 0;
}

static uid_t add_uid(struct udev_rules *rules, const char *owner)
{
	unsigned int i;
	uid_t uid;
	unsigned int off;

	/* lookup, if we know it already */
	for (i = 0; i < rules->uids_cur; i++) {
		off = rules->uids[i].name_off;
		if (strcmp(&rules->buf[off], owner) == 0) {
			uid = rules->uids[i].uid;
			dbg(rules->udev, "return existing %u for '%s'\n", uid, owner);
			return uid;
		}
	}
	uid = util_lookup_user(rules->udev, owner);

	/* grow buffer if needed */
	if (rules->uids_cur+1 >= rules->uids_max) {
		struct uid_gid *uids;
		unsigned int add;

		/* double the buffer size */
		add = rules->uids_max;
		if (add < 1)
			add = 8;

		uids = realloc(rules->uids, (rules->uids_max + add ) * sizeof(struct uid_gid));
		if (uids == NULL)
			return uid;
		dbg(rules->udev, "extend uids from %u to %u\n", rules->uids_max, rules->uids_max + add);
		rules->uids = uids;
		rules->uids_max += add;
	}
	rules->uids[rules->uids_cur].uid = uid;
	off = add_string(rules, owner);
	if (off <= 0)
		return uid;
	rules->uids[rules->uids_cur].name_off = off;
	rules->uids_cur++;
	return uid;
}

static gid_t add_gid(struct udev_rules *rules, const char *group)
{
	unsigned int i;
	gid_t gid;
	unsigned int off;

	/* lookup, if we know it already */
	for (i = 0; i < rules->gids_cur; i++) {
		off = rules->gids[i].name_off;
		if (strcmp(&rules->buf[off], group) == 0) {
			gid = rules->gids[i].gid;
			dbg(rules->udev, "return existing %u for '%s'\n", gid, group);
			return gid;
		}
	}
	gid = util_lookup_group(rules->udev, group);

	/* grow buffer if needed */
	if (rules->gids_cur+1 >= rules->gids_max) {
		struct uid_gid *gids;
		unsigned int add;

		/* double the buffer size */
		add = rules->gids_max;
		if (add < 1)
			add = 8;

		gids = realloc(rules->gids, (rules->gids_max + add ) * sizeof(struct uid_gid));
		if (gids == NULL)
			return gid;
		dbg(rules->udev, "extend gids from %u to %u\n", rules->gids_max, rules->gids_max + add);
		rules->gids = gids;
		rules->gids_max += add;
	}
	rules->gids[rules->gids_cur].gid = gid;
	off = add_string(rules, group);
	if (off <= 0)
		return gid;
	rules->gids[rules->gids_cur].name_off = off;
	rules->gids_cur++;
	return gid;
}

static int import_property_from_string(struct udev_device *dev, char *line)
{
	struct udev *udev = udev_device_get_udev(dev);
	char *key;
	char *val;
	size_t len;

	/* find key */
	key = line;
	while (isspace(key[0]))
		key++;

	/* comment or empty line */
	if (key[0] == '#' || key[0] == '\0')
		return -1;

	/* split key/value */
	val = strchr(key, '=');
	if (val == NULL)
		return -1;
	val[0] = '\0';
	val++;

	/* find value */
	while (isspace(val[0]))
		val++;

	/* terminate key */
	len = strlen(key);
	if (len == 0)
		return -1;
	while (isspace(key[len-1]))
		len--;
	key[len] = '\0';

	/* terminate value */
	len = strlen(val);
	if (len == 0)
		return -1;
	while (isspace(val[len-1]))
		len--;
	val[len] = '\0';

	if (len == 0)
		return -1;

	/* unquote */
	if (val[0] == '"' || val[0] == '\'') {
		if (val[len-1] != val[0]) {
			info(udev, "inconsistent quoting: '%s', skip\n", line);
			return -1;
		}
		val[len-1] = '\0';
		val++;
	}

	dbg(udev, "adding '%s'='%s'\n", key, val);

	/* handle device, renamed by external tool, returning new path */
	if (strcmp(key, "DEVPATH") == 0) {
		char syspath[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];

		info(udev, "updating devpath from '%s' to '%s'\n",
		     udev_device_get_devpath(dev), val);
		util_strscpyl(syspath, sizeof(syspath), udev_get_sys_path(udev), val, NULL);
		udev_device_set_syspath(dev, syspath);
	} else {
		struct udev_list_entry *entry;

		entry = udev_device_add_property(dev, key, val);
		/* store in db, skip private keys */
		if (key[0] != '.')
			udev_list_entry_set_flags(entry, 1);
	}
	return 0;
}

static int import_file_into_properties(struct udev_device *dev, const char *filename)
{
	FILE *f;
	char line[UTIL_LINE_SIZE];

	f = fopen(filename, "r");
	if (f == NULL)
		return -1;
	while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), f) != NULL)
		import_property_from_string(dev, line);
	fclose(f);
	return 0;
}

static int import_program_into_properties(struct udev_device *dev, const char *program)
{
	struct udev *udev = udev_device_get_udev(dev);
	char **envp;
	char result[UTIL_LINE_SIZE];
	size_t reslen;
	char *line;

	envp = udev_device_get_properties_envp(dev);
	if (util_run_program(udev, program, envp, result, sizeof(result), &reslen, NULL, false) != 0)
		return -1;

	line = result;
	while (line != NULL) {
		char *pos;

		pos = strchr(line, '\n');
		if (pos != NULL) {
			pos[0] = '\0';
			pos = &pos[1];
		}
		import_property_from_string(dev, line);
		line = pos;
	}
	return 0;
}

static int import_parent_into_properties(struct udev_device *dev, const char *filter)
{
	struct udev *udev = udev_device_get_udev(dev);
	struct udev_device *dev_parent;
	struct udev_list_entry *list_entry;

	dev_parent = udev_device_get_parent(dev);
	if (dev_parent == NULL)
		return -1;

	dbg(udev, "found parent '%s', get the node name\n", udev_device_get_syspath(dev_parent));
	udev_list_entry_foreach(list_entry, udev_device_get_properties_list_entry(dev_parent)) {
		const char *key = udev_list_entry_get_name(list_entry);
		const char *val = udev_list_entry_get_value(list_entry);

		if (fnmatch(filter, key, 0) == 0) {
			struct udev_list_entry *entry;

			dbg(udev, "import key '%s=%s'\n", key, val);
			entry = udev_device_add_property(dev, key, val);
			/* store in db, skip private keys */
			if (key[0] != '.')
				udev_list_entry_set_flags(entry, 1);
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

#define WAIT_LOOP_PER_SECOND		50
static int wait_for_file(struct udev_device *dev, const char *file, int timeout)
{
	struct udev *udev = udev_device_get_udev(dev);
	char filepath[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
	char devicepath[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
	struct stat stats;
	int loop = timeout * WAIT_LOOP_PER_SECOND;

	/* a relative path is a device attribute */
	devicepath[0] = '\0';
	if (file[0] != '/') {
		util_strscpyl(devicepath, sizeof(devicepath),
			      udev_get_sys_path(udev), udev_device_get_devpath(dev), NULL);
		util_strscpyl(filepath, sizeof(filepath), devicepath, "/", file, NULL);
		file = filepath;
	}

	dbg(udev, "will wait %i sec for '%s'\n", timeout, file);
	while (--loop) {
		const struct timespec duration = { 0, 1000 * 1000 * 1000 / WAIT_LOOP_PER_SECOND };

		/* lookup file */
		if (stat(file, &stats) == 0) {
			info(udev, "file '%s' appeared after %i loops\n", file, (timeout * WAIT_LOOP_PER_SECOND) - loop-1);
			return 0;
		}
		/* make sure, the device did not disappear in the meantime */
		if (devicepath[0] != '\0' && stat(devicepath, &stats) != 0) {
			info(udev, "device disappeared while waiting for '%s'\n", file);
			return -2;
		}
		info(udev, "wait for '%s' for %i mseconds\n", file, 1000 / WAIT_LOOP_PER_SECOND);
		nanosleep(&duration, NULL);
	}
	info(udev, "waiting for '%s' failed\n", file);
	return -1;
}

static int attr_subst_subdir(char *attr, size_t len)
{
	bool found = false;

	if (strstr(attr, "/*/")) {
		char *pos;
		char dirname[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
		const char *tail;
		DIR *dir;

		util_strscpy(dirname, sizeof(dirname), attr);
		pos = strstr(dirname, "/*/");
		if (pos == NULL)
			return -1;
		pos[0] = '\0';
		tail = &pos[2];
		dir = opendir(dirname);
		if (dir != NULL) {
			struct dirent *dent;

			for (dent = readdir(dir); dent != NULL; dent = readdir(dir)) {
				struct stat stats;

				if (dent->d_name[0] == '.')
					continue;
				util_strscpyl(attr, len, dirname, "/", dent->d_name, tail, NULL);
				if (stat(attr, &stats) == 0) {
					found = true;
					break;
				}
			}
			closedir(dir);
		}
	}

	return found;
}

static int get_key(struct udev *udev, char **line, char **key, enum operation_type *op, char **value)
{
	char *linepos;
	char *temp;

	linepos = *line;
	if (linepos == NULL || linepos[0] == '\0')
		return -1;

	/* skip whitespace */
	while (isspace(linepos[0]) || linepos[0] == ',')
		linepos++;

	/* get the key */
	if (linepos[0] == '\0')
		return -1;
	*key = linepos;

	for (;;) {
		linepos++;
		if (linepos[0] == '\0')
			return -1;
		if (isspace(linepos[0]))
			break;
		if (linepos[0] == '=')
			break;
		if ((linepos[0] == '+') || (linepos[0] == '!') || (linepos[0] == ':'))
			if (linepos[1] == '=')
				break;
	}

	/* remember end of key */
	temp = linepos;

	/* skip whitespace after key */
	while (isspace(linepos[0]))
		linepos++;
	if (linepos[0] == '\0')
		return -1;

	/* get operation type */
	if (linepos[0] == '=' && linepos[1] == '=') {
		*op = OP_MATCH;
		linepos += 2;
	} else if (linepos[0] == '!' && linepos[1] == '=') {
		*op = OP_NOMATCH;
		linepos += 2;
	} else if (linepos[0] == '+' && linepos[1] == '=') {
		*op = OP_ADD;
		linepos += 2;
	} else if (linepos[0] == '=') {
		*op = OP_ASSIGN;
		linepos++;
	} else if (linepos[0] == ':' && linepos[1] == '=') {
		*op = OP_ASSIGN_FINAL;
		linepos += 2;
	} else
		return -1;

	/* terminate key */
	temp[0] = '\0';

	/* skip whitespace after operator */
	while (isspace(linepos[0]))
		linepos++;
	if (linepos[0] == '\0')
		return -1;

	/* get the value */
	if (linepos[0] == '"')
		linepos++;
	else
		return -1;
	*value = linepos;

	/* terminate */
	temp = strchr(linepos, '"');
	if (!temp)
		return -1;
	temp[0] = '\0';
	temp++;
	dbg(udev, "%s '%s'-'%s'\n", operation_str(*op), *key, *value);

	/* move line to next key */
	*line = temp;
	return 0;
}

/* extract possible KEY{attr} */
static char *get_key_attribute(struct udev *udev, char *str)
{
	char *pos;
	char *attr;

	attr = strchr(str, '{');
	if (attr != NULL) {
		attr++;
		pos = strchr(attr, '}');
		if (pos == NULL) {
			err(udev, "missing closing brace for format\n");
			return NULL;
		}
		pos[0] = '\0';
		dbg(udev, "attribute='%s'\n", attr);
		return attr;
	}
	return NULL;
}

static int rule_add_key(struct rule_tmp *rule_tmp, enum token_type type,
			enum operation_type op,
			const char *value, const void *data)
{
	struct token *token = &rule_tmp->token[rule_tmp->token_cur];
	const char *attr = NULL;

	memset(token, 0x00, sizeof(struct token));

	switch (type) {
	case TK_M_ACTION:
	case TK_M_DEVPATH:
	case TK_M_KERNEL:
	case TK_M_SUBSYSTEM:
	case TK_M_DRIVER:
	case TK_M_WAITFOR:
	case TK_M_DEVLINK:
	case TK_M_NAME:
	case TK_M_KERNELS:
	case TK_M_SUBSYSTEMS:
	case TK_M_DRIVERS:
	case TK_M_PROGRAM:
	case TK_M_IMPORT_FILE:
	case TK_M_IMPORT_PROG:
	case TK_M_IMPORT_DB:
	case TK_M_IMPORT_CMDLINE:
	case TK_M_IMPORT_PARENT:
	case TK_M_RESULT:
	case TK_A_OWNER:
	case TK_A_GROUP:
	case TK_A_MODE:
	case TK_A_NAME:
	case TK_A_GOTO:
	case TK_M_TAG:
	case TK_A_TAG:
		token->key.value_off = add_string(rule_tmp->rules, value);
		break;
	case TK_M_ENV:
	case TK_M_ATTR:
	case TK_M_ATTRS:
	case TK_A_ATTR:
	case TK_A_ENV:
		attr = data;
		token->key.value_off = add_string(rule_tmp->rules, value);
		token->key.attr_off = add_string(rule_tmp->rules, attr);
		break;
	case TK_A_DEVLINK:
		token->key.value_off = add_string(rule_tmp->rules, value);
		token->key.devlink_unique = *(int *)data;
		break;
	case TK_M_TEST:
		token->key.value_off = add_string(rule_tmp->rules, value);
		if (data != NULL)
			token->key.mode = *(mode_t *)data;
		break;
	case TK_A_STRING_ESCAPE_NONE:
	case TK_A_STRING_ESCAPE_REPLACE:
		break;
	case TK_A_RUN:
		token->key.value_off = add_string(rule_tmp->rules, value);
		token->key.fail_on_error = *(int *)data;
		break;
	case TK_A_INOTIFY_WATCH:
	case TK_A_DEVLINK_PRIO:
		token->key.devlink_prio = *(int *)data;
		break;
	case TK_A_OWNER_ID:
		token->key.uid = *(uid_t *)data;
		break;
	case TK_A_GROUP_ID:
		token->key.gid = *(gid_t *)data;
		break;
	case TK_A_MODE_ID:
		token->key.mode = *(mode_t *)data;
		break;
	case TK_A_STATIC_NODE:
		token->key.value_off = add_string(rule_tmp->rules, value);
		break;
	case TK_A_EVENT_TIMEOUT:
		token->key.event_timeout = *(int *)data;
		break;
	case TK_RULE:
	case TK_M_PARENTS_MIN:
	case TK_M_PARENTS_MAX:
	case TK_M_MAX:
	case TK_END:
	case TK_UNSET:
		err(rule_tmp->rules->udev, "wrong type %u\n", type);
		return -1;
	}

	if (value != NULL && type < TK_M_MAX) {
		/* check if we need to split or call fnmatch() while matching rules */
		enum string_glob_type glob;
		int has_split;
		int has_glob;

		has_split = (strchr(value, '|') != NULL);
		has_glob = (strchr(value, '*') != NULL || strchr(value, '?') != NULL || strchr(value, '[') != NULL);
		if (has_split && has_glob) {
			glob = GL_SPLIT_GLOB;
		} else if (has_split) {
			glob = GL_SPLIT;
		} else if (has_glob) {
			if (strcmp(value, "?*") == 0)
				glob = GL_SOMETHING;
			else
				glob = GL_GLOB;
		} else {
			glob = GL_PLAIN;
		}
		token->key.glob = glob;
	}

	if (value != NULL && type > TK_M_MAX) {
		/* check if assigned value has substitution chars */
		if (value[0] == '[')
			token->key.subst = SB_SUBSYS;
		else if (strchr(value, '%') != NULL || strchr(value, '$') != NULL)
			token->key.subst = SB_FORMAT;
		else
			token->key.subst = SB_NONE;
	}

	if (attr != NULL) {
		/* check if property/attribut name has substitution chars */
		if (attr[0] == '[')
			token->key.attrsubst = SB_SUBSYS;
		else if (strchr(attr, '%') != NULL || strchr(attr, '$') != NULL)
			token->key.attrsubst = SB_FORMAT;
		else
			token->key.attrsubst = SB_NONE;
	}

	token->key.type = type;
	token->key.op = op;
	rule_tmp->token_cur++;
	if (rule_tmp->token_cur >= ARRAY_SIZE(rule_tmp->token)) {
		err(rule_tmp->rules->udev, "temporary rule array too small\n");
		return -1;
	}
	return 0;
}

static int sort_token(struct udev_rules *rules, struct rule_tmp *rule_tmp)
{
	unsigned int i;
	unsigned int start = 0;
	unsigned int end = rule_tmp->token_cur;

	for (i = 0; i < rule_tmp->token_cur; i++) {
		enum token_type next_val = TK_UNSET;
		unsigned int next_idx = 0;
		unsigned int j;

		/* find smallest value */
		for (j = start; j < end; j++) {
			if (rule_tmp->token[j].type == TK_UNSET)
				continue;
			if (next_val == TK_UNSET || rule_tmp->token[j].type < next_val) {
				next_val = rule_tmp->token[j].type;
				next_idx = j;
			}
		}

		/* add token and mark done */
		if (add_token(rules, &rule_tmp->token[next_idx]) != 0)
			return -1;
		rule_tmp->token[next_idx].type = TK_UNSET;

		/* shrink range */
		if (next_idx == start)
			start++;
		if (next_idx+1 == end)
			end--;
	}
	return 0;
}

static int add_rule(struct udev_rules *rules, char *line,
		    const char *filename, unsigned int filename_off, unsigned int lineno)
{
	char *linepos;
	char *attr;
	struct rule_tmp rule_tmp;
	bool bus_warn = false;
	bool sysfs_warn = false;
	bool id_warn = false;

	memset(&rule_tmp, 0x00, sizeof(struct rule_tmp));
	rule_tmp.rules = rules;
	rule_tmp.rule.type = TK_RULE;
	rule_tmp.rule.rule.filename_off = filename_off;
	rule_tmp.rule.rule.filename_line = lineno;

	linepos = line;
	for (;;) {
		char *key;
		char *value;
		enum operation_type op;

		if (get_key(rules->udev, &linepos, &key, &op, &value) != 0)
			break;

		if (strcmp(key, "ACTION") == 0) {
			if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
				err(rules->udev, "invalid ACTION operation\n");
				goto invalid;
			}
			rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_ACTION, op, value, NULL);
			continue;
		}

		if (strcmp(key, "DEVPATH") == 0) {
			if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
				err(rules->udev, "invalid DEVPATH operation\n");
				goto invalid;
			}
			rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_DEVPATH, op, value, NULL);
			continue;
		}

		if (strcmp(key, "KERNEL") == 0) {
			if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
				err(rules->udev, "invalid KERNEL operation\n");
				goto invalid;
			}
			rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_KERNEL, op, value, NULL);
			continue;
		}

		if (strcmp(key, "SUBSYSTEM") == 0) {
			if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
				err(rules->udev, "invalid SUBSYSTEM operation\n");
				goto invalid;
			}
			/* bus, class, subsystem events should all be the same */
			if (strcmp(value, "subsystem") == 0 ||
			    strcmp(value, "bus") == 0 ||
			    strcmp(value, "class") == 0) {
				if (strcmp(value, "bus") == 0 || strcmp(value, "class") == 0)
					err(rules->udev, "'%s' must be specified as 'subsystem' \n"
					    "please fix it in %s:%u", value, filename, lineno);
				rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_SUBSYSTEM, op, "subsystem|class|bus", NULL);
			} else
				rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_SUBSYSTEM, op, value, NULL);
			continue;
		}

		if (strcmp(key, "DRIVER") == 0) {
			if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
				err(rules->udev, "invalid DRIVER operation\n");
				goto invalid;
			}
			rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_DRIVER, op, value, NULL);
			continue;
		}

		if (strncmp(key, "ATTR{", sizeof("ATTR{")-1) == 0) {
			attr = get_key_attribute(rules->udev, key + sizeof("ATTR")-1);
			if (attr == NULL) {
				err(rules->udev, "error parsing ATTR attribute\n");
				goto invalid;
			}
			if (op < OP_MATCH_MAX) {
				rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_ATTR, op, value, attr);
			} else {
				rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_ATTR, op, value, attr);
			}
			continue;
		}

		if (strcmp(key, "KERNELS") == 0) {
			if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
				err(rules->udev, "invalid KERNELS operation\n");
				goto invalid;
			}
			rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_KERNELS, op, value, NULL);
			continue;
		}

		if (strcmp(key, "ID") == 0) {
			if (!id_warn) {
				id_warn = true;
				err(rules->udev, "ID= will be removed in a future udev version, "
				    "please use KERNEL= to match the event device, or KERNELS= "
				    "to match a parent device, in %s:%u\n", filename, lineno);
			}
			if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
				err(rules->udev, "invalid KERNELS operation\n");
				goto invalid;
			}
			rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_KERNELS, op, value, NULL);
			continue;
		}

		if (strcmp(key, "SUBSYSTEMS") == 0) {
			if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
				err(rules->udev, "invalid SUBSYSTEMS operation\n");
				goto invalid;
			}
			rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_SUBSYSTEMS, op, value, NULL);
			continue;
		}

		if (strcmp(key, "BUS") == 0) {
			if (!bus_warn) {
				bus_warn = true;
				err(rules->udev, "BUS= will be removed in a future udev version, "
				    "please use SUBSYSTEM= to match the event device, or SUBSYSTEMS= "
				    "to match a parent device, in %s:%u\n", filename, lineno);
			}
			if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
				err(rules->udev, "invalid SUBSYSTEMS operation\n");
				goto invalid;
			}
			rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_SUBSYSTEMS, op, value, NULL);
			continue;
		}

		if (strcmp(key, "DRIVERS") == 0) {
			if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
				err(rules->udev, "invalid DRIVERS operation\n");
				goto invalid;
			}
			rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_DRIVERS, op, value, NULL);
			continue;
		}

		if (strncmp(key, "ATTRS{", sizeof("ATTRS{")-1) == 0) {
			if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
				err(rules->udev, "invalid ATTRS operation\n");
				goto invalid;
			}
			attr = get_key_attribute(rules->udev, key + sizeof("ATTRS")-1);
			if (attr == NULL) {
				err(rules->udev, "error parsing ATTRS attribute\n");
				goto invalid;
			}
			if (strncmp(attr, "device/", 7) == 0)
				err(rules->udev, "the 'device' link may not be available in a future kernel, "
				    "please fix it in %s:%u", filename, lineno);
			else if (strstr(attr, "../") != NULL)
				err(rules->udev, "do not reference parent sysfs directories directly, "
				    "it may break with a future kernel, please fix it in %s:%u", filename, lineno);
			rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_ATTRS, op, value, attr);
			continue;
		}

		if (strncmp(key, "SYSFS{", sizeof("SYSFS{")-1) == 0) {
			if (!sysfs_warn) {
				sysfs_warn = true;
				err(rules->udev, "SYSFS{}= will be removed in a future udev version, "
				    "please use ATTR{}= to match the event device, or ATTRS{}= "
				    "to match a parent device, in %s:%u\n", filename, lineno);
			}
			if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
				err(rules->udev, "invalid ATTRS operation\n");
				goto invalid;
			}
			attr = get_key_attribute(rules->udev, key + sizeof("ATTRS")-1);
			if (attr == NULL) {
				err(rules->udev, "error parsing ATTRS attribute\n");
				goto invalid;
			}
			rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_ATTRS, op, value, attr);
			continue;
		}

		if (strncmp(key, "ENV{", sizeof("ENV{")-1) == 0) {
			attr = get_key_attribute(rules->udev, key + sizeof("ENV")-1);
			if (attr == NULL) {
				err(rules->udev, "error parsing ENV attribute\n");
				goto invalid;
			}
			if (op < OP_MATCH_MAX) {
				if (rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_ENV, op, value, attr) != 0)
					goto invalid;
			} else {
				if (rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_ENV, op, value, attr) != 0)
					goto invalid;
			}
			continue;
		}

		if (strcmp(key, "TAG") == 0) {
			if (op < OP_MATCH_MAX)
				rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_TAG, op, value, NULL);
			else
				rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_TAG, op, value, NULL);
			continue;
		}

		if (strcmp(key, "PROGRAM") == 0) {
			rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_PROGRAM, op, value, NULL);
			continue;
		}

		if (strcmp(key, "RESULT") == 0) {
			if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
				err(rules->udev, "invalid RESULT operation\n");
				goto invalid;
			}
			rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_RESULT, op, value, NULL);
			continue;
		}

		if (strncmp(key, "IMPORT", sizeof("IMPORT")-1) == 0) {
			attr = get_key_attribute(rules->udev, key + sizeof("IMPORT")-1);
			if (attr != NULL && strstr(attr, "program")) {
				dbg(rules->udev, "IMPORT will be executed\n");
				rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_IMPORT_PROG, op, value, NULL);
			} else if (attr != NULL && strstr(attr, "file")) {
				dbg(rules->udev, "IMPORT will be included as file\n");
				rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_IMPORT_FILE, op, value, NULL);
			} else if (attr != NULL && strstr(attr, "db")) {
				dbg(rules->udev, "IMPORT will include db values\n");
				rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_IMPORT_DB, op, value, NULL);
			} else if (attr != NULL && strstr(attr, "cmdline")) {
				dbg(rules->udev, "IMPORT will include db values\n");
				rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_IMPORT_CMDLINE, op, value, NULL);
			} else if (attr != NULL && strstr(attr, "parent")) {
				dbg(rules->udev, "IMPORT will include the parent values\n");
				rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_IMPORT_PARENT, op, value, NULL);
			} else {
				/* figure it out if it is executable */
				char file[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
				char *pos;
				struct stat statbuf;

				/* allow programs in /lib/udev called without the path */
				if (value[0] != '/')
					util_strscpyl(file, sizeof(file), LIBEXECDIR "/", value, NULL);
				else
					util_strscpy(file, sizeof(file), value);
				pos = strchr(file, ' ');
				if (pos)
					pos[0] = '\0';
				dbg(rules->udev, "IMPORT auto mode for '%s'\n", file);
				if (stat(file, &statbuf) == 0 && (statbuf.st_mode & S_IXUSR)) {
					dbg(rules->udev, "IMPORT will be executed (autotype)\n");
					rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_IMPORT_PROG, op, value, NULL);
				} else {
					dbg(rules->udev, "IMPORT will be included as file (autotype)\n");
					rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_IMPORT_FILE, op, value, NULL);
				}
			}
			continue;
		}

		if (strncmp(key, "TEST", sizeof("TEST")-1) == 0) {
			mode_t mode = 0;

			if (op > OP_MATCH_MAX) {
				err(rules->udev, "invalid TEST operation\n");
				goto invalid;
			}
			attr = get_key_attribute(rules->udev, key + sizeof("TEST")-1);
			if (attr != NULL) {
				mode = strtol(attr, NULL, 8);
				rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_TEST, op, value, &mode);
			} else {
				rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_TEST, op, value, NULL);
			}
			continue;
		}

		if (strncmp(key, "RUN", sizeof("RUN")-1) == 0) {
			int flag = 0;

			attr = get_key_attribute(rules->udev, key + sizeof("RUN")-1);
			if (attr != NULL && strstr(attr, "fail_event_on_error"))
				flag = 1;
			rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_RUN, op, value, &flag);
			continue;
		}

		if (strcmp(key, "WAIT_FOR") == 0 || strcmp(key, "WAIT_FOR_SYSFS") == 0) {
			rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_WAITFOR, 0, value, NULL);
			continue;
		}

		if (strcmp(key, "LABEL") == 0) {
			rule_tmp.rule.rule.label_off = add_string(rules, value);
			continue;
		}

		if (strcmp(key, "GOTO") == 0) {
			rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_GOTO, 0, value, NULL);
			continue;
		}

		if (strncmp(key, "NAME", sizeof("NAME")-1) == 0) {
			if (op < OP_MATCH_MAX) {
				rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_NAME, op, value, NULL);
			} else {
				if (strcmp(value, "%k") == 0) {
					err(rules->udev, "NAME=\"%%k\" is ignored, because it breaks kernel supplied names, "
					    "please remove it from %s:%u\n", filename, lineno);
					continue;
				}
				if (value[0] == '\0') {
					info(rules->udev, "NAME=\"\" is ignored, because udev will not delete any device nodes, "
					     "please remove it from %s:%u\n", filename, lineno);
					continue;
				}
				rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_NAME, op, value, NULL);
			}
			rule_tmp.rule.rule.can_set_name = true;
			continue;
		}

		if (strncmp(key, "SYMLINK", sizeof("SYMLINK")-1) == 0) {
			if (op < OP_MATCH_MAX) {
				rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_M_DEVLINK, op, value, NULL);
			} else {
				int flag = 0;

				attr = get_key_attribute(rules->udev, key + sizeof("SYMLINK")-1);
				if (attr != NULL && strstr(attr, "unique") != NULL)
					flag = 1;
				rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_DEVLINK, op, value, &flag);
			}
			rule_tmp.rule.rule.can_set_name = true;
			continue;
		}

		if (strcmp(key, "OWNER") == 0) {
			uid_t uid;
			char *endptr;

			uid = strtoul(value, &endptr, 10);
			if (endptr[0] == '\0') {
				rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_OWNER_ID, op, NULL, &uid);
			} else if ((rules->resolve_names > 0) && strchr("$%", value[0]) == NULL) {
				uid = add_uid(rules, value);
				rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_OWNER_ID, op, NULL, &uid);
			} else if (rules->resolve_names >= 0) {
				rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_OWNER, op, value, NULL);
			}
			rule_tmp.rule.rule.can_set_name = true;
			continue;
		}

		if (strcmp(key, "GROUP") == 0) {
			gid_t gid;
			char *endptr;

			gid = strtoul(value, &endptr, 10);
			if (endptr[0] == '\0') {
				rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_GROUP_ID, op, NULL, &gid);
			} else if ((rules->resolve_names > 0) && strchr("$%", value[0]) == NULL) {
				gid = add_gid(rules, value);
				rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_GROUP_ID, op, NULL, &gid);
			} else if (rules->resolve_names >= 0) {
				rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_GROUP, op, value, NULL);
			}
			rule_tmp.rule.rule.can_set_name = true;
			continue;
		}

		if (strcmp(key, "MODE") == 0) {
			mode_t mode;
			char *endptr;

			mode = strtol(value, &endptr, 8);
			if (endptr[0] == '\0')
				rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_MODE_ID, op, NULL, &mode);
			else
				rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_MODE, op, value, NULL);
			rule_tmp.rule.rule.can_set_name = true;
			continue;
		}

		if (strcmp(key, "OPTIONS") == 0) {
			const char *pos;

			pos = strstr(value, "link_priority=");
			if (pos != NULL) {
				int prio = atoi(&pos[strlen("link_priority=")]);

				rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_DEVLINK_PRIO, op, NULL, &prio);
				dbg(rules->udev, "link priority=%i\n", prio);
			}
			pos = strstr(value, "event_timeout=");
			if (pos != NULL) {
				int tout = atoi(&pos[strlen("event_timeout=")]);

				rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_EVENT_TIMEOUT, op, NULL, &tout);
				dbg(rules->udev, "event timeout=%i\n", tout);
			}
			pos = strstr(value, "string_escape=");
			if (pos != NULL) {
				pos = &pos[strlen("string_escape=")];
				if (strncmp(pos, "none", strlen("none")) == 0)
					rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_STRING_ESCAPE_NONE, op, NULL, NULL);
				else if (strncmp(pos, "replace", strlen("replace")) == 0)
					rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_STRING_ESCAPE_REPLACE, op, NULL, NULL);
			}
			pos = strstr(value, "nowatch");
			if (pos != NULL) {
				const int off = 0;

				rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_INOTIFY_WATCH, op, NULL, &off);
				dbg(rules->udev, "inotify watch of device disabled\n");
			} else {
				pos = strstr(value, "watch");
				if (pos != NULL) {
					const int on = 1;

					rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_INOTIFY_WATCH, op, NULL, &on);
					dbg(rules->udev, "inotify watch of device requested\n");
				}
			}
			pos = strstr(value, "static_node=");
			if (pos != NULL) {
				rule_add_key(&rule_tmp, TK_A_STATIC_NODE, op, &pos[strlen("static_node=")], NULL);
				rule_tmp.rule.rule.has_static_node = true;
			}
			continue;
		}
		err(rules->udev, "unknown key '%s' in %s:%u\n", key, filename, lineno);
	}

	/* add rule token */
	rule_tmp.rule.rule.token_count = 1 + rule_tmp.token_cur;
	if (add_token(rules, &rule_tmp.rule) != 0)
		goto invalid;

	/* add tokens to list, sorted by type */
	if (sort_token(rules, &rule_tmp) != 0)
		goto invalid;

	return 0;
invalid:
	err(rules->udev, "invalid rule '%s:%u'\n", filename, lineno);
	return -1;
}

static int parse_file(struct udev_rules *rules, const char *filename, unsigned short filename_off)
{
	FILE *f;
	unsigned int first_token;
	char line[UTIL_LINE_SIZE];
	int line_nr = 0;
	unsigned int i;

	info(rules->udev, "reading '%s' as rules file\n", filename);

	f = fopen(filename, "r");
	if (f == NULL)
		return -1;

	first_token = rules->token_cur;

	while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), f) != NULL) {
		char *key;
		size_t len;

		/* skip whitespace */
		line_nr++;
		key = line;
		while (isspace(key[0]))
			key++;

		/* comment */
		if (key[0] == '#')
			continue;

		len = strlen(line);
		if (len < 3)
			continue;

		/* continue reading if backslash+newline is found */
		while (line[len-2] == '\\') {
			if (fgets(&line[len-2], (sizeof(line)-len)+2, f) == NULL)
				break;
			if (strlen(&line[len-2]) < 2)
				break;
			line_nr++;
			len = strlen(line);
		}

		if (len+1 >= sizeof(line)) {
			err(rules->udev, "line too long '%s':%u, ignored\n", filename, line_nr);
			continue;
		}
		add_rule(rules, key, filename, filename_off, line_nr);
	}
	fclose(f);

	/* link GOTOs to LABEL rules in this file to be able to fast-forward */
	for (i = first_token+1; i < rules->token_cur; i++) {
		if (rules->tokens[i].type == TK_A_GOTO) {
			char *label = &rules->buf[rules->tokens[i].key.value_off];
			unsigned int j;

			for (j = i+1; j < rules->token_cur; j++) {
				if (rules->tokens[j].type != TK_RULE)
					continue;
				if (rules->tokens[j].rule.label_off == 0)
					continue;
				if (strcmp(label, &rules->buf[rules->tokens[j].rule.label_off]) != 0)
					continue;
				rules->tokens[i].key.rule_goto = j;
				break;
			}
			if (rules->tokens[i].key.rule_goto == 0)
				err(rules->udev, "GOTO '%s' has no matching label in: '%s'\n", label, filename);
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

static int add_matching_files(struct udev *udev, struct udev_list_node *file_list, const char *dirname, const char *suffix)
{
	DIR *dir;
	char filename[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];

	dbg(udev, "open directory '%s'\n", dirname);
	dir = opendir(dirname);
	if (dir == NULL) {
		info(udev, "unable to open '%s': %m\n", dirname);
		return -1;
	}

	for (;;) {
		struct dirent *dent;

		dent = readdir(dir);
		if (dent == NULL || dent->d_name[0] == '\0')
			break;

		if (dent->d_name[0] == '.')
			continue;

		/* look for file matching with specified suffix */
		if (suffix != NULL) {
			const char *ext;

			ext = strrchr(dent->d_name, '.');
			if (ext == NULL)
				continue;
			if (strcmp(ext, suffix) != 0)
				continue;
		}
		util_strscpyl(filename, sizeof(filename), dirname, "/", dent->d_name, NULL);
		dbg(udev, "put file '%s' into list\n", filename);
		udev_list_entry_add(udev, file_list, filename, NULL, 1, 1);
	}

	closedir(dir);
	return 0;
}

struct udev_rules *udev_rules_new(struct udev *udev, int resolve_names)
{
	struct udev_rules *rules;
	struct stat statbuf;
	struct udev_list_node file_list;
	struct udev_list_entry *file_loop, *file_tmp;
	struct token end_token;

	rules = calloc(1, sizeof(struct udev_rules));
	if (rules == NULL)
		return NULL;
	rules->udev = udev;
	rules->resolve_names = resolve_names;
	udev_list_init(&file_list);

	/* init token array and string buffer */
	rules->tokens = malloc(PREALLOC_TOKEN * sizeof(struct token));
	if (rules->tokens == NULL) {
		free(rules);
		return NULL;
	}
	rules->token_max = PREALLOC_TOKEN;

	rules->buf = malloc(PREALLOC_STRBUF);
	if (rules->buf == NULL) {
		free(rules->tokens);
		free(rules);
		return NULL;
	}
	rules->buf_max = PREALLOC_STRBUF;
	/* offset 0 is always '\0' */
	rules->buf[0] = '\0';
	rules->buf_cur = 1;
	dbg(udev, "prealloc %zu bytes tokens (%u * %zu bytes), %zu bytes buffer\n",
	    rules->token_max * sizeof(struct token), rules->token_max, sizeof(struct token), rules->buf_max);

	rules->trie_nodes = malloc(PREALLOC_TRIE * sizeof(struct trie_node));
	if (rules->trie_nodes == NULL) {
		free(rules->buf);
		free(rules->tokens);
		free(rules);
		return NULL;
	}
	rules->trie_nodes_max = PREALLOC_TRIE;
	/* offset 0 is the trie root, with an empty string */
	memset(rules->trie_nodes, 0x00, sizeof(struct trie_node));
	rules->trie_nodes_cur = 1;

	if (udev_get_rules_path(udev) != NULL) {
		/* custom rules location for testing */
		add_matching_files(udev, &file_list, udev_get_rules_path(udev), ".rules");
	} else {
		char filename[PATH_MAX];
		struct udev_list_node sort_list;
		struct udev_list_entry *sort_loop, *sort_tmp;

		/* read user/custom rules */
		add_matching_files(udev, &file_list, SYSCONFDIR "/udev/rules.d", ".rules");

		/* read dynamic/temporary rules */
		util_strscpyl(filename, sizeof(filename), udev_get_run_path(udev), "/rules.d", NULL);
		udev_list_init(&sort_list);
		add_matching_files(udev, &sort_list, filename, ".rules");

		/* read default rules */
		add_matching_files(udev, &sort_list, LIBEXECDIR "/rules.d", ".rules");

		/* sort all rules files by basename into list of files */
		udev_list_entry_foreach_safe(sort_loop, sort_tmp, udev_list_get_entry(&sort_list)) {
			const char *sort_name = udev_list_entry_get_name(sort_loop);
			const char *sort_base = strrchr(sort_name, '/');

			if (sort_base == NULL)
				continue;
			/* sort entry into existing list */
			udev_list_entry_foreach_safe(file_loop, file_tmp, udev_list_get_entry(&file_list)) {
				const char *file_name = udev_list_entry_get_name(file_loop);
				const char *file_base = strrchr(file_name, '/');

				if (file_base == NULL)
					continue;
				if (strcmp(file_base, sort_base) == 0) {
					info(udev, "rule file basename '%s' already added, ignoring '%s'\n",
					     file_name, sort_name);
					udev_list_entry_delete(sort_loop);
					sort_loop = NULL;
					break;
				}
				if (strcmp(file_base, sort_base) > 0) {
					/* found later file, insert before */
					udev_list_entry_remove(sort_loop);
					udev_list_entry_insert_before(sort_loop, file_loop);
					sort_loop = NULL;
					break;
				}
			}
			/* current file already handled */
			if (sort_loop == NULL)
				continue;
			/* no later file, append to end of list */
			udev_list_entry_remove(sort_loop);
			udev_list_entry_append(sort_loop, &file_list);
		}
	}

	/* add all filenames to the string buffer */
	udev_list_entry_foreach(file_loop, udev_list_get_entry(&file_list)) {
		const char *filename = udev_list_entry_get_name(file_loop);
		unsigned int filename_off;

		filename_off = add_string(rules, filename);
		/* the offset in the rule is limited to unsigned short */
		if (filename_off < USHRT_MAX)
			udev_list_entry_set_flags(file_loop, filename_off);
	}

	/* parse list of files */
	udev_list_entry_foreach_safe(file_loop, file_tmp, udev_list_get_entry(&file_list)) {
		const char *filename = udev_list_entry_get_name(file_loop);
		unsigned int filename_off = udev_list_entry_get_flags(file_loop);

		if (stat(filename, &statbuf) == 0 && statbuf.st_size > 0)
			parse_file(rules, filename, filename_off);
		else
			err(udev, "can not read '%s'\n", filename);
		udev_list_entry_delete(file_loop);
	}

	memset(&end_token, 0x00, sizeof(struct token));
	end_token.type = TK_END;
	add_token(rules, &end_token);

	/* shrink allocated token and string buffer */
	if (rules->token_cur < rules->token_max) {
		struct token *tokens;

		tokens = realloc(rules->tokens, rules->token_cur * sizeof(struct token));
		if (tokens != NULL || rules->token_cur == 0) {
			rules->tokens = tokens;
			rules->token_max = rules->token_cur;
		}
	}
	if (rules->buf_cur < rules->buf_max) {
		char *buf;

		buf = realloc(rules->buf, rules->buf_cur);
		if (buf != NULL || rules->buf_cur == 0) {
			rules->buf = buf;
			rules->buf_max = rules->buf_cur;
		}
	}
	info(udev, "rules use %zu bytes tokens (%u * %zu bytes), %zu bytes buffer\n",
	     rules->token_max * sizeof(struct token), rules->token_max, sizeof(struct token), rules->buf_max);
	info(udev, "temporary index used %zu bytes (%u * %zu bytes)\n",
	     rules->trie_nodes_cur * sizeof(struct trie_node),
	     rules->trie_nodes_cur, sizeof(struct trie_node));

	/* cleanup trie */
	free(rules->trie_nodes);
	rules->trie_nodes = NULL;
	rules->trie_nodes_cur = 0;
	rules->trie_nodes_max = 0;

	/* cleanup uid/gid cache */
	free(rules->uids);
	rules->uids = NULL;
	rules->uids_cur = 0;
	rules->uids_max = 0;
	free(rules->gids);
	rules->gids = NULL;
	rules->gids_cur = 0;
	rules->gids_max = 0;

	dump_rules(rules);
	return rules;
}

void udev_rules_unref(struct udev_rules *rules)
{
	if (rules == NULL)
		return;
	free(rules->tokens);
	free(rules->buf);
	free(rules->trie_nodes);
	free(rules->uids);
	free(rules->gids);
	free(rules);
}

static int match_key(struct udev_rules *rules, struct token *token, const char *val)
{
	char *key_value = &rules->buf[token->key.value_off];
	char *pos;
	bool match = false;

	if (val == NULL)
		val = "";

	switch (token->key.glob) {
	case GL_PLAIN:
		match = (strcmp(key_value, val) == 0);
		break;
	case GL_GLOB:
		match = (fnmatch(key_value, val, 0) == 0);
		break;
	case GL_SPLIT:
		{
			const char *split;
			size_t len;

			split = &rules->buf[token->key.value_off];
			len = strlen(val);
			for (;;) {
				const char *next;

				next = strchr(split, '|');
				if (next != NULL) {
					size_t matchlen = (size_t)(next - split);

					match = (matchlen == len && strncmp(split, val, matchlen) == 0);
					if (match)
						break;
				} else {
					match = (strcmp(split, val) == 0);
					break;
				}
				split = &next[1];
			}
			break;
		}
	case GL_SPLIT_GLOB:
		{
			char value[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];

			util_strscpy(value, sizeof(value), &rules->buf[token->key.value_off]);
			key_value = value;
			while (key_value != NULL) {
				pos = strchr(key_value, '|');
				if (pos != NULL) {
					pos[0] = '\0';
					pos = &pos[1];
				}
				dbg(rules->udev, "match %s '%s' <-> '%s'\n", token_str(token->type), key_value, val);
				match = (fnmatch(key_value, val, 0) == 0);
				if (match)
					break;
				key_value = pos;
			}
			break;
		}
	case GL_SOMETHING:
		match = (val[0] != '\0');
		break;
	case GL_UNSET:
		return -1;
	}

	if (match && (token->key.op == OP_MATCH)) {
		dbg(rules->udev, "%s is true (matching value)\n", token_str(token->type));
		return 0;
	}
	if (!match && (token->key.op == OP_NOMATCH)) {
		dbg(rules->udev, "%s is true (non-matching value)\n", token_str(token->type));
		return 0;
	}
	dbg(rules->udev, "%s is not true\n", token_str(token->type));
	return -1;
}

static int match_attr(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_device *dev, struct udev_event *event, struct token *cur)
{
	const char *name;
	char nbuf[UTIL_NAME_SIZE];
	const char *value;
	char vbuf[UTIL_NAME_SIZE];
	size_t len;

	name = &rules->buf[cur->key.attr_off];
	switch (cur->key.attrsubst) {
	case SB_FORMAT:
		udev_event_apply_format(event, name, nbuf, sizeof(nbuf));
		name = nbuf;
		/* fall through */
	case SB_NONE:
		value = udev_device_get_sysattr_value(dev, name);
		if (value == NULL)
			return -1;
		break;
	case SB_SUBSYS:
		if (util_resolve_subsys_kernel(event->udev, name, vbuf, sizeof(vbuf), 1) != 0)
			return -1;
		value = vbuf;
		break;
	default:
		return -1;
	}

	/* remove trailing whitespace, if not asked to match for it */
	len = strlen(value);
	if (len > 0 && isspace(value[len-1])) {
		const char *key_value;
		size_t klen;

		key_value = &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off];
		klen = strlen(key_value);
		if (klen > 0 && !isspace(key_value[klen-1])) {
			if (value != vbuf) {
				util_strscpy(vbuf, sizeof(vbuf), value);
				value = vbuf;
			}
			while (len > 0 && isspace(vbuf[--len]))
				vbuf[len] = '\0';
			dbg(rules->udev, "removed trailing whitespace from '%s'\n", value);
		}
	}

	return match_key(rules, cur, value);
}

enum escape_type {
	ESCAPE_UNSET,
	ESCAPE_NONE,
	ESCAPE_REPLACE,
};

int udev_rules_apply_to_event(struct udev_rules *rules, struct udev_event *event)
{
	struct token *cur;
	struct token *rule;
	enum escape_type esc = ESCAPE_UNSET;
	bool can_set_name;

	if (rules->tokens == NULL)
		return -1;

	can_set_name = ((strcmp(udev_device_get_action(event->dev), "remove") != 0) &&
			(major(udev_device_get_devnum(event->dev)) > 0 ||
			 udev_device_get_ifindex(event->dev) > 0));

	/* loop through token list, match, run actions or forward to next rule */
	cur = &rules->tokens[0];
	rule = cur;
	for (;;) {
		dump_token(rules, cur);
		switch (cur->type) {
		case TK_RULE:
			/* current rule */
			rule = cur;
			/* possibly skip rules which want to set NAME, SYMLINK, OWNER, GROUP, MODE */
			if (!can_set_name && rule->rule.can_set_name)
				goto nomatch;
			esc = ESCAPE_UNSET;
			break;
		case TK_M_ACTION:
			if (match_key(rules, cur, udev_device_get_action(event->dev)) != 0)
				goto nomatch;
			break;
		case TK_M_DEVPATH:
			if (match_key(rules, cur, udev_device_get_devpath(event->dev)) != 0)
				goto nomatch;
			break;
		case TK_M_KERNEL:
			if (match_key(rules, cur, udev_device_get_sysname(event->dev)) != 0)
				goto nomatch;
			break;
		case TK_M_DEVLINK:
			{
				size_t devlen = strlen(udev_get_dev_path(event->udev))+1;
				struct udev_list_entry *list_entry;
				bool match = false;

				udev_list_entry_foreach(list_entry, udev_device_get_devlinks_list_entry(event->dev)) {
					const char *devlink;

					devlink =  &udev_list_entry_get_name(list_entry)[devlen];
					if (match_key(rules, cur, devlink) == 0) {
						match = true;
						break;
					}
				}
				if (!match)
					goto nomatch;
				break;
			}
		case TK_M_NAME:
			if (match_key(rules, cur, event->name) != 0)
				goto nomatch;
			break;
		case TK_M_ENV:
			{
				const char *key_name = &rules->buf[cur->key.attr_off];
				const char *value;

				value = udev_device_get_property_value(event->dev, key_name);
				if (value == NULL) {
					dbg(event->udev, "ENV{%s} is not set, treat as empty\n", key_name);
					value = "";
				}
				if (match_key(rules, cur, value))
					goto nomatch;
				break;
			}
		case TK_M_TAG:
			{
				struct udev_list_entry *list_entry;
				bool match = false;

				udev_list_entry_foreach(list_entry, udev_device_get_tags_list_entry(event->dev)) {
					if (strcmp(&rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], udev_list_entry_get_name(list_entry)) == 0) {
						match = true;
						break;
					}
				}
				if (!match && (cur->key.op != OP_NOMATCH))
					goto nomatch;
				break;
			}
		case TK_M_SUBSYSTEM:
			if (match_key(rules, cur, udev_device_get_subsystem(event->dev)) != 0)
				goto nomatch;
			break;
		case TK_M_DRIVER:
			if (match_key(rules, cur, udev_device_get_driver(event->dev)) != 0)
				goto nomatch;
			break;
		case TK_M_WAITFOR:
			{
				char filename[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
				int found;

				udev_event_apply_format(event, &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], filename, sizeof(filename));
				found = (wait_for_file(event->dev, filename, 10) == 0);
				if (!found && (cur->key.op != OP_NOMATCH))
					goto nomatch;
				break;
			}
		case TK_M_ATTR:
			if (match_attr(rules, event->dev, event, cur) != 0)
				goto nomatch;
			break;
		case TK_M_KERNELS:
		case TK_M_SUBSYSTEMS:
		case TK_M_DRIVERS:
		case TK_M_ATTRS:
			{
				struct token *next;

				/* get whole sequence of parent matches */
				next = cur;
				while (next->type > TK_M_PARENTS_MIN && next->type < TK_M_PARENTS_MAX)
					next++;

				/* loop over parents */
				event->dev_parent = event->dev;
				for (;;) {
					struct token *key;

					dbg(event->udev, "parent: '%s'\n", udev_device_get_syspath(event->dev_parent));
					/* loop over sequence of parent match keys */
					for (key = cur; key < next; key++ ) {
						dump_token(rules, key);
						switch(key->type) {
						case TK_M_KERNELS:
							if (match_key(rules, key, udev_device_get_sysname(event->dev_parent)) != 0)
								goto try_parent;
							break;
						case TK_M_SUBSYSTEMS:
							if (match_key(rules, key, udev_device_get_subsystem(event->dev_parent)) != 0)
								goto try_parent;
							break;
						case TK_M_DRIVERS:
							if (match_key(rules, key, udev_device_get_driver(event->dev_parent)) != 0)
								goto try_parent;
							break;
						case TK_M_ATTRS:
							if (match_attr(rules, event->dev_parent, event, key) != 0)
								goto try_parent;
							break;
						default:
							goto nomatch;
						}
						dbg(event->udev, "parent key matched\n");
					}
					dbg(event->udev, "all parent keys matched\n");
					/* all keys matched */
					break;

				try_parent:
					event->dev_parent = udev_device_get_parent(event->dev_parent);
					if (event->dev_parent == NULL)
						goto nomatch;
				}
				/* move behind our sequence of parent match keys */
				cur = next;
				continue;
			}
		case TK_M_TEST:
			{
				char filename[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
				struct stat statbuf;
				int match;

				udev_event_apply_format(event, &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], filename, sizeof(filename));
				if (util_resolve_subsys_kernel(event->udev, filename, filename, sizeof(filename), 0) != 0) {
					if (filename[0] != '/') {
						char tmp[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];

						util_strscpy(tmp, sizeof(tmp), filename);
						util_strscpyl(filename, sizeof(filename),
							      udev_device_get_syspath(event->dev), "/", tmp, NULL);
					}
				}
				attr_subst_subdir(filename, sizeof(filename));

				match = (stat(filename, &statbuf) == 0);
				dbg(event->udev, "'%s' %s", filename, match ? "exists\n" : "does not exist\n");
				if (match && cur->key.mode > 0) {
					match = ((statbuf.st_mode & cur->key.mode) > 0);
					dbg(event->udev, "'%s' has mode=%#o and %s %#o\n", filename, statbuf.st_mode,
					    match ? "matches" : "does not match", cur->key.mode);
				}
				if (match && cur->key.op == OP_NOMATCH)
					goto nomatch;
				if (!match && cur->key.op == OP_MATCH)
					goto nomatch;
				break;
			}
		case TK_M_PROGRAM:
			{
				char program[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
				char **envp;
				char result[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];

				free(event->program_result);
				event->program_result = NULL;
				udev_event_apply_format(event, &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], program, sizeof(program));
				envp = udev_device_get_properties_envp(event->dev);
				info(event->udev, "PROGRAM '%s' %s:%u\n",
				     program,
				     &rules->buf[rule->rule.filename_off],
				     rule->rule.filename_line);
				if (util_run_program(event->udev, program, envp, result, sizeof(result), NULL, NULL, false) != 0) {
					if (cur->key.op != OP_NOMATCH)
						goto nomatch;
				} else {
					int count;

					util_remove_trailing_chars(result, '\n');
					if (esc == ESCAPE_UNSET || esc == ESCAPE_REPLACE) {
						count = udev_util_replace_chars(result, UDEV_ALLOWED_CHARS_INPUT);
						if (count > 0)
							info(event->udev, "%i character(s) replaced\n" , count);
					}
					event->program_result = strdup(result);
					dbg(event->udev, "storing result '%s'\n", event->program_result);
					if (cur->key.op == OP_NOMATCH)
						goto nomatch;
				}
				break;
			}
		case TK_M_IMPORT_FILE:
			{
				char import[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];

				udev_event_apply_format(event, &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], import, sizeof(import));
				if (import_file_into_properties(event->dev, import) != 0)
					if (cur->key.op != OP_NOMATCH)
						goto nomatch;
				break;
			}
		case TK_M_IMPORT_PROG:
			{
				char import[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];

				udev_event_apply_format(event, &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], import, sizeof(import));
				info(event->udev, "IMPORT '%s' %s:%u\n",
				     import,
				     &rules->buf[rule->rule.filename_off],
				     rule->rule.filename_line);
				if (import_program_into_properties(event->dev, import) != 0)
					if (cur->key.op != OP_NOMATCH)
						goto nomatch;
				break;
			}
		case TK_M_IMPORT_DB:
			{
				const char *key = &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off];
				const char *value;

				value = udev_device_get_property_value(event->dev_db, key);
				if (value != NULL) {
					struct udev_list_entry *entry;

					entry = udev_device_add_property(event->dev, key, value);
					udev_list_entry_set_flags(entry, 1);
				} else {
					if (cur->key.op != OP_NOMATCH)
						goto nomatch;
				}
				break;
			}
		case TK_M_IMPORT_CMDLINE:
			{
				FILE *f;
				bool imported = false;

				f = fopen("/proc/cmdline", "r");
				if (f != NULL) {
					char cmdline[4096];

					if (fgets(cmdline, sizeof(cmdline), f) != NULL) {
						const char *key = &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off];
						char *pos;

						pos = strstr(cmdline, key);
						if (pos != NULL) {
							struct udev_list_entry *entry;

							pos += strlen(key);
							if (pos[0] == '\0' || isspace(pos[0])) {
								/* we import simple flags as 'FLAG=1' */
								entry = udev_device_add_property(event->dev, key, "1");
								udev_list_entry_set_flags(entry, 1);
								imported = true;
							} else if (pos[0] == '=') {
								const char *value;

								pos++;
								value = pos;
								while (pos[0] != '\0' && !isspace(pos[0]))
									pos++;
								pos[0] = '\0';
								entry = udev_device_add_property(event->dev, key, value);
								udev_list_entry_set_flags(entry, 1);
								imported = true;
							}
						}
					}
					fclose(f);
				}
				if (!imported && cur->key.op != OP_NOMATCH)
					goto nomatch;
				break;
			}
		case TK_M_IMPORT_PARENT:
			{
				char import[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];

				udev_event_apply_format(event, &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], import, sizeof(import));
				if (import_parent_into_properties(event->dev, import) != 0)
					if (cur->key.op != OP_NOMATCH)
						goto nomatch;
				break;
			}
		case TK_M_RESULT:
			if (match_key(rules, cur, event->program_result) != 0)
				goto nomatch;
			break;
		case TK_A_STRING_ESCAPE_NONE:
			esc = ESCAPE_NONE;
			break;
		case TK_A_STRING_ESCAPE_REPLACE:
			esc = ESCAPE_REPLACE;
			break;
		case TK_A_INOTIFY_WATCH:
			if (event->inotify_watch_final)
				break;
			if (cur->key.op == OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
				event->inotify_watch_final = true;
			event->inotify_watch = cur->key.watch;
			break;
		case TK_A_DEVLINK_PRIO:
			udev_device_set_devlink_priority(event->dev, cur->key.devlink_prio);
			break;
		case TK_A_OWNER:
			{
				char owner[UTIL_NAME_SIZE];

				if (event->owner_final)
					break;
				if (cur->key.op == OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
					event->owner_final = true;
				udev_event_apply_format(event, &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], owner, sizeof(owner));
				event->uid = util_lookup_user(event->udev, owner);
				info(event->udev, "OWNER %u %s:%u\n",
				     event->uid,
				     &rules->buf[rule->rule.filename_off],
				     rule->rule.filename_line);
				break;
			}
		case TK_A_GROUP:
			{
				char group[UTIL_NAME_SIZE];

				if (event->group_final)
					break;
				if (cur->key.op == OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
					event->group_final = true;
				udev_event_apply_format(event, &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], group, sizeof(group));
				event->gid = util_lookup_group(event->udev, group);
				info(event->udev, "GROUP %u %s:%u\n",
				     event->gid,
				     &rules->buf[rule->rule.filename_off],
				     rule->rule.filename_line);
				break;
			}
		case TK_A_MODE:
			{
				char mode[UTIL_NAME_SIZE];
				char *endptr;

				if (event->mode_final)
					break;
				if (cur->key.op == OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
					event->mode_final = true;
				udev_event_apply_format(event, &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], mode, sizeof(mode));
				event->mode = strtol(mode, &endptr, 8);
				if (endptr[0] != '\0') {
					err(event->udev, "invalide mode '%s' set default mode 0600\n", mode);
					event->mode = 0600;
				}
				info(event->udev, "MODE %#o %s:%u\n",
				     event->mode,
				     &rules->buf[rule->rule.filename_off],
				     rule->rule.filename_line);
				break;
			}
		case TK_A_OWNER_ID:
			if (event->owner_final)
				break;
			if (cur->key.op == OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
				event->owner_final = true;
			event->uid = cur->key.uid;
			info(event->udev, "OWNER %u %s:%u\n",
			     event->uid,
			     &rules->buf[rule->rule.filename_off],
			     rule->rule.filename_line);
			break;
		case TK_A_GROUP_ID:
			if (event->group_final)
				break;
			if (cur->key.op == OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
				event->group_final = true;
			event->gid = cur->key.gid;
			info(event->udev, "GROUP %u %s:%u\n",
			     event->gid,
			     &rules->buf[rule->rule.filename_off],
			     rule->rule.filename_line);
			break;
		case TK_A_MODE_ID:
			if (event->mode_final)
				break;
			if (cur->key.op == OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
				event->mode_final = true;
			event->mode = cur->key.mode;
			info(event->udev, "MODE %#o %s:%u\n",
			     event->mode,
			     &rules->buf[rule->rule.filename_off],
			     rule->rule.filename_line);
			break;
		case TK_A_STATIC_NODE:
			break;
		case TK_A_ENV:
			{
				const char *name = &rules->buf[cur->key.attr_off];
				char *value = &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off];

				if (value[0] != '\0') {
					char temp_value[UTIL_NAME_SIZE];
					struct udev_list_entry *entry;

					udev_event_apply_format(event, value, temp_value, sizeof(temp_value));
					entry = udev_device_add_property(event->dev, name, temp_value);
					/* store in db, skip private keys */
					if (name[0] != '.')
						udev_list_entry_set_flags(entry, 1);
				} else {
					udev_device_add_property(event->dev, name, NULL);
				}
				break;
			}
		case TK_A_TAG:
			if (cur->key.op == OP_ASSIGN || cur->key.op == OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
				udev_device_cleanup_tags_list(event->dev);
			udev_device_add_tag(event->dev, &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off]);
			break;
		case TK_A_NAME:
			{
				const char *name  = &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off];
				char name_str[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
				int count;

				if (event->name_final)
					break;
				if (cur->key.op == OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
					event->name_final = true;
				udev_event_apply_format(event, name, name_str, sizeof(name_str));
				if (esc == ESCAPE_UNSET || esc == ESCAPE_REPLACE) {
					count = udev_util_replace_chars(name_str, "/");
					if (count > 0)
						info(event->udev, "%i character(s) replaced\n", count);
				}
				free(event->name);
				event->name = strdup(name_str);
				info(event->udev, "NAME '%s' %s:%u\n",
				     event->name,
				     &rules->buf[rule->rule.filename_off],
				     rule->rule.filename_line);
				break;
			}
		case TK_A_DEVLINK:
			{
				char temp[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
				char filename[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
				char *pos, *next;
				int count = 0;

				if (event->devlink_final)
					break;
				if (major(udev_device_get_devnum(event->dev)) == 0)
					break;
				if (cur->key.op == OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
					event->devlink_final = true;
				if (cur->key.op == OP_ASSIGN || cur->key.op == OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
					udev_device_cleanup_devlinks_list(event->dev);

				/* allow  multiple symlinks separated by spaces */
				udev_event_apply_format(event, &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], temp, sizeof(temp));
				if (esc == ESCAPE_UNSET)
					count = udev_util_replace_chars(temp, "/ ");
				else if (esc == ESCAPE_REPLACE)
					count = udev_util_replace_chars(temp, "/");
				if (count > 0)
					info(event->udev, "%i character(s) replaced\n" , count);
				dbg(event->udev, "rule applied, added symlink(s) '%s'\n", temp);
				pos = temp;
				while (isspace(pos[0]))
					pos++;
				next = strchr(pos, ' ');
				while (next != NULL) {
					next[0] = '\0';
					info(event->udev, "LINK '%s' %s:%u\n", pos,
					     &rules->buf[rule->rule.filename_off], rule->rule.filename_line);
					util_strscpyl(filename, sizeof(filename), udev_get_dev_path(event->udev), "/", pos, NULL);
					udev_device_add_devlink(event->dev, filename, cur->key.devlink_unique);
					while (isspace(next[1]))
						next++;
					pos = &next[1];
					next = strchr(pos, ' ');
				}
				if (pos[0] != '\0') {
					info(event->udev, "LINK '%s' %s:%u\n", pos,
					     &rules->buf[rule->rule.filename_off], rule->rule.filename_line);
					util_strscpyl(filename, sizeof(filename), udev_get_dev_path(event->udev), "/", pos, NULL);
					udev_device_add_devlink(event->dev, filename, cur->key.devlink_unique);
				}
			}
			break;
		case TK_A_EVENT_TIMEOUT:
			udev_device_set_event_timeout(event->dev, cur->key.event_timeout);
			break;
		case TK_A_ATTR:
			{
				const char *key_name = &rules->buf[cur->key.attr_off];
				char attr[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
				char value[UTIL_NAME_SIZE];
				FILE *f;

				if (util_resolve_subsys_kernel(event->udev, key_name, attr, sizeof(attr), 0) != 0)
					util_strscpyl(attr, sizeof(attr), udev_device_get_syspath(event->dev), "/", key_name, NULL);
				attr_subst_subdir(attr, sizeof(attr));

				udev_event_apply_format(event, &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], value, sizeof(value));
				info(event->udev, "ATTR '%s' writing '%s' %s:%u\n", attr, value,
				     &rules->buf[rule->rule.filename_off],
				     rule->rule.filename_line);
				f = fopen(attr, "w");
				if (f != NULL) {
					if (fprintf(f, "%s", value) <= 0)
						err(event->udev, "error writing ATTR{%s}: %m\n", attr);
					fclose(f);
				} else {
					err(event->udev, "error opening ATTR{%s} for writing: %m\n", attr);
				}
				break;
			}
		case TK_A_RUN:
			{
				struct udev_list_entry *list_entry;

				if (cur->key.op == OP_ASSIGN || cur->key.op == OP_ASSIGN_FINAL)
					udev_list_cleanup_entries(event->udev, &event->run_list);
				info(event->udev, "RUN '%s' %s:%u\n",
				     &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off],
				     &rules->buf[rule->rule.filename_off],
				     rule->rule.filename_line);
				list_entry = udev_list_entry_add(event->udev, &event->run_list,
								 &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], NULL, 1, 0);
				if (cur->key.fail_on_error)
					udev_list_entry_set_flags(list_entry, 1);
				break;
			}
		case TK_A_GOTO:
			if (cur->key.rule_goto == 0)
				break;
			cur = &rules->tokens[cur->key.rule_goto];
			continue;
		case TK_END:
			return 0;

		case TK_M_PARENTS_MIN:
		case TK_M_PARENTS_MAX:
		case TK_M_MAX:
		case TK_UNSET:
			err(rules->udev, "wrong type %u\n", cur->type);
			goto nomatch;
		}

		cur++;
		continue;
	nomatch:
		/* fast-forward to next rule */
		cur = rule + rule->rule.token_count;
		dbg(rules->udev, "forward to rule: %u\n",
		                 (unsigned int) (cur - rules->tokens));
	}
}

void udev_rules_apply_static_dev_perms(struct udev_rules *rules)
{
	struct token *cur;
	struct token *rule;
	uid_t uid = 0;
	gid_t gid = 0;
	mode_t mode = 0;

	if (rules->tokens == NULL)
		return;

	cur = &rules->tokens[0];
	rule = cur;
	for (;;) {
		switch (cur->type) {
		case TK_RULE:
			/* current rule */
			rule = cur;

			/* skip rules without a static_node tag */
			if (!rule->rule.has_static_node)
				goto next;

			uid = 0;
			gid = 0;
			mode = 0;
			break;
		case TK_A_OWNER_ID:
			uid = cur->key.uid;
			break;
		case TK_A_GROUP_ID:
			gid = cur->key.gid;
			break;
		case TK_A_MODE_ID:
			mode = cur->key.mode;
			break;
		case TK_A_STATIC_NODE: {
			char filename[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
			struct stat stats;
			/* we assure, that the permissions tokens are sorted before the static token */
			if (mode == 0 && uid == 0 && gid == 0)
				goto next;
			util_strscpyl(filename, sizeof(filename), udev_get_dev_path(rules->udev), "/",
				      &rules->buf[cur->key.value_off], NULL);
			if (stat(filename, &stats) != 0)
				goto next;
			if (!S_ISBLK(stats.st_mode) && !S_ISCHR(stats.st_mode))
				goto next;
			if (mode != 0 && mode != (stats.st_mode & 0777)) {
				chmod(filename, mode);
				info(rules->udev, "chmod '%s' %#o\n", filename, mode);
			}
			if ((uid != 0 && uid != stats.st_uid) || (gid != 0 && gid != stats.st_gid)) {
				chown(filename, uid, gid);
				info(rules->udev, "chown '%s' %u %u\n", filename, uid, gid);
			}
			utimensat(AT_FDCWD, filename, NULL, 0);
			break;
		}
		case TK_END:
			return;
		}

		cur++;
		continue;
next:
		/* fast-forward to next rule */
		cur = rule + rule->rule.token_count;
		continue;
	}
}