systemd/README

udev - userspace device management

For more information see the files in the docs/ directory.

Important Note:
  Integrating udev in the system has complex dependencies and differs from distro
  to distro. All major distros depend on udev these days and the system may not
  work without a properly installed version. The upstream udev project does not
  recommend to replace a distro's udev installation with the upstream version.

Requirements:
  - Version 2.6.25 of the Linux kernel with sysfs, procfs, signalfd, inotify,
    unix domain sockets, networking and hotplug enabled:
      CONFIG_HOTPLUG=y
      CONFIG_UEVENT_HELPER_PATH=""
      CONFIG_NET=y
      CONFIG_UNIX=y
      CONFIG_SYSFS=y
      CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED*=n
      CONFIG_PROC_FS=y
      CONFIG_TMPFS=y
      CONFIG_TMPFS_POSIX_ACL=y
      CONFIG_INOTIFY=y
      CONFIG_SIGNALFD=y

  - For reliable operation, the kernel must not use the CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED*
    option.

  - Unix domain sockets (CONFIG_UNIX) as a loadable kernel module is not
    supported.

  - The proc filesystem must be mounted on /proc/, the sysfs filesystem must
    be mounted at /sys/. No other locations are supported by udev.

  - The system must have the following group names resolvable at udev startup:
      disk, cdrom, floppy, tape, audio, video, lp, tty, dialout, kmem.
    Especially in LDAP setups, it is required, that getgrnam() is able to resolve
    these group names with only the rootfs mounted, and while no network is
    available.

Operation:
  Udev creates and removes device nodes in /dev/, based on events the kernel
  sends out on device discovery or removal.

  - Early in the boot process, the /dev/ directory should get a 'tmpfs'
    filesystem mounted, which is maintained by udev. Created nodes or changed
    permissions will not survive a reboot, which is intentional.

  - The content of /lib/udev/devices/ directory which contains the nodes,
    symlinks and directories, which are always expected to be in /dev, should
    be copied over to the tmpfs mounted /dev, to provide the required nodes
    to initialize udev and continue booting.

  - The old hotplug helper /sbin/hotplug should be disabled in the kernel
    configuration, it is not needed, and may render the system unusable
    because of a fork-bombing behavior.

  - All kernel events are matched against a set of specified rules in
    /lib/udev/rules.d/ which make it possible to hook into the event
    processing to load required kernel modules and setup devices. For all
    devices the kernel exports a major/minor number, udev will create a
    device node with the default kernel name, or the one specified by a
    matching udev rule.

Please direct any comment/question/concern to the linux-hotplug mailing list at:
  linux-hotplug@vger.kernel.org