systemd/man/systemd-run.xml

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<refentry id="systemd-run">

  <refentryinfo>
    <title>systemd-run</title>
    <productname>systemd</productname>

    <authorgroup>
      <author>
        <contrib>Developer</contrib>
        <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
        <surname>Poettering</surname>
        <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>
  </refentryinfo>

  <refmeta>
    <refentrytitle>systemd-run</refentrytitle>
    <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
  </refmeta>

  <refnamediv>
    <refname>systemd-run</refname>
    <refpurpose>Run programs in transient scope or service units</refpurpose>
  </refnamediv>

  <refsynopsisdiv>
    <cmdsynopsis>
      <command>systemd-run</command>
      <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
      <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable>
      <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">ARGS</arg>
      </arg>
    </cmdsynopsis>
  </refsynopsisdiv>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Description</title>

    <para><command>systemd-run</command> may be used to create and start
    a transient <filename>.service</filename> or a
    <filename>.scope</filename> unit and run the specified
    <replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable> in it.</para>

    <para>If a command is run as transient service unit, it will be
    started and managed by the service manager like any other service,
    and thus show up in the output of <command>systemctl
    list-units</command> like any other unit. It will run in a clean
    and detached execution environment. <command>systemd-run</command>
    will start the service asynchronously in the background and
    immediately return.</para>

    <para>If a command is run as transient scope unit, it will be
    started directly by <command>systemd-run</command> and thus
    inherit the execution environment of the caller. It is however
    managed by the service manager similar to normal services, and
    will also show up in the output of <command>systemctl
    list-units</command>. Execution in this case is synchronous, and
    execution will return only when the command finishes.</para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Options</title>

    <para>The following options are understood:</para>

    <variablelist>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>-h</option></term>
        <term><option>--help</option></term>

        <listitem><para>Prints a short help
        text and exits.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--version</option></term>

        <listitem><para>Prints a short version
        string and exits.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--user</option></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Talk to the service manager of the calling user,
          rather than the service manager of the system.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--system</option></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Talk to the service manager of the system. This is the
          implied default.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
              <term><option>-H</option></term>
              <term><option>--host=</option></term>

              <listitem><para>Execute the operation
              remotely. Specify a hostname, or
              username and hostname separated by <literal>@</literal>,
              to connect to. This will use SSH to
              talk to the remote machine manager
              instance.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
              <term><option>-M</option></term>
              <term><option>--machine=</option></term>

              <listitem><para>Execute the operation on a
              local container. Specify a container
              name to connect to.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--scope</option></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Create a transient <filename>.scope</filename> unit instead of
          the default transient <filename>.service</filename> unit.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--unit=</option></term>

        <listitem><para>Use this unit name instead of an automatically
        generated one.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--description=</option></term>

        <listitem><para>Provide description for the unit. If not
        specified, the command itself will be used as a description.
        See <varname>Description=</varname> in
        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
        </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--slice=</option></term>

        <listitem><para>Make the new <filename>.service</filename> or
        <filename>.scope</filename> unit part of the specified slice,
        instead of the <filename>system.slice</filename>.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--remain-after-exit</option></term>

        <listitem><para>After the service's process has terminated, keep
        the service around until it is explicitly stopped. This is
        useful to collect runtime information about the service after
        it finished running. Also see
        <varname>RemainAfterExit=</varname> in
        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
        </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--send-sighup</option></term>

        <listitem><para>When terminating the scope unit, send a SIGHUP
        immediately after SIGTERM. This is useful to indicate to
        shells and shell-like processes that the connection has been
        severed. Also see <varname>SendSIGHUP=</varname> in
        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
        </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>

    <para>All command-line arguments after the first non-option
    argument become part of the commandline of the launched
    process. If a command is run as service unit, its first argument
    needs to be an absolute binary path.</para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Exit status</title>

    <para>On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
    code otherwise.</para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Example</title>

    <para>The following command will log the environment variables
    provided by systemd to services:</para>

    <programlisting># systemd-run env
Running as unit run-19945.service.
# journalctl -u run-19945.service
Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis systemd[1]: Starting /usr/bin/env...
Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis systemd[1]: Started /usr/bin/env.
Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis env[19948]: PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis env[19948]: LANG=en_US.UTF-8
Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis env[19948]: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-3.11.0-0.rc5.git6.2.fc20.x86_64
    </programlisting>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>See Also</title>
    <para>
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.scope</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.slice</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machinectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
    </para>
  </refsect1>

</refentry>