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man: provide a basic guide to the systemctl status
output (#4950)
- Show example of all `systemctl status` output and documents what possible "Loaded:", "Active" and "Enabled" values mean. - Documents what different colors of the dot mean. - Documents "gotcha" with load-on-demand behavior which will report units as "loaded" even if they are only loaded to show their status. (From @poettering: https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/5063#issuecomment-272115024 )
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@ -876,6 +876,56 @@ kobject-uevent 1 systemd-udevd-kernel.socket systemd-udevd.service
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a similar filter for messages and might be more
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convenient.
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</para>
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<para>Systemd implicitly loads units as necessary, so just running the <command>status</command> will
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attempt to load a file. The command is thus not useful for determining if something was already loaded or
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not. The units may possibly also be quickly unloaded after the operation is completed if there's no reason
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to keep it in memory thereafter.
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</para>
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<example>
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<title>Example output from systemctl status </title>
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<programlisting>$ systemctl status bluetooth
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● bluetooth.service - Bluetooth service
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Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/bluetooth.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
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Active: active (running) since Wed 2017-01-04 13:54:04 EST; 1 weeks 0 days ago
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Docs: man:bluetoothd(8)
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Main PID: 930 (bluetoothd)
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Status: "Running"
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Tasks: 1
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Memory: 648.0K
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CPU: 435ms
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CGroup: /system.slice/bluetooth.service
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└─930 /usr/lib/bluetooth/bluetoothd
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Jan 12 10:46:45 example.com bluetoothd[8900]: Not enough free handles to register service
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Jan 12 10:46:45 example.com.com bluetoothd[8900]: Current Time Service could not be registered
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Jan 12 10:46:45 example.com.com bluetoothd[8900]: gatt-time-server: Input/output error (5)
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</programlisting>
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<para>The dot ("●") uses color on supported terminals to summarize the unit state at a glance. White
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indicates an <literal>inactive</literal> or <literal>deactivating</literal> state. Red indicates a
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<literal>failed</literal> or <literal>error</literal> state and green indicates an
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<literal>active</literal>, <literal>reloading</literal> or <literal>activating</literal> state.
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</para>
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<para>The "Loaded:" line in the output will show <literal>loaded</literal> if the unit has been loaded into
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memory. Other possible values for "Loaded:" include: <literal>error</literal> if there was a problem
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loading it, <literal>not-found</literal>, and <literal>masked</literal>. Along with showing the path to
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the unit file, this line will also show the enablement state. Enabled commands start at boot. See the
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full table of possible enablement states — including the definition of <literal>masked</literal> — in the
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documentation for the <command>is-enabled</command> command.
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</para>
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<para>The "Active:" line shows active state. The value is usually <literal>active</literal> or
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<literal>inactive</literal>. Active could mean started, bound, plugged in, etc depending on the unit type.
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The unit could also be in process of changing states, reporting a state of <literal>activating</literal> or
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<literal>deactivating</literal>. A special <literal>failed</literal> state is entered when the service
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failed in some way, such as a crash, exiting with an error code or timing out. If the failed state is
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entered the cause will be logged for later reference.</para>
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</example>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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