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mirror of https://github.com/systemd/systemd.git synced 2024-12-22 17:35:35 +03:00

Introduce suspend-to-hibernate (#8274)

Suspend to Hibernate is a new sleep method that invokes suspend
for a predefined period of time before automatically waking up
and hibernating the system.

It's similar to HybridSleep however there isn't a performance
impact on every suspend cycle.

It's intended to use with systems that may have a higher power
drain in their supported suspend states to prevent battery and
data loss over an extended suspend cycle.

Signed-off-by: Mario Limonciello <mario.limonciello@dell.com>
This commit is contained in:
Mario Limonciello 2018-03-08 21:17:33 +08:00 committed by Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
parent fc17f194de
commit c58493c00a
20 changed files with 315 additions and 46 deletions

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@ -175,7 +175,8 @@
<literal>kexec</literal>, <literal>kexec</literal>,
<literal>suspend</literal>, <literal>suspend</literal>,
<literal>hibernate</literal>, <literal>hibernate</literal>,
<literal>hybrid-sleep</literal>, and <literal>hybrid-sleep</literal>,
<literal>suspend-to-hibernate</literal>, and
<literal>lock</literal>. <literal>lock</literal>.
Defaults to <literal>ignore</literal>.</para> Defaults to <literal>ignore</literal>.</para>
@ -224,7 +225,8 @@
<literal>kexec</literal>, <literal>kexec</literal>,
<literal>suspend</literal>, <literal>suspend</literal>,
<literal>hibernate</literal>, <literal>hibernate</literal>,
<literal>hybrid-sleep</literal>, and <literal>hybrid-sleep</literal>,
<literal>suspend-to-hibernate</literal>, and
<literal>lock</literal>. <literal>lock</literal>.
If <literal>ignore</literal>, logind will never handle these If <literal>ignore</literal>, logind will never handle these
keys. If <literal>lock</literal>, all running sessions will be keys. If <literal>lock</literal>, all running sessions will be

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@ -626,6 +626,7 @@ manpages = [
'8', '8',
['systemd-hibernate.service', ['systemd-hibernate.service',
'systemd-hybrid-sleep.service', 'systemd-hybrid-sleep.service',
'systemd-suspend-to-hibernate.service',
'systemd-sleep'], 'systemd-sleep'],
''], ''],
['systemd-sysctl.service', '8', ['systemd-sysctl'], ''], ['systemd-sysctl.service', '8', ['systemd-sysctl'], ''],

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@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
<refsect1> <refsect1>
<title>Description</title> <title>Description</title>
<para><command>systemd</command> supports three general <para><command>systemd</command> supports four general
power-saving modes:</para> power-saving modes:</para>
<variablelist> <variablelist>
@ -102,6 +102,17 @@
suspend-to-both by the kernel. suspend-to-both by the kernel.
</para></listitem> </para></listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>suspend-to-hibernate</term>
<listitem><para>A low power state where the system is initially suspended
(the state is stored in RAM). If not interrupted within the delay specified by
<command>HibernateDelaySec=</command>, the system will be woken using an RTC
alarm and hibernated (the state is then stored on disk).
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist> </variablelist>
<para>Settings in these files determine what strings <para>Settings in these files determine what strings
@ -134,8 +145,9 @@
<filename>/sys/power/disk</filename> by, <filename>/sys/power/disk</filename> by,
respectively, respectively,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-suspend.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-suspend.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-hibernate.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, or <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-hibernate.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-hybrid-sleep.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-hybrid-sleep.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, or
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-suspend-to-hibernate.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
More than one value can be specified by separating More than one value can be specified by separating
multiple values with whitespace. They will be tried multiple values with whitespace. They will be tried
in turn, until one is written without error. If in turn, until one is written without error. If
@ -152,14 +164,24 @@
<filename>/sys/power/state</filename> by, <filename>/sys/power/state</filename> by,
respectively, respectively,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-suspend.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-suspend.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-hibernate.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, or <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-hibernate.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-hybrid-sleep.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-hybrid-sleep.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, or
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-suspend-to-hibernate.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
More than one value can be specified by separating More than one value can be specified by separating
multiple values with whitespace. They will be tried multiple values with whitespace. They will be tried
in turn, until one is written without error. If in turn, until one is written without error. If
neither succeeds, the operation will be aborted. neither succeeds, the operation will be aborted.
</para></listitem> </para></listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>HibernateDelaySec=</varname></term>
<listitem><para>The amount of time in seconds
that will pass before the system is automatically
put into hibernate when using
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-suspend-to-hibernate.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist> </variablelist>
</refsect1> </refsect1>
@ -180,6 +202,7 @@ SuspendState=freeze</programlisting></para>
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-suspend.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-suspend.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-hibernate.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-hibernate.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-hybrid-sleep.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-hybrid-sleep.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-suspend-to-hibernate.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.directives</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.directives</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
</para> </para>

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@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
<refname>systemd-suspend.service</refname> <refname>systemd-suspend.service</refname>
<refname>systemd-hibernate.service</refname> <refname>systemd-hibernate.service</refname>
<refname>systemd-hybrid-sleep.service</refname> <refname>systemd-hybrid-sleep.service</refname>
<refname>systemd-suspend-to-hibernate.service</refname>
<refname>systemd-sleep</refname> <refname>systemd-sleep</refname>
<refpurpose>System sleep state logic</refpurpose> <refpurpose>System sleep state logic</refpurpose>
</refnamediv> </refnamediv>
@ -58,6 +59,7 @@
<para><filename>systemd-suspend.service</filename></para> <para><filename>systemd-suspend.service</filename></para>
<para><filename>systemd-hibernate.service</filename></para> <para><filename>systemd-hibernate.service</filename></para>
<para><filename>systemd-hybrid-sleep.service</filename></para> <para><filename>systemd-hybrid-sleep.service</filename></para>
<para><filename>systemd-suspend-to-hibernate.service</filename></para>
<para><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/system-sleep</filename></para> <para><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/system-sleep</filename></para>
</refsynopsisdiv> </refsynopsisdiv>
@ -72,7 +74,9 @@
hibernation. Finally, hibernation. Finally,
<filename>systemd-hybrid-sleep.service</filename> is pulled in by <filename>systemd-hybrid-sleep.service</filename> is pulled in by
<filename>hybrid-sleep.target</filename> to execute hybrid <filename>hybrid-sleep.target</filename> to execute hybrid
hibernation with system suspend.</para> hibernation with system suspend and pulled in by
<filename>suspend-to-hibernate.target</filename> to execute system suspend
with a timeout that will activate hibernate later.</para>
<para>Immediately before entering system suspend and/or <para>Immediately before entering system suspend and/or
hibernation <filename>systemd-suspend.service</filename> (and the hibernation <filename>systemd-suspend.service</filename> (and the
@ -80,8 +84,9 @@
<filename>/usr/lib/systemd/system-sleep/</filename> and pass two <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/system-sleep/</filename> and pass two
arguments to them. The first argument will be arguments to them. The first argument will be
<literal>pre</literal>, the second either <literal>pre</literal>, the second either
<literal>suspend</literal>, <literal>hibernate</literal>, or <literal>suspend</literal>, <literal>hibernate</literal>,
<literal>hybrid-sleep</literal> depending on the chosen action. <literal>hybrid-sleep</literal>, or <literal>suspend-to-hibernate</literal>
depending on the chosen action.
Immediately after leaving system suspend and/or hibernation the Immediately after leaving system suspend and/or hibernation the
same executables are run, but the first argument is now same executables are run, but the first argument is now
<literal>post</literal>. All executables in this directory are <literal>post</literal>. All executables in this directory are
@ -100,6 +105,7 @@
<filename>systemd-suspend.service</filename>, <filename>systemd-suspend.service</filename>,
<filename>systemd-hibernate.service</filename>, and <filename>systemd-hibernate.service</filename>, and
<filename>systemd-hybrid-sleep.service</filename> <filename>systemd-hybrid-sleep.service</filename>
<filename>systemd-suspend-to-hibernate.service</filename>
should never be executed directly. Instead, trigger system sleep should never be executed directly. Instead, trigger system sleep
states with a command such as <literal>systemctl suspend</literal> states with a command such as <literal>systemctl suspend</literal>
or similar.</para> or similar.</para>
@ -128,9 +134,10 @@
<term><option>suspend</option></term> <term><option>suspend</option></term>
<term><option>hibernate</option></term> <term><option>hibernate</option></term>
<term><option>hybrid-sleep</option></term> <term><option>hybrid-sleep</option></term>
<term><option>suspend-to-hibernate</option></term>
<listitem><para>Suspend, hibernate, or put the system to <listitem><para>Suspend, hibernate, suspend to hibernate, or put the
hybrid sleep.</para> system to hybrid sleep.</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
</variablelist> </variablelist>

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@ -65,6 +65,7 @@
<filename>halt.target</filename>, <filename>halt.target</filename>,
<filename>hibernate.target</filename>, <filename>hibernate.target</filename>,
<filename>hybrid-sleep.target</filename>, <filename>hybrid-sleep.target</filename>,
<filename>suspend-to-hibernate.target</filename>,
<filename>initrd-fs.target</filename>, <filename>initrd-fs.target</filename>,
<filename>initrd-root-device.target</filename>, <filename>initrd-root-device.target</filename>,
<filename>initrd-root-fs.target</filename>, <filename>initrd-root-fs.target</filename>,
@ -307,6 +308,15 @@
<filename>sleep.target</filename>.</para> <filename>sleep.target</filename>.</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><filename>suspend-to-hibernate.target</filename></term>
<listitem>
<para>A special target unit for suspending the system for a period
of time, waking it and putting it into hibernate. This pulls in
<filename>sleep.target</filename>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <varlistentry>
<term><filename>halt.target</filename></term> <term><filename>halt.target</filename></term>
<listitem> <listitem>

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@ -205,8 +205,9 @@ _systemctl () {
[JOBS]='cancel' [JOBS]='cancel'
[ENVS]='set-environment unset-environment import-environment' [ENVS]='set-environment unset-environment import-environment'
[STANDALONE]='daemon-reexec daemon-reload default [STANDALONE]='daemon-reexec daemon-reload default
emergency exit halt hibernate hybrid-sleep kexec list-jobs emergency exit halt hibernate hybrid-sleep
list-sockets list-timers list-units list-unit-files poweroff suspend-to-hibernate kexec list-jobs list-sockets
list-timers list-units list-unit-files poweroff
reboot rescue show-environment suspend get-default reboot rescue show-environment suspend get-default
is-system-running preset-all' is-system-running preset-all'
[FILE]='link switch-root' [FILE]='link switch-root'

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@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
"force-reload:Reload one or more units if possible, otherwise restart if active" "force-reload:Reload one or more units if possible, otherwise restart if active"
"hibernate:Hibernate the system" "hibernate:Hibernate the system"
"hybrid-sleep:Hibernate and suspend the system" "hybrid-sleep:Hibernate and suspend the system"
"suspend-to-hibernate:Suspend the system for a period of time, and then hibernate it"
"try-reload-or-restart:Reload one or more units if possible, otherwise restart if active" "try-reload-or-restart:Reload one or more units if possible, otherwise restart if active"
"isolate:Start one unit and stop all others" "isolate:Start one unit and stop all others"
"kill:Send signal to processes of a unit" "kill:Send signal to processes of a unit"

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@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
#define SPECIAL_SUSPEND_TARGET "suspend.target" #define SPECIAL_SUSPEND_TARGET "suspend.target"
#define SPECIAL_HIBERNATE_TARGET "hibernate.target" #define SPECIAL_HIBERNATE_TARGET "hibernate.target"
#define SPECIAL_HYBRID_SLEEP_TARGET "hybrid-sleep.target" #define SPECIAL_HYBRID_SLEEP_TARGET "hybrid-sleep.target"
#define SPECIAL_SUSPEND_TO_HIBERNATE_TARGET "suspend-to-hibernate.target"
/* Special boot targets */ /* Special boot targets */
#define SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET "rescue.target" #define SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET "rescue.target"

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@ -47,7 +47,8 @@ int manager_handle_action(
[HANDLE_KEXEC] = "Rebooting via kexec...", [HANDLE_KEXEC] = "Rebooting via kexec...",
[HANDLE_SUSPEND] = "Suspending...", [HANDLE_SUSPEND] = "Suspending...",
[HANDLE_HIBERNATE] = "Hibernating...", [HANDLE_HIBERNATE] = "Hibernating...",
[HANDLE_HYBRID_SLEEP] = "Hibernating and suspending..." [HANDLE_HYBRID_SLEEP] = "Hibernating and suspending...",
[HANDLE_SUSPEND_TO_HIBERNATE] = "Suspending to hibernate...",
}; };
static const char * const target_table[_HANDLE_ACTION_MAX] = { static const char * const target_table[_HANDLE_ACTION_MAX] = {
@ -57,7 +58,8 @@ int manager_handle_action(
[HANDLE_KEXEC] = SPECIAL_KEXEC_TARGET, [HANDLE_KEXEC] = SPECIAL_KEXEC_TARGET,
[HANDLE_SUSPEND] = SPECIAL_SUSPEND_TARGET, [HANDLE_SUSPEND] = SPECIAL_SUSPEND_TARGET,
[HANDLE_HIBERNATE] = SPECIAL_HIBERNATE_TARGET, [HANDLE_HIBERNATE] = SPECIAL_HIBERNATE_TARGET,
[HANDLE_HYBRID_SLEEP] = SPECIAL_HYBRID_SLEEP_TARGET [HANDLE_HYBRID_SLEEP] = SPECIAL_HYBRID_SLEEP_TARGET,
[HANDLE_SUSPEND_TO_HIBERNATE] = SPECIAL_SUSPEND_TO_HIBERNATE_TARGET,
}; };
_cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL; _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
@ -110,6 +112,8 @@ int manager_handle_action(
supported = can_sleep("hibernate") > 0; supported = can_sleep("hibernate") > 0;
else if (handle == HANDLE_HYBRID_SLEEP) else if (handle == HANDLE_HYBRID_SLEEP)
supported = can_sleep("hybrid-sleep") > 0; supported = can_sleep("hybrid-sleep") > 0;
else if (handle == HANDLE_SUSPEND_TO_HIBERNATE)
supported = can_sleep("suspend-to-hibernate") > 0;
else if (handle == HANDLE_KEXEC) else if (handle == HANDLE_KEXEC)
supported = access(KEXEC, X_OK) >= 0; supported = access(KEXEC, X_OK) >= 0;
else else
@ -125,7 +129,9 @@ int manager_handle_action(
return -EALREADY; return -EALREADY;
} }
inhibit_operation = IN_SET(handle, HANDLE_SUSPEND, HANDLE_HIBERNATE, HANDLE_HYBRID_SLEEP) ? INHIBIT_SLEEP : INHIBIT_SHUTDOWN; inhibit_operation = IN_SET(handle, HANDLE_SUSPEND, HANDLE_HIBERNATE,
HANDLE_HYBRID_SLEEP,
HANDLE_SUSPEND_TO_HIBERNATE) ? INHIBIT_SLEEP : INHIBIT_SHUTDOWN;
/* If the actual operation is inhibited, warn and fail */ /* If the actual operation is inhibited, warn and fail */
if (!ignore_inhibited && if (!ignore_inhibited &&
@ -172,6 +178,7 @@ static const char* const handle_action_table[_HANDLE_ACTION_MAX] = {
[HANDLE_SUSPEND] = "suspend", [HANDLE_SUSPEND] = "suspend",
[HANDLE_HIBERNATE] = "hibernate", [HANDLE_HIBERNATE] = "hibernate",
[HANDLE_HYBRID_SLEEP] = "hybrid-sleep", [HANDLE_HYBRID_SLEEP] = "hybrid-sleep",
[HANDLE_SUSPEND_TO_HIBERNATE] = "suspend-to-hibernate",
[HANDLE_LOCK] = "lock" [HANDLE_LOCK] = "lock"
}; };

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@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ typedef enum HandleAction {
HANDLE_SUSPEND, HANDLE_SUSPEND,
HANDLE_HIBERNATE, HANDLE_HIBERNATE,
HANDLE_HYBRID_SLEEP, HANDLE_HYBRID_SLEEP,
HANDLE_SUSPEND_TO_HIBERNATE,
HANDLE_LOCK, HANDLE_LOCK,
_HANDLE_ACTION_MAX, _HANDLE_ACTION_MAX,
_HANDLE_ACTION_INVALID = -1 _HANDLE_ACTION_INVALID = -1

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@ -1933,6 +1933,20 @@ static int method_hybrid_sleep(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_e
error); error);
} }
static int method_suspend_to_hibernate(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
Manager *m = userdata;
return method_do_shutdown_or_sleep(
m, message,
SPECIAL_SUSPEND_TO_HIBERNATE_TARGET,
INHIBIT_SLEEP,
"org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate",
"org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate-multiple-sessions",
"org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate-ignore-inhibit",
"hybrid-sleep",
error);
}
static int nologin_timeout_handler( static int nologin_timeout_handler(
sd_event_source *s, sd_event_source *s,
uint64_t usec, uint64_t usec,
@ -2386,6 +2400,19 @@ static int method_can_hybrid_sleep(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_b
error); error);
} }
static int method_can_suspend_to_hibernate(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
Manager *m = userdata;
return method_can_shutdown_or_sleep(
m, message,
INHIBIT_SLEEP,
"org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate",
"org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate-multiple-sessions",
"org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate-ignore-inhibit",
"suspend-to-hibernate",
error);
}
static int property_get_reboot_to_firmware_setup( static int property_get_reboot_to_firmware_setup(
sd_bus *bus, sd_bus *bus,
const char *path, const char *path,
@ -2706,12 +2733,14 @@ const sd_bus_vtable manager_vtable[] = {
SD_BUS_METHOD("Suspend", "b", NULL, method_suspend, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED), SD_BUS_METHOD("Suspend", "b", NULL, method_suspend, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
SD_BUS_METHOD("Hibernate", "b", NULL, method_hibernate, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED), SD_BUS_METHOD("Hibernate", "b", NULL, method_hibernate, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
SD_BUS_METHOD("HybridSleep", "b", NULL, method_hybrid_sleep, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED), SD_BUS_METHOD("HybridSleep", "b", NULL, method_hybrid_sleep, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
SD_BUS_METHOD("SuspendToHibernate", "b", NULL, method_suspend_to_hibernate, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
SD_BUS_METHOD("CanPowerOff", NULL, "s", method_can_poweroff, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED), SD_BUS_METHOD("CanPowerOff", NULL, "s", method_can_poweroff, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
SD_BUS_METHOD("CanReboot", NULL, "s", method_can_reboot, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED), SD_BUS_METHOD("CanReboot", NULL, "s", method_can_reboot, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
SD_BUS_METHOD("CanHalt", NULL, "s", method_can_halt, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED), SD_BUS_METHOD("CanHalt", NULL, "s", method_can_halt, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
SD_BUS_METHOD("CanSuspend", NULL, "s", method_can_suspend, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED), SD_BUS_METHOD("CanSuspend", NULL, "s", method_can_suspend, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
SD_BUS_METHOD("CanHibernate", NULL, "s", method_can_hibernate, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED), SD_BUS_METHOD("CanHibernate", NULL, "s", method_can_hibernate, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
SD_BUS_METHOD("CanHybridSleep", NULL, "s", method_can_hybrid_sleep, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED), SD_BUS_METHOD("CanHybridSleep", NULL, "s", method_can_hybrid_sleep, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
SD_BUS_METHOD("CanSuspendToHibernate", NULL, "s", method_can_suspend_to_hibernate, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
SD_BUS_METHOD("ScheduleShutdown", "st", NULL, method_schedule_shutdown, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED), SD_BUS_METHOD("ScheduleShutdown", "st", NULL, method_schedule_shutdown, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
SD_BUS_METHOD("CancelScheduledShutdown", NULL, "b", method_cancel_scheduled_shutdown, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED), SD_BUS_METHOD("CancelScheduledShutdown", NULL, "b", method_cancel_scheduled_shutdown, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
SD_BUS_METHOD("Inhibit", "ssss", "h", method_inhibit, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED), SD_BUS_METHOD("Inhibit", "ssss", "h", method_inhibit, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),

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@ -150,6 +150,10 @@
send_interface="org.freedesktop.login1.Manager" send_interface="org.freedesktop.login1.Manager"
send_member="HybridSleep"/> send_member="HybridSleep"/>
<allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.login1"
send_interface="org.freedesktop.login1.Manager"
send_member="SuspendToHibernate"/>
<allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.login1" <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.login1"
send_interface="org.freedesktop.login1.Manager" send_interface="org.freedesktop.login1.Manager"
send_member="CanPowerOff"/> send_member="CanPowerOff"/>
@ -174,6 +178,10 @@
send_interface="org.freedesktop.login1.Manager" send_interface="org.freedesktop.login1.Manager"
send_member="CanHybridSleep"/> send_member="CanHybridSleep"/>
<allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.login1"
send_interface="org.freedesktop.login1.Manager"
send_member="CanSuspendToHibernate"/>
<allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.login1" <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.login1"
send_interface="org.freedesktop.login1.Manager" send_interface="org.freedesktop.login1.Manager"
send_member="ScheduleShutdown"/> send_member="ScheduleShutdown"/>

View File

@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
This file is part of systemd. This file is part of systemd.
Copyright 2013 Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek Copyright 2013 Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
Copyright 2018 Dell Inc.
systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
@ -41,13 +42,14 @@
#define USE(x, y) do { (x) = (y); (y) = NULL; } while (0) #define USE(x, y) do { (x) = (y); (y) = NULL; } while (0)
int parse_sleep_config(const char *verb, char ***_modes, char ***_states) { int parse_sleep_config(const char *verb, char ***_modes, char ***_states, usec_t *_delay) {
_cleanup_strv_free_ char _cleanup_strv_free_ char
**suspend_mode = NULL, **suspend_state = NULL, **suspend_mode = NULL, **suspend_state = NULL,
**hibernate_mode = NULL, **hibernate_state = NULL, **hibernate_mode = NULL, **hibernate_state = NULL,
**hybrid_mode = NULL, **hybrid_state = NULL; **hybrid_mode = NULL, **hybrid_state = NULL;
char **modes, **states; char **modes, **states;
usec_t delay;
const ConfigTableItem items[] = { const ConfigTableItem items[] = {
{ "Sleep", "SuspendMode", config_parse_strv, 0, &suspend_mode }, { "Sleep", "SuspendMode", config_parse_strv, 0, &suspend_mode },
@ -56,6 +58,7 @@ int parse_sleep_config(const char *verb, char ***_modes, char ***_states) {
{ "Sleep", "HibernateState", config_parse_strv, 0, &hibernate_state }, { "Sleep", "HibernateState", config_parse_strv, 0, &hibernate_state },
{ "Sleep", "HybridSleepMode", config_parse_strv, 0, &hybrid_mode }, { "Sleep", "HybridSleepMode", config_parse_strv, 0, &hybrid_mode },
{ "Sleep", "HybridSleepState", config_parse_strv, 0, &hybrid_state }, { "Sleep", "HybridSleepState", config_parse_strv, 0, &hybrid_state },
{ "Sleep", "HibernateDelaySec", config_parse_sec, 0, &delay},
{} {}
}; };
@ -94,18 +97,26 @@ int parse_sleep_config(const char *verb, char ***_modes, char ***_states) {
USE(states, hybrid_state); USE(states, hybrid_state);
else else
states = strv_new("disk", NULL); states = strv_new("disk", NULL);
} else if (streq(verb, "suspend-to-hibernate")) {
if (delay == 0)
delay = 180 * USEC_PER_MINUTE;
} else } else
assert_not_reached("what verb"); assert_not_reached("what verb");
if ((!modes && !streq(verb, "suspend")) || !states) { if ((!modes && (streq(verb, "hibernate") || streq(verb, "hybrid-sleep"))) ||
(!states && !streq(verb, "suspend-to-hibernate"))) {
strv_free(modes); strv_free(modes);
strv_free(states); strv_free(states);
return log_oom(); return log_oom();
} }
*_modes = modes; if (_modes)
*_states = states; *_modes = modes;
if (_states)
*_states = states;
if (_delay)
*_delay = delay;
return 0; return 0;
} }
@ -260,15 +271,44 @@ static bool enough_memory_for_hibernation(void) {
return r; return r;
} }
static bool can_s2h(void) {
int r;
r = access("/sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm", W_OK);
if (r < 0) {
log_full(errno == ENOENT ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_WARNING,
"/sys/class/rct/rct0/wakealarm is not writable %m");
return false;
}
r = can_sleep("suspend");
if (r < 0) {
log_debug_errno(r, "Unable to suspend system.");
return false;
}
r = can_sleep("hibernate");
if (r < 0) {
log_debug_errno(r, "Unable to hibernate system.");
return false;
}
return true;
}
int can_sleep(const char *verb) { int can_sleep(const char *verb) {
_cleanup_strv_free_ char **modes = NULL, **states = NULL; _cleanup_strv_free_ char **modes = NULL, **states = NULL;
int r; int r;
assert(streq(verb, "suspend") || assert(streq(verb, "suspend") ||
streq(verb, "hibernate") || streq(verb, "hibernate") ||
streq(verb, "hybrid-sleep")); streq(verb, "hybrid-sleep") ||
streq(verb, "suspend-to-hibernate"));
r = parse_sleep_config(verb, &modes, &states); if (streq(verb, "suspend-to-hibernate"))
return can_s2h();
r = parse_sleep_config(verb, &modes, &states, NULL);
if (r < 0) if (r < 0)
return false; return false;

View File

@ -20,7 +20,9 @@
along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
***/ ***/
int parse_sleep_config(const char *verb, char ***modes, char ***states); #include "time-util.h"
int parse_sleep_config(const char *verb, char ***modes, char ***states, usec_t *delay);
int can_sleep(const char *verb); int can_sleep(const char *verb);
int can_sleep_disk(char **types); int can_sleep_disk(char **types);

View File

@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
Copyright 2013 Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek Copyright 2013 Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
Copyright 2018 Dell Inc.
systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
@ -25,12 +26,14 @@
#include "sd-messages.h" #include "sd-messages.h"
#include "parse-util.h"
#include "def.h" #include "def.h"
#include "exec-util.h" #include "exec-util.h"
#include "fd-util.h" #include "fd-util.h"
#include "fileio.h" #include "fileio.h"
#include "log.h" #include "log.h"
#include "sleep-config.h" #include "sleep-config.h"
#include "stdio-util.h"
#include "string-util.h" #include "string-util.h"
#include "strv.h" #include "strv.h"
#include "util.h" #include "util.h"
@ -135,6 +138,83 @@ static int execute(char **modes, char **states) {
return r; return r;
} }
static int read_wakealarm(uint64_t *result) {
_cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/rtc/rtc0/since_epoch", &t) >= 0)
return safe_atou64(t, result);
return -EBADF;
}
static int write_wakealarm(const char *str) {
_cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
int r;
f = fopen("/sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm", "we");
if (!f)
return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm: %m");
r = write_string_stream(f, str, 0);
if (r < 0)
return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to write '%s' to /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm: %m", str);
return 0;
}
static int execute_s2h(usec_t hibernate_delay_sec) {
_cleanup_strv_free_ char **hibernate_modes = NULL, **hibernate_states = NULL,
**suspend_modes = NULL, **suspend_states = NULL;
usec_t orig_time, cmp_time;
char time_str[DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uint64_t)];
int r;
r = parse_sleep_config("suspend", &suspend_modes, &suspend_states,
NULL);
if (r < 0)
return r;
r = parse_sleep_config("hibernate", &hibernate_modes,
&hibernate_states, NULL);
if (r < 0)
return r;
r = read_wakealarm(&orig_time);
if (r < 0)
return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to read time: %d", r);
orig_time += hibernate_delay_sec / USEC_PER_SEC;
xsprintf(time_str, "%" PRIu64, orig_time);
r = write_wakealarm(time_str);
if (r < 0)
return r;
log_debug("Set RTC wake alarm for %s", time_str);
r = execute(suspend_modes, suspend_states);
if (r < 0)
return r;
r = read_wakealarm(&cmp_time);
if (r < 0)
return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to read time: %d", r);
/* reset RTC */
r = write_wakealarm("0");
if (r < 0)
return r;
log_debug("Woke up at %"PRIu64, cmp_time);
/* if woken up after alarm time, hibernate */
if (cmp_time >= orig_time)
r = execute(hibernate_modes, hibernate_states);
return r;
}
static void help(void) { static void help(void) {
printf("%s COMMAND\n\n" printf("%s COMMAND\n\n"
"Suspend the system, hibernate the system, or both.\n\n" "Suspend the system, hibernate the system, or both.\n\n"
@ -144,6 +224,8 @@ static void help(void) {
" suspend Suspend the system\n" " suspend Suspend the system\n"
" hibernate Hibernate the system\n" " hibernate Hibernate the system\n"
" hybrid-sleep Both hibernate and suspend the system\n" " hybrid-sleep Both hibernate and suspend the system\n"
" suspend-to-hibernate Initially suspend and then hibernate\n"
" the system after a fixed period of time\n"
, program_invocation_short_name); , program_invocation_short_name);
} }
@ -189,7 +271,8 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
if (!streq(arg_verb, "suspend") && if (!streq(arg_verb, "suspend") &&
!streq(arg_verb, "hibernate") && !streq(arg_verb, "hibernate") &&
!streq(arg_verb, "hybrid-sleep")) { !streq(arg_verb, "hybrid-sleep") &&
!streq(arg_verb, "suspend-to-hibernate")) {
log_error("Unknown command '%s'.", arg_verb); log_error("Unknown command '%s'.", arg_verb);
return -EINVAL; return -EINVAL;
} }
@ -199,6 +282,7 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
_cleanup_strv_free_ char **modes = NULL, **states = NULL; _cleanup_strv_free_ char **modes = NULL, **states = NULL;
usec_t delay = 0;
int r; int r;
log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_AUTO); log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_AUTO);
@ -209,12 +293,14 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
if (r <= 0) if (r <= 0)
goto finish; goto finish;
r = parse_sleep_config(arg_verb, &modes, &states); r = parse_sleep_config(arg_verb, &modes, &states, &delay);
if (r < 0) if (r < 0)
goto finish; goto finish;
r = execute(modes, states); if (streq(arg_verb, "suspend-to-hibernate"))
r = execute_s2h(delay);
else
r = execute(modes, states);
finish: finish:
return r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS; return r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS;
} }

View File

@ -160,6 +160,7 @@ static enum action {
ACTION_SUSPEND, ACTION_SUSPEND,
ACTION_HIBERNATE, ACTION_HIBERNATE,
ACTION_HYBRID_SLEEP, ACTION_HYBRID_SLEEP,
ACTION_SUSPEND_TO_HIBERNATE,
ACTION_RUNLEVEL2, ACTION_RUNLEVEL2,
ACTION_RUNLEVEL3, ACTION_RUNLEVEL3,
ACTION_RUNLEVEL4, ACTION_RUNLEVEL4,
@ -3033,21 +3034,22 @@ static const struct {
const char *verb; const char *verb;
const char *mode; const char *mode;
} action_table[_ACTION_MAX] = { } action_table[_ACTION_MAX] = {
[ACTION_HALT] = { SPECIAL_HALT_TARGET, "halt", "replace-irreversibly" }, [ACTION_HALT] = { SPECIAL_HALT_TARGET, "halt", "replace-irreversibly" },
[ACTION_POWEROFF] = { SPECIAL_POWEROFF_TARGET, "poweroff", "replace-irreversibly" }, [ACTION_POWEROFF] = { SPECIAL_POWEROFF_TARGET, "poweroff", "replace-irreversibly" },
[ACTION_REBOOT] = { SPECIAL_REBOOT_TARGET, "reboot", "replace-irreversibly" }, [ACTION_REBOOT] = { SPECIAL_REBOOT_TARGET, "reboot", "replace-irreversibly" },
[ACTION_KEXEC] = { SPECIAL_KEXEC_TARGET, "kexec", "replace-irreversibly" }, [ACTION_KEXEC] = { SPECIAL_KEXEC_TARGET, "kexec", "replace-irreversibly" },
[ACTION_RUNLEVEL2] = { SPECIAL_MULTI_USER_TARGET, NULL, "isolate" }, [ACTION_RUNLEVEL2] = { SPECIAL_MULTI_USER_TARGET, NULL, "isolate" },
[ACTION_RUNLEVEL3] = { SPECIAL_MULTI_USER_TARGET, NULL, "isolate" }, [ACTION_RUNLEVEL3] = { SPECIAL_MULTI_USER_TARGET, NULL, "isolate" },
[ACTION_RUNLEVEL4] = { SPECIAL_MULTI_USER_TARGET, NULL, "isolate" }, [ACTION_RUNLEVEL4] = { SPECIAL_MULTI_USER_TARGET, NULL, "isolate" },
[ACTION_RUNLEVEL5] = { SPECIAL_GRAPHICAL_TARGET, NULL, "isolate" }, [ACTION_RUNLEVEL5] = { SPECIAL_GRAPHICAL_TARGET, NULL, "isolate" },
[ACTION_RESCUE] = { SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET, "rescue", "isolate" }, [ACTION_RESCUE] = { SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET, "rescue", "isolate" },
[ACTION_EMERGENCY] = { SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET, "emergency", "isolate" }, [ACTION_EMERGENCY] = { SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET, "emergency", "isolate" },
[ACTION_DEFAULT] = { SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET, "default", "isolate" }, [ACTION_DEFAULT] = { SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET, "default", "isolate" },
[ACTION_EXIT] = { SPECIAL_EXIT_TARGET, "exit", "replace-irreversibly" }, [ACTION_EXIT] = { SPECIAL_EXIT_TARGET, "exit", "replace-irreversibly" },
[ACTION_SUSPEND] = { SPECIAL_SUSPEND_TARGET, "suspend", "replace-irreversibly" }, [ACTION_SUSPEND] = { SPECIAL_SUSPEND_TARGET, "suspend", "replace-irreversibly" },
[ACTION_HIBERNATE] = { SPECIAL_HIBERNATE_TARGET, "hibernate", "replace-irreversibly" }, [ACTION_HIBERNATE] = { SPECIAL_HIBERNATE_TARGET, "hibernate", "replace-irreversibly" },
[ACTION_HYBRID_SLEEP] = { SPECIAL_HYBRID_SLEEP_TARGET, "hybrid-sleep", "replace-irreversibly" }, [ACTION_HYBRID_SLEEP] = { SPECIAL_HYBRID_SLEEP_TARGET, "hybrid-sleep", "replace-irreversibly" },
[ACTION_SUSPEND_TO_HIBERNATE] = { SPECIAL_SUSPEND_TO_HIBERNATE_TARGET, "suspend-to-hibernate", "replace-irreversibly" },
}; };
static enum action verb_to_action(const char *verb) { static enum action verb_to_action(const char *verb) {
@ -3278,6 +3280,11 @@ static int logind_reboot(enum action a) {
description = "put system into hybrid sleep"; description = "put system into hybrid sleep";
break; break;
case ACTION_SUSPEND_TO_HIBERNATE:
method = "SuspendToHibernate";
description = "put system into suspend followed by hibernate";
break;
default: default:
return -EINVAL; return -EINVAL;
} }
@ -3629,7 +3636,8 @@ static int start_special(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
ACTION_HALT, ACTION_HALT,
ACTION_SUSPEND, ACTION_SUSPEND,
ACTION_HIBERNATE, ACTION_HIBERNATE,
ACTION_HYBRID_SLEEP)) { ACTION_HYBRID_SLEEP,
ACTION_SUSPEND_TO_HIBERNATE)) {
r = logind_reboot(a); r = logind_reboot(a);
if (r >= 0) if (r >= 0)
@ -7326,7 +7334,9 @@ static void systemctl_help(void) {
" switch-root ROOT [INIT] Change to a different root file system\n" " switch-root ROOT [INIT] Change to a different root file system\n"
" suspend Suspend the system\n" " suspend Suspend the system\n"
" hibernate Hibernate the system\n" " hibernate Hibernate the system\n"
" hybrid-sleep Hibernate and suspend the system\n", " hybrid-sleep Hibernate and suspend the system\n"
" suspend-to-hibernate Suspend the system, wake after a period of\n"
" time and put it into hibernate\n",
program_invocation_short_name); program_invocation_short_name);
} }
@ -8423,6 +8433,7 @@ static int systemctl_main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
{ "suspend", VERB_ANY, 1, VERB_ONLINE_ONLY, start_system_special }, { "suspend", VERB_ANY, 1, VERB_ONLINE_ONLY, start_system_special },
{ "hibernate", VERB_ANY, 1, VERB_ONLINE_ONLY, start_system_special }, { "hibernate", VERB_ANY, 1, VERB_ONLINE_ONLY, start_system_special },
{ "hybrid-sleep", VERB_ANY, 1, VERB_ONLINE_ONLY, start_system_special }, { "hybrid-sleep", VERB_ANY, 1, VERB_ONLINE_ONLY, start_system_special },
{ "suspend-to-hibernate", VERB_ANY, 1, VERB_ONLINE_ONLY, start_system_special },
{ "default", VERB_ANY, 1, VERB_ONLINE_ONLY, start_special }, { "default", VERB_ANY, 1, VERB_ONLINE_ONLY, start_special },
{ "rescue", VERB_ANY, 1, VERB_ONLINE_ONLY, start_system_special }, { "rescue", VERB_ANY, 1, VERB_ONLINE_ONLY, start_system_special },
{ "emergency", VERB_ANY, 1, VERB_ONLINE_ONLY, start_system_special }, { "emergency", VERB_ANY, 1, VERB_ONLINE_ONLY, start_system_special },
@ -8754,6 +8765,7 @@ int main(int argc, char*argv[]) {
case ACTION_SUSPEND: case ACTION_SUSPEND:
case ACTION_HIBERNATE: case ACTION_HIBERNATE:
case ACTION_HYBRID_SLEEP: case ACTION_HYBRID_SLEEP:
case ACTION_SUSPEND_TO_HIBERNATE:
case ACTION_EMERGENCY: case ACTION_EMERGENCY:
case ACTION_DEFAULT: case ACTION_DEFAULT:
/* systemctl verbs with no equivalent in the legacy commands. /* systemctl verbs with no equivalent in the legacy commands.

View File

@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ static void test_sleep(void) {
log_info("Suspend configured and possible: %s", yes_no(can_sleep("suspend") > 0)); log_info("Suspend configured and possible: %s", yes_no(can_sleep("suspend") > 0));
log_info("Hibernation configured and possible: %s", yes_no(can_sleep("hibernate") > 0)); log_info("Hibernation configured and possible: %s", yes_no(can_sleep("hibernate") > 0));
log_info("Hybrid-sleep configured and possible: %s", yes_no(can_sleep("hybrid-sleep") > 0)); log_info("Hybrid-sleep configured and possible: %s", yes_no(can_sleep("hybrid-sleep") > 0));
log_info("Suspend-to-Hibernate configured and possible: %s", yes_no(can_sleep("suspend-to-hibernate") > 0));
} }
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {

View File

@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ units = [
['halt.target', ''], ['halt.target', ''],
['hibernate.target', 'ENABLE_HIBERNATE'], ['hibernate.target', 'ENABLE_HIBERNATE'],
['hybrid-sleep.target', 'ENABLE_HIBERNATE'], ['hybrid-sleep.target', 'ENABLE_HIBERNATE'],
['suspend-to-hibernate.target', 'ENABLE_HIBERNATE'],
['initrd-fs.target', ''], ['initrd-fs.target', ''],
['initrd-root-device.target', ''], ['initrd-root-device.target', ''],
['initrd-root-fs.target', ''], ['initrd-root-fs.target', ''],
@ -155,6 +156,7 @@ in_units = [
['systemd-hibernate-resume@.service', 'ENABLE_HIBERNATE'], ['systemd-hibernate-resume@.service', 'ENABLE_HIBERNATE'],
['systemd-hibernate.service', 'ENABLE_HIBERNATE'], ['systemd-hibernate.service', 'ENABLE_HIBERNATE'],
['systemd-hybrid-sleep.service', 'ENABLE_HIBERNATE'], ['systemd-hybrid-sleep.service', 'ENABLE_HIBERNATE'],
['systemd-suspend-to-hibernate.service', 'ENABLE_HIBERNATE'],
['systemd-hostnamed.service', 'ENABLE_HOSTNAMED', ['systemd-hostnamed.service', 'ENABLE_HOSTNAMED',
'dbus-org.freedesktop.hostname1.service'], 'dbus-org.freedesktop.hostname1.service'],
['systemd-hwdb-update.service', 'ENABLE_HWDB', ['systemd-hwdb-update.service', 'ENABLE_HWDB',

View File

@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+
#
# This file is part of systemd.
#
# systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
[Unit]
Description=Suspend; Idle into hibernate
Documentation=man:systemd.special(7)
DefaultDependencies=no
Requires=systemd-suspend-to-hibernate.service
After=systemd-suspend-to-hibernate.service
StopWhenUnneeded=yes

View File

@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+
#
# This file is part of systemd.
#
# systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
[Unit]
Description=Suspend; Idle into hibernate
Documentation=man:systemd-suspend.service(8)
DefaultDependencies=no
Requires=sleep.target
After=sleep.target
[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=@rootlibexecdir@/systemd-sleep suspend-to-hibernate