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This adds support for dm integrity targets and an associated
/etc/integritytab file which is required as the dm integrity device
super block doesn't include all of the required metadata to bring up
the device correctly. See integritytab man page for details.
Similar to sd_bus_error_has_names() that was added in
2b07ec316a.
It is made inline in the hope that the compiler will be able to optimize
all the va_args boilerplate away, and do an efficient comparison when
the arguments are all constants.
sd_bus_get_fd() and related calls are useful for integrating a bus
connection into arbitrary event loops. But sd_bus_set_fd() is quite a
different beast, it's for using D-Bus over pre-initialized sockets or
pairs of fifos or stuff, i.e. very advanced stuff.
Let's split this man page in two, in order not to confuse things
needlessly.
And while we are at it, let's slightly extend the documentation.
While sd-bus already provides sd_bus_call() for calling a method
from a complete bus message object, We don't have an equivalent
function for replying from a method with a complete bus message
object.
Currently, we use sd_bus_send(call->bus, m, NULL) instead. Let's
add a shorthand for this pattern and name it sd_bus_reply().
This adds the support for veritytab.
The veritytab file contains at most five fields, the first four are
mandatory, the last one is optional:
- The first field contains the name of the resulting verity volume; its
block device is set up /dev/mapper/</filename>.
- The second field contains a path to the underlying block data device,
or a specification of a block device via UUID= followed by the UUID.
- The third field contains a path to the underlying block hash device,
or a specification of a block device via UUID= followed by the UUID.
- The fourth field is the roothash in hexadecimal.
- The fifth field, if present, is a comma-delimited list of options.
The following options are recognized only: ignore-corruption,
restart-on-corruption, panic-on-corruption, ignore-zero-blocks,
check-at-most-once and root-hash-signature. The others options will
be implemented later.
Also, this adds support for the new kernel verity command line boolean
option "veritytab" which enables the read for veritytab, and the new
environment variable SYSTEMD_VERITYTAB which sets the path to the file
veritytab to read.
_riotingpacifist was complaining on reddit [1] that systemd-user-runtime-dir
is not documented anywhere. So let's add the binary name as page alias.
[1] https://www.reddit.com/r/linux/comments/h086fd/why_linuxs_systemd_is_still_divisive_after_all/ftllr66/
This page should be in section 8, like all .service descriptions.
Also extend the text a bit to make it clearer that systemd --user is the same
executable but running in a different mode (which might be certainly a bit
confusing to users.)
The name of the helper didn't match the name of the meson target, which was
always confusing me. With this change, we consistenly use "update" to
re-generate things which we otherwise keep in vc, and "make" for things
which are generated during each build.
I'm not sure if the LogTarget property is sufficiently general to be made into
a property that can be generally implemented. It is very closely tied to the internal
systemd logic. The other two seem fine thoough.
This adds the sd_notify_barrier function, to allow users to synchronize against
the reception of sd_notify(3) status messages. It acts as a synchronization
point, and a successful return gurantees that all previous messages have been
consumed by the manager. This can be used to eliminate race conditions where
the sending process exits too early for systemd to associate its PID to a
cgroup and attribute the status message to a unit correctly.
systemd-notify now uses this function for proper notification delivery and be
useful for NotifyAccess=all units again in user mode, or in cases where it
doesn't have a control process as parent.
Fixes: #2739
As usual, the formatting was fixed and various obvious updates
were done, but nothing major.
I removed documentation of snapshots and related methods though.
The wiki was primarily describing the D-Bus API, but it also had a large
introduction to the daemon functionality. I moved that latter part into
the page that describes the daemon, and the API description into the new
page.
This is mostly a straighforward import. Apart from some required formatting
changes, I removed obvious repetitions, and made tiny grammar and typo fixes
where I noticed them. The goal is not to have a perfect text immediately.
<interfacename>org.foo.bar</interface> is used for interface names,
<function>function()</function> for methods, and <function>signal</function>
(no parentheses) for signal names. In D-Bus, signals are similar to methods,
and docbook doesn't have a nice tag for them.
Let's make sure we get back to 100% man page documentation coverage of
our sd-event APIs. We are bad enough at the others, let's get these ones
right at least.
This patch introduces the systemd pstore service which will archive the
contents of the Linux persistent storage filesystem, pstore, to other storage,
thus preserving the existing information contained in the pstore, and clearing
pstore storage for future error events.
Linux provides a persistent storage file system, pstore[1], that can store
error records when the kernel dies (or reboots or powers-off). These records in
turn can be referenced to debug kernel problems (currently the kernel stuffs
the tail of the dmesg, which also contains a stack backtrace, into pstore).
The pstore file system supports a variety of backends that map onto persistent
storage, such as the ACPI ERST[2, Section 18.5 Error Serialization] and UEFI
variables[3 Appendix N Common Platform Error Record]. The pstore backends
typically offer a relatively small amount of persistent storage, e.g. 64KiB,
which can quickly fill up and thus prevent subsequent kernel crashes from
recording errors. Thus there is a need to monitor and extract the pstore
contents so that future kernel problems can also record information in the
pstore.
The pstore service is independent of the kdump service. In cloud environments
specifically, host and guest filesystems are on remote filesystems (eg. iSCSI
or NFS), thus kdump relies [implicitly and/or explicitly] upon proper operation
of networking software *and* hardware *and* infrastructure. Thus it may not be
possible to capture a kernel coredump to a file since writes over the network
may not be possible.
The pstore backend, on the other hand, is completely local and provides a path
to store error records which will survive a reboot and aid in post-mortem
debugging.
Usage Notes:
This tool moves files from /sys/fs/pstore into /var/lib/systemd/pstore.
To enable kernel recording of error records into pstore, one must either pass
crash_kexec_post_notifiers[4] to the kernel command line or enable via 'echo Y
> /sys/module/kernel/parameters/crash_kexec_post_notifiers'. This option
invokes the recording of errors into pstore *before* an attempt to kexec/kdump
on a kernel crash.
Optionally, to record reboots and shutdowns in the pstore, one can either pass
the printk.always_kmsg_dump[4] to the kernel command line or enable via 'echo Y >
/sys/module/printk/parameters/always_kmsg_dump'. This option enables code on the
shutdown path to record information via pstore.
This pstore service is a oneshot service. When run, the service invokes
systemd-pstore which is a tool that performs the following:
- reads the pstore.conf configuration file
- collects the lists of files in the pstore (eg. /sys/fs/pstore)
- for certain file types (eg. dmesg) a handler is invoked
- for all other files, the file is moved from pstore
- In the case of dmesg handler, final processing occurs as such:
- files processed in reverse lexigraphical order to faciliate
reconstruction of original dmesg
- the filename is examined to determine which dmesg it is a part
- the file is appended to the reconstructed dmesg
For example, the following pstore contents:
root@vm356:~# ls -al /sys/fs/pstore
total 0
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 0 May 9 09:50 .
drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 0 May 9 09:50 ..
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 1610 May 9 09:49 dmesg-efi-155741337601001
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 1778 May 9 09:49 dmesg-efi-155741337602001
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 1726 May 9 09:49 dmesg-efi-155741337603001
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 1746 May 9 09:49 dmesg-efi-155741337604001
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 1686 May 9 09:49 dmesg-efi-155741337605001
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 1690 May 9 09:49 dmesg-efi-155741337606001
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 1775 May 9 09:49 dmesg-efi-155741337607001
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 1811 May 9 09:49 dmesg-efi-155741337608001
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 1817 May 9 09:49 dmesg-efi-155741337609001
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 1795 May 9 09:49 dmesg-efi-155741337710001
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 1770 May 9 09:49 dmesg-efi-155741337711001
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 1796 May 9 09:49 dmesg-efi-155741337712001
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 1787 May 9 09:49 dmesg-efi-155741337713001
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 1808 May 9 09:49 dmesg-efi-155741337714001
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 1754 May 9 09:49 dmesg-efi-155741337715001
results in the following:
root@vm356:~# ls -al /var/lib/systemd/pstore/155741337/
total 92
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 9 09:50 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 40 May 9 09:50 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1610 May 9 09:50 dmesg-efi-155741337601001
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1778 May 9 09:50 dmesg-efi-155741337602001
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1726 May 9 09:50 dmesg-efi-155741337603001
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1746 May 9 09:50 dmesg-efi-155741337604001
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1686 May 9 09:50 dmesg-efi-155741337605001
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1690 May 9 09:50 dmesg-efi-155741337606001
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1775 May 9 09:50 dmesg-efi-155741337607001
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1811 May 9 09:50 dmesg-efi-155741337608001
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1817 May 9 09:50 dmesg-efi-155741337609001
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1795 May 9 09:50 dmesg-efi-155741337710001
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1770 May 9 09:50 dmesg-efi-155741337711001
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1796 May 9 09:50 dmesg-efi-155741337712001
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1787 May 9 09:50 dmesg-efi-155741337713001
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1808 May 9 09:50 dmesg-efi-155741337714001
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1754 May 9 09:50 dmesg-efi-155741337715001
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 26754 May 9 09:50 dmesg.txt
where dmesg.txt is reconstructed from the group of related
dmesg-efi-155741337* files.
Configuration file:
The pstore.conf configuration file has four settings, described below.
- Storage : one of "none", "external", or "journal". With "none", this
tool leaves the contents of pstore untouched. With "external", the
contents of the pstore are moved into the /var/lib/systemd/pstore,
as well as logged into the journal. With "journal", the contents of
the pstore are recorded only in the systemd journal. The default is
"external".
- Unlink : is a boolean. When "true", the default, then files in the
pstore are removed once processed. When "false", processing of the
pstore occurs normally, but the pstore files remain.
References:
[1] "Persistent storage for a kernel's dying breath",
March 23, 2011.
https://lwn.net/Articles/434821/
[2] "Advanced Configuration and Power Interface Specification",
version 6.2, May 2017.
https://www.uefi.org/sites/default/files/resources/ACPI_6_2.pdf
[3] "Unified Extensible Firmware Interface Specification",
version 2.8, March 2019.
https://uefi.org/sites/default/files/resources/UEFI_Spec_2_8_final.pdf
[4] "The kernel’s command-line parameters",
https://static.lwn.net/kerneldoc/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.html
I decided to make this a separate man page because it is freakin' long.
This content could equally well go in systemd-udevd.service(8), systemd.link(5),
or a new man page for the net_id builtin.
v2:
- rename to systemd.net-naming-scheme
- add udevadm test-builtin net_id example
The interface provided by those two functions is huge, so this text could
probably be made two or three times as long if all details were described.
But I think it's a good start.
