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m4 was hugely popular in the past, because autotools, automake, flex, bison and
many other things used it. But nowadays it much less popular, and might not even
be installed in the buildroot. (m4 is small, so it doesn't make a big difference.)
(FWIW, Fedora dropped make from the buildroot now,
https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/Remove_make_from_BuildRoot. I think it's
reasonable to assume that m4 will be dropped at some point too.)
The main reason to drop m4 is that the syntax is not very nice, and we should
minimize the number of different syntaxes that we use. We still have two
(configure_file() with @FOO@ and jinja2 templates with {{foo}} and the
pythonesque conditional expressions), but at least we don't need m4 (with
m4_dnl and `quotes').
- HostonlyInitrd reduces the size of the initramfs which speeds up
QEMU boot times.
- Autologin and deleting the root password remove
the manual login step whenever starting the systemd-nspawn container
or QEMU vm.
- NetworkVeth passes --network-veth to the nspawn container when
using mkosi boot and emulates --network-veth with a tap device
and networkd's 80-vm-vt.network builtin network file when using
mkosi qemu. --network-veth makes it easier to test network and
resolved in mkosi's nspawn container or QEMU vm.
It's often useful to have an editor available to edit some random
config file in the final image. Let's install some basic editors
that don't take up too much space.
Let's add a debugger to the mkosi images so we can debug coredumps
from inside mkosi qemu VMs (and hopefully in the future from
mkosi systemd-nspawn containers as well).
--qemu-headless configures the generated image and mkosi's qemu
command to connect to the VM via the serial port. This allows
spawning a qemu VM within the user's terminal instead of spawning
a graphical GTK GUI. --qemu-headless sets TERM, COLUMNS and LINES
in serial-getty@ttyS0.service in the container which makes the
terminal in the VM behave almost equivalent to the one on the host.
This change makes testing changes to systemd using mkosi + QEMU a
lot easier compared to before as commands can be executed in the VM
from the comfort of one's terminal compared to the Linux console
available when running via the GTK GUI.
[zjs: Looking at https://packages.ubuntu.com/bionic/iptables-dev, iptables-dev
was a transitional package that was pulling in libxtables-dev, libip4tc-dev,
and libip6tc-dev (as listed by @GiedriusS). iptables-dev is gone in focal, so
replace it by the expanded list.]
