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Some distributions use alias unit files via symlinks in /usr to cover
for legacy service names. With this change we'll allow "systemctl
enable" on such aliases.
Previously, our rule was that symlinks are user configuration that
"systemctl enable" + "systemctl disable" creates and removes, while unit
files is where the instructions to do so are store. As a result of the
rule we'd never read install information through symlinks, since that
would mix enablement state with installation instructions.
Now, the new rule is that only symlinks inside of /etc are
configuration. Unit files, and symlinks in /usr are now valid for
installation instructions.
This patch is quite a rework of the whole install logic, and makes the
following addional changes:
- Adds a complete test "test-instal-root" that tests the install logic
pretty comprehensively.
- Never uses canonicalize_file_name(), because that's incompatible with
operation relative to a specific root directory.
- unit_file_get_state() is reworked to return a proper error, and
returns the state in a call-by-ref parameter. This cleans up confusion
between the enum type and errno-like errors.
- The new logic puts a limit on how long to follow unit file symlinks:
it will do so only for 64 steps at max.
- The InstallContext object's fields are renamed to will_process and
has_processed (will_install and has_installed) since they are also
used for deinstallation and all kinds of other operations.
- The root directory is always verified before use.
- install.c is reordered to place the exported functions together.
- Stricter rules are followed when traversing symlinks: the unit suffix
must say identical, and it's not allowed to link between regular units
and templated units.
- Various modernizations
- The "invalid" unit file state has been renamed to "bad", in order to
avoid confusion between UNIT_FILE_INVALID and
_UNIT_FILE_STATE_INVALID. Given that the state should normally not be
seen and is not documented this should not be a problematic change.
The new name is now documented however.
Fixes#1375, #1718, #1706
Snapshots were never useful or used for anything. Many systemd
developers that I spoke to at systemd.conf2015, didn't even know they
existed, so it is fairly safe to assume that this type can be deleted
without harm.
The fundamental problem with snapshots is that the state of the system
is dynamic, devices come and go, users log in and out, timers fire...
and restoring all units to some state from the past would "undo"
those changes, which isn't really possible.
Tested by creating a snapshot, running the new binary, and checking
that the transition did not cause errors, and the snapshot is gone,
and snapshots cannot be created anymore.
New systemctl says:
Unknown operation snapshot.
Old systemctl says:
Failed to create snapshot: Support for snapshots has been removed.
IgnoreOnSnaphost settings are warned about and ignored:
Support for option IgnoreOnSnapshot= has been removed and it is ignored
http://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/systemd-devel/2015-November/034872.html
This sounds like the better place to expose this than in "systemd-notify
--booted".
Also document the so far undocumented "unknown" state the command might
return. And rearrange the table of states documented to be more like the
one for "is-running".
Also, don't document the precise exit code of this function, just say
errors are reported != 0 or > 0...
When a systemd service running in a container exits with a non-zero
code, it can be useful to terminate the container immediately and get
the exit code back to the host, when systemd-nspawn returns. This was
not possible to do. This patch adds the following to make it possible:
- Add a read-only "ExitCode" property on PID 1's "Manager" bus object.
By default, it is 0 so the behaviour stays the same as previously.
- Add a method "SetExitCode" on the same object. The method fails when
called on baremetal: it is only allowed in containers or in user
session.
- Add support in systemctl to call "systemctl exit 42". It reuses the
existing code for user session.
- Add exit.target and systemd-exit.service to the system instance.
- Change main() to actually call systemd-shutdown to exit() with the
correct value.
- Add verb 'exit' in systemd-shutdown with parameter --exit-code
- Update systemctl manpage.
I used the following to test it:
| $ sudo rkt --debug --insecure-skip-verify run \
| --mds-register=false --local docker://busybox \
| --exec=/bin/chroot -- /proc/1/root \
| systemctl --force exit 42
| ...
| Container rkt-895a0cba-5c66-4fa5-831c-e3f8ddc5810d failed with error code 42.
| $ echo $?
| 42
Fixes https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/1290
Enable unprivileged users to set wall message on a shutdown
operation. When the message is set via the --message option,
it is logged together with the default shutdown message.
$ systemctl reboot --message "Applied kernel updates."
$ journalctl -b -1
...
systemd-logind[27]: System is rebooting. (Applied kernel updates.)
...
If the EDITOR environment variable is not set, the Debian policy
recommends to use the /usr/bin/editor program as default editor.
This file is managed via the dpkg alternatives mechanism and typically
used in Debian/Ubuntu and derivatives to configure the default editor.
See section 11.4 of the Debian policy [1].
Therefor prefer /usr/bin/editor over specific editors if available.
[1] https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-customized-programs.html
Export the MOUNT_PATH and UMOUNT_PATH variables as XML entities and use them in
the systemctl.1 manpage instead of hardcoding the path in /usr/bin.
Tested:
- Ran ./configure ac_cv_path_MOUNT_PATH=/bin/mount (same for umount) and
rebuilt the manpages, confirmed that the correct path was in man/systemctl.1
- Rebuilt man/systemd.directives.xml and the man pages derived from it,
confirmed that the correct paths were there as well.
In particular, use /lib/systemd instead of /usr/lib/systemd in distributions
like Debian which still have not adopted a /usr merge setup.
Use XML entities from man/custom-entities.ent to replace configured paths while
doing XSLT processing of the original XML files. There was precedent of some
files (such as systemd.generator.xml) which were already using this approach.
This addresses most of the (manual) fixes from this patch:
http://anonscm.debian.org/cgit/pkg-systemd/systemd.git/tree/debian/patches/Fix-paths-in-man-pages.patch?h=experimental-220
The idea of using generic XML entities was presented here:
http://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/systemd-devel/2015-May/032240.html
This patch solves almost all the issues, with the exception of:
- Path to /bin/mount and /bin/umount.
- Generic statements about preference of /lib over /etc.
These will be handled separately by follow up patches.
Tested:
- With default configure settings, ran "make install" to two separate
directories and compared the output to confirm they matched exactly.
- Used a set of configure flags including $CONFFLAGS from Debian:
http://anonscm.debian.org/cgit/pkg-systemd/systemd.git/tree/debian/rules
Installed the tree and confirmed the paths use /lib/systemd instead of
/usr/lib/systemd and that no other unexpected differences exist.
- Confirmed that `make distcheck` still passes.
It helps editing units by either creating a drop-in file, like
/etc/systemd/system/my.service.d/override.conf, or by copying the
original unit from /usr/lib/systemd/ to /etc/systemd/ if the --full
option is specified.
It invokes an editor on temporary files related to the unit files and
if the editor exited successfully, then it renames the temporary files
to their original names (e.g. my.service or override.conf) and
daemon-reload is invoked.
If the temporary file is empty the modification is canceled.
See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=906824
The previous version was a bit too vague. It is better
to simply list all dependency types that are followed.
Previous version also made an emphasis on dependencies introduced by
configuration. But this command (or systemd) don't care about this
distinction between configured and automatically added dependencies at
all. This distinctionis removed from the main description, and an
explanatory paragraph is added to remind the user that all
dependencies are shown, no matter where they come from.
In the long run we really should figure out if we want to stick with 8ch
or 2ch indenting, and not continue with half-and-half. For now, just
make emacs aware of the files that use 2ch indenting.
This effectively reverts 599b6322f1, which
in turn partially reverted 4dc5b821ae.
The --failed switch is not documented on purpose, since it is redundant
due to --state=failed, which it predates. Due to that it's not
documented in --help either.
We generally try to avoid redundant interfaces, but if we need to keep
them for compatibility we do so, however remove them from documentation
to ensure they are not used in future.
The man page is now changed to include a comment about the fact that
--failed is not documented on purpose. Also, explicitly mention
--state=failed as example for --state.
It is annoying when we have dead links on fd.o.
Add project='man-pages|die-net|archlinux' to <citerefentry>-ies.
In generated html, add external links to
http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man, http://linux.die.net/man/,
https://www.archlinux.org/.
By default, pages in sections 2 and 4 go to man7, since Michael
Kerrisk is the autorative source on kernel related stuff.
The rest of links goes to linux.die.net, because they have the
manpages.
Except for the pacman stuff, since it seems to be only available from
archlinux.org.
Poor gummiboot gets no link, because gummitboot(8) ain't to be found
on the net. According to common wisdom, that would mean that it does
not exist. But I have seen Kay using it, so I know it does, and
deserves to be found. Can somebody be nice and put it up somewhere?
The new "systemctl preset-all" command may now be used to put all
installed units back into the enable/disable state the vendor/admin
encoded in preset files.
Also, introduce "systemctl --preset-mode=enable-only" and "systemctl
--preset-mode=disable-only" to only apply the enable or only the disable
operations of a "systemctl preset" or "systemctl preset-all" operation.
"systemctl preset-all" implements this RFE:
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=630174
Commit 4a77ca7 was an attempt at fixing the wording of --after and --before,
but the new wording was unclear.
Split the combined --after/--before section into a separate section for
each, explicitly state what each option does, and add information about
how these lists are generated.
Reported-by: Andrey Borzenkov <arvidjaar@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Lennart Poettering <lennart@poettering.net>
"systemctl list-machines" shows one line per local container which
includes the current system state of the container, the number of failed
units as well as the number of currently queued jobs.
Issues fixed:
* missing words required by grammar
* duplicated or extraneous words
* inappropriate forms (e.g. singular/plural), and declinations
* orthographic misspellings
Actually 'STDOUT' is something that doesn't appear anywhere: in the
stdlib we have 'stdin', and there's only the constant STDOUT_FILENO,
so there's no reason to use capitals. When refering to code,
STDOUT/STDOUT/STDERR are replaced with stdin/stdout/stderr, and in
other places they are replaced with normal phrases like standard
output, etc.
This allows customization of the arguments used by less. The main
motivation is that some folks might not like having --no-init on every
invocation of less.
This is a recurring submission and includes corrections to:
- missing words, preposition choice.
- change of /lib to /usr/lib, because that is what most distros are
using as the system-wide location for systemd/udev files.
Those files can be in a completely deferent format and also
arbitrarily long, and usually contain information about other
stuff. If we ever add SourceLine= or SourceLines= in addition
to SourcePath=, and can show the relevant information only, this
commit can be reverted.
reboot syscall can be performed with an additional argument. In some
systems this functionality can be useful to modify the mode of the
next boot performed by the bootloader.
This is a recurring submission and includes corrections to various
issue spotted. I guess I can just skip over reporting ubiquitous comma
placement fixes…
Since cgroups are mostly now an implementation detail of systemd lets
deemphasize it a bit in the man pages. This renames systemd.cgroup(5) to
systemd.resource-control(5) and uses the term "resource control" rather
than "cgroup" where appropriate.
This leaves the word "cgroup" in at a couple of places though, like for
example systemd-cgtop and systemd-cgls where cgroup stuff is at the core
of what is happening.
This is a recurring submission and includes corrections to various
issue spotted. I guess I can just skip over reporting ubiquitous
comma placement fixes…
Highligts in this particular commit:
- the "unsigned" type qualifier is completed to form a full type
"unsigned int"
- alphabetic -> lexicographic (that way we automatically define how
numbers get sorted)
"systemctl load" has always been racy since the GC could hit any time,
before making use of the loaded unit. Very recent systemd will run GC
immeidately after all unit state changes which has the effect that the
the effect of "systemctl load" is completely gone now, so let's remove
the support for it in "systemctl" for good.
"systemctl set-log-level" is a command for analysis and tracing hence
"systemd-analyze" should be the better home for it, thus allowing us to
make the overly large "systemctl" a bit smaller.
It's an analysis command and its format is explicitly not covered by any
stability guarantees, hence move away from systemctl and into
systemd-analyze, minimizing the already large interface of systemctl a
bit.
This patch also adds auto-paging to the various systemd-analyze commands
where that makes sense
Use proper grammar, word usage, adjective hyphenation, commas,
capitalization, spelling, etc.
To improve readability, some run-on sentences or sentence fragments were
revised.
[zj: remove the space from 'file name', 'host name', and 'time zone'.]
This mirrors --property, and is generally useful.
New functionality is used in bash completion.
In case of zsh completion, new functionality is less useful
because of caching. Nevertheless, zsh completion for restart
is made to behave more-or-less the same as bash completion.
At least sockets can be restarted.
Occasionally people report problem with reboot/poweroff operations hanging in
the middle. One known cause is when a new transaction to start a unit is
enqueued while the shutdown is going on. The start of the unit conflicts with
the shutdown jobs, so they get cancelled. The failure case can be quite unpleasant,
becase getty and sshd may already be stopped.
Fix it by using irreversible jobs for shutdown (reboot/poweroff/...) actions.
This applies to commands like "reboot", "telinit 6", "systemctl reboot". Should
someone desire to use reversible jobs, they can say "systemctl start reboot.target".`
Add a new job mode: replace-irreversibly. Jobs enqueued using this mode
cannot be implicitly canceled by later enqueued conflicting jobs.
They can however still be canceled with an explicit "systemctl cancel"
call.
"systemctl default" should behave identically to "telinit N" (where N is the
corresponding runlevel target number), therefore it should use isolate job mode
too.
This makes 'status' behave like 'list-units':
systemctl status -> status of all units
systemctl -t error status -> status of error units
systemctl -t mount status -> etc.
Option listings seemed to be pretty much random, some were short opt,
long opt, others were long opt, short opt. This just makes every option
with a short and long opt that I could find in the order short opt, long
opt, for formatting's sake.
New sections are added: PAM options, crypttab options, commandline
options, miscellaneous. The last category will be used for all
untagged <varname> elements.
Commandline options sections is meant to be a developer tool: when
adding an option it is sometimes useful to be able to check if
similarly named options exist elsewhere.
systemctl list-dependencies lists all unit's dependecies and
recursively expands all subsidiary target units into a tree.
Primary purpose for this command is to show all units which are
enabled in specified target.
New file output.h with output flags and modes.
--full parameter also for cgls and loginctl.
Include 'all' parameter in flags (show_cgroup_by_path, show_cgroup,
show_cgroup_and_extra, show_cgroup_and_extra_by_spec).
get_process_cmdline with max_length == 0 will not ellipsize output.
Replace LINE_MAX with 0 in some calls of get_process_cmdline.
[zj: Default to --full when under pager for clgs.
Drop '-f' since it wasn't documented and didn't actually work.
Reindent a bit.
]
Adds is-failed to join is-active and is-enabled.
I grabbed this one from the todo list. Most of the functionality was
already there for is-active. I just needed to make check_one_unit take
the states to check for as an argument instead of the hardcoded
"active" and "reloading".
is-failed will return 1 if none of the units given are failed. This is
different from is-active which will return 3 if none of the units
given are active. It returns 3 with this comment:
/* According to LSB: "program is not running" */
As that does not make sense when looking for failed units I simply
chose 1 instead.
https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=55890
Fixed typos, serial comma, and removed "either" as there were more
than two options. Also did an extra rename of "system-shutdown"
to "systemd-shutdown" that was forgotten in commit
8bd3b8620c
Given that "journalctl -u" exists now there's no need to duplicate this
functionality in systemctl, so let's drop this, especially given that it
always felt a bit awkward to overload "-f" to both --force and --follow,
and to have continues output with a status header for this.
systemctl status -f avahi-daemon
now becomes:
journalctl -fu avahi-daemon
Which is shorter and a lot less redundant.
E.g. systemctl --all -t masked gives the list of masked units.
The -t/--type option is reused. This is possible because unit types
and unit load states are called differently, so it is possible to
distinguish what the user meant. Using the same option also means that
the interface is user for the user: less options to remember.
We finally got the OK from all contributors with non-trivial commits to
relicense systemd from GPL2+ to LGPL2.1+.
Some udev bits continue to be GPL2+ for now, but we are looking into
relicensing them too, to allow free copy/paste of all code within
systemd.
The bits that used to be MIT continue to be MIT.
The big benefit of the relicensing is that closed source code may now
link against libsystemd-login.so and friends.
Let's make things a bit easier to type, drop the systemd- prefix for
journalctl and loginctl, but provide the old names for compat.
All systemd binaries are hence now prefixed with "systemd-" with the
exception of the three primary user interface binaries:
systemctl
loginctl
journalctl
For those three we do provide systemd-xyz names as well, via symlinks:
systemd-systemctl → systemctl
systemd-loginctl → loginctl
systemd-journalctl → journalctl
We do this only for the *primary* user tools, in order to avoid
unnecessary namespace problems. That means tools like systemd-notify
stay the way they are.
Print the legend (the column headers and the footer with hints) by
default even to non-tty output. People seem to get confused by the
difference when they redirect the output.
Add a parameter to suppress the printing of the legend.
Related-to: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=713567
Add --root=<root> for enable/disable/is-enabled systemctl commands. To
be used for easily enable / disable systemd services for a chroot,
without running systemctl inside chroot.
This adds support for executing systemctl operations remotely or as
privileged user while still running systemctl itself unprivileged and
locally.
This currently requires a D-Bus patch to work properly.
https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=35230
Lennart has convinced me that it's more helpful to participate than to sit
on the sidelines and complain. So, hello everyone.
I'm starting by giving up the battle to change the systemctl "isolate"
command to "switch-to". Can't win them all. :) I've got a suggested patch
to expand the documentation a bit, hopefully making it more clear to new
systemd users.
Is there an easy way to list all units where AllowIsolate is enabled? That
should be included alongside this, I think.
Don't try to merge devices that have been created via dependencies when
they appear in the system and can be recognized as the same. Instead,
simply continue to maintain them independently of each other, however
with the same state cycle. Why? Because otherwise we'd have a hard time
to seperate the dependencies after the devices are unplugged again and
we hence cannot be sure anymore that next time the device is plugged in
it will carry the same names.
Example: if one depndency refers to dev-sda.device and another one to
dev-by-id-xxxyyy.device we only learn at time of plug in of the device
that it is actually the same device that was ment. In the moment the
device is unplugged again we won't know anymore their relation to each
other and the next time the harddisk is plugged it might even appear as
dev-by-id-xxxyyy.device and dev-sdb.service. To ensure the dependencies
continue to have the meaning they were intended to have let's hence keep
the .device objects seperate all the time, even when they are plugged
in.
This patch also introduces a new Following= property which points from
the various .device units of a specific device to the main .device unit
for it. This can be used by the client side to figure out the relation
of the .device units to each other and even filter units from display.
