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As Zbigniew pointed out a new ConditionFirstBoot= appears like the nicer
way to hook in systemd-firstboot.service on first boots (those with /etc
unpopulated), so let's do this, and get rid of the generator again.
A new tool "systemd-firstboot" can be used either interactively on boot,
where it will query basic locale, timezone, hostname, root password
information and set it. Or it can be used non-interactively from the
command line when prepareing disk images for booting. When used
non-inertactively the tool can either copy settings from the host, or
take settings on the command line.
$ systemd-firstboot --root=/path/to/my/new/root --copy-locale --copy-root-password --hostname=waldi
The tool will be automatically invoked (interactively) now on first boot
if /etc is found unpopulated.
This also creates the infrastructure for generators to be notified via
an environment variable whether they are running on the first boot, or
not.
This is useful to test the behaviour of the compressor for various buffer
sizes.
Time is limited to a minute per compression, since otherwise, when LZ4
takes more than a second which is necessary to reduce the noise, XZ
takes more than 10 minutes.
% build/test-compress-benchmark (without time limit)
XZ: compressed & decompressed 2535300963 bytes in 794.57s (3.04MiB/s), mean compresion 99.95%, skipped 3570 bytes
LZ4: compressed & decompressed 2535303543 bytes in 1.56s (1550.07MiB/s), mean compresion 99.60%, skipped 990 bytes
% build/test-compress-benchmark (with time limit)
XZ: compressed & decompressed 174321481 bytes in 60.02s (2.77MiB/s), mean compresion 99.76%, skipped 3570 bytes
LZ4: compressed & decompressed 2535303543 bytes in 1.63s (1480.83MiB/s), mean compresion 99.60%, skipped 990 bytes
It appears that there's a bug in lzma_end where it leaks 32 bytes.
This new tool is based on "sd-path", a new (so far unexported) API for
libsystemd, that can hopefully grow into a workable API covering /opt
and more one day.
When disk space taken up by coredumps grows beyond a configured limit
start removing the oldest coredump of the user with the most coredumps,
until we get below the limit again.
debug-generator can mask specific units if they are specified on the
kernel command line with systemd.mask=.
debug-generator can pull in debug-shell.service is systemd.debug-shell
is passed on the kernel command line.
In order to support offline updates to /usr, we need to be able to run
certain tasks on next boot-up to bring /etc and /var in line with the
updated /usr. Hence, let's devise a mechanism how we can detect whether
/etc or /var are not up-to-date with /usr anymore: we keep "touch
files" in /etc/.updated and /var/.updated that are mtime-compared with
/usr. This means:
Whenever the vendor OS tree in /usr is updated, and any services that
shall be executed at next boot shall be triggered, it is sufficient to
update the mtime of /usr itself. At next boot, if /etc/.updated and/or
/var/.updated is older than than /usr (or missing), we know we have to
run the update tools once. After that is completed we need to update the
mtime of these files to the one of /usr, to keep track that we made the
necessary updates, and won't repeat them on next reboot.
A subsequent commit adds a new ConditionNeedsUpdate= condition that
allows checking on boot whether /etc or /var are outdated and need
updating.
This is an early step to allow booting up with an empty /etc, with
automatic rebuilding of the necessary cache files or user databases
therein, as well as supporting later updates of /usr that then propagate
to /etc and /var again.
systemd-sysusers is a tool to reconstruct /etc/passwd and /etc/group
from static definition files that take a lot of inspiration from
tmpfiles snippets. These snippets should carry information about system
users only. To make sure it is not misused for normal users these
snippets only allow configuring UID and gecos field for each user, but
do not allow configuration of the home directory or shell, which is
necessary for real login users.
The purpose of this tool is to enable state-less systems that can
populate /etc with the minimal files necessary, solely from static data
in /usr. systemd-sysuser is additive only, and will never override
existing users.
This tool will create these files directly, and not via some user
database abtsraction layer. This is appropriate as this tool is supposed
to run really early at boot, and is only useful for creating system
users, and system users cannot be stored in remote databases anyway.
The tool is also useful to be invoked from RPM scriptlets, instead of
useradd. This allows moving from imperative user descriptions in RPM to
declarative descriptions.
The UID/GID for a user/group to be created can either be chosen dynamic,
or fixed, or be read from the owner of a file in the file system, in
order to support reconstructing the correct IDs for files that shall be
owned by them.
This also adds a minimal user definition file, that should be
sufficient for most basic systems. Distributions are expected to patch
these files and augment the contents, for example with fixed UIDs for
the users where that's necessary.
Reuses logic from service.c and the rc-local generator.
Note that this drops reading of chkconfig entirely. It also drops reading
runlevels from the LSB headers. The runlevels were only used to check for
runlevels outside of the normal 1-5 range and then add special dependencies
and settings. Special runlevels were dropped in the past so it seemed to be
unused code.
The generator does not know about non-generated units with a value set with
SysVStartPriority=. These are therefor not taken into account when converting
start priority to before/after.
New "struct ring" object that implements a basic ring buffer for arbitrary
byte-streams. A new basic runtime test is also added.
This will be needed for our pty helpers for systemd-console and friends.
signal(7) provides a list of functions which may be called from a
signal handler. Other functions, which only call those functions and
don't access global memory and are reentrant are also safe.
sd_j_sendv was mostly OK, but would call mkostemp and writev in a
fallback path, which are unsafe.
Being able to call sd_j_sendv in a async-signal-safe way is important
because it allows it be used in signal handlers.
Safety is achieved by replacing mkostemp with open(O_TMPFILE) and an
open-coded writev replacement which uses write. Unfortunately,
O_TMPFILE is only available on kernels >= 3.11. When O_TMPFILE is
unavailable, an open-coded mkostemp is used.
https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=722889
A compatibility libsystemd-login library is created which uses
.symver and ifunc magic proposed by Lennart to make programs linked
to the old library name continue to work seamlessly.
Unfortunately the bfd linker crashes:
https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=16467
This will be fixed in binutils 2.25.
As a work-around, gold can be used:
LDFLAGS=-Wl,-fuse-ld=gold
Unfortunately the switch to pick the linker appeared in gcc 4.8.
This also doesn't work with LLVM:
http://llvm.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=11897
It is nicer to predefine patterns using configure time check instead of
using casts everywhere.
Since we do not need to use any flags, include "%" in the format instead
of excluding it like PRI* macros.
systemd-bus-driverd is a small daemon that connects to kdbus and
implements the org.freedesktop.DBus interface. IOW, it provides the bus
functions traditionally taken care for by dbus-daemon.
Calls are proxied to kdbus, either via libsystemd-bus (were applicable)
or with the open-coded use of ioctl().
Note that the implementation is not yet finished as the functions to
add and remove matches and to start services by name are still missing.
This way we can unify handling of credentials that are attached to
messages, or can be queried for bus name owners or connection peers.
This also adds the ability to extend incomplete credential information
with data from /proc,
Also, provide a convenience call that will automatically determine the
most appropriate credential object for an incoming message, by using the
the attached information if possible, the sending name information if
available and otherwise the peer's credentials.
I know that this is a pretty big net to catch some small fish,
but we *do* regularly forget to properly export symbols that
were supposed to be exported.
This time sd_bus_get_current and some renamed symbols are caught.
This daemon listens for and configures network devices tagged with
'systemd-networkd'. By default, no devices are tagged so this daemon
can safely run in parallel with existing network daemons/scripts.
Networks are configured in /etc/systemd/network/*.network. The first .network
file that matches a given link is applied. The matching logic is similar to
the one for .link files, but additionally supports matching on interface name.
The mid-term aim is to provide an alternative to ad-hoc scripts currently used
in initrd's and for wired setups that don't change much (e.g., as seen on
servers/and some embedded systems).
Currently, static addresses and a gateway can be configured.
Example .network file:
[Match]
Name=wlp2s0
[Network]
Description=My Network
Gateway=192.168.1.1
Address=192.168.1.23/24
Address=fe80::9aee:94ff:fe3f:c618/64
src/systemctl/systemctl.c: In function ‘get_listening’:
src/systemctl/systemctl.c:535:25: warning: declaration of ‘listen’ shadows a global declaration [-Wshadow]
src/systemctl/systemctl.c: In function ‘list_sockets’:
src/systemctl/systemctl.c:690:44: warning: declaration of ‘listen’ shadows a global declaration [-Wshadow]
This is intentionally as similar to sd-bus as possible. While it
would be simple to export it, the intentions is to keep this
internal (at least for the forseeable future).
Currently only synchronous communication is implemented
The thing is a daemon, hence needs a "d" prefix. Also, we tend to not
abbreviate names of background components unnecessarily, since they are
not primary commands people type. Then, the fact that this thing does
socket actviation is mostly in implementationd detail for the proxy.
Also, do some minor indenting clean-ups and other code updates.
So far we tried to use epoll directly wherever we needed an event loop.
However, that has various shortcomings, such as the inability to handle
larger amounts of timers (since each timerfd costs one fd, which is a
very limited resource, usually bounded to 1024), and inability to do
priorisation between multiple queued events.
Let's add a minimal event loop API around epoll that is suitable for
implementation of our own daemons and maybe one day can become public
API for those who desire it.
This loop is part of libsystemd-bus, but may be used independently of
it.
This adds a lightweight scheme how to define interfaces in static fixed
arrays which then can be easily registered on a bus connection. This
makes it much easier to write bus services.
This automatically handles implementation of the Properties,
ObjectManager, and Introspection bus interfaces.
Prefer firmware-provided performance data over loader-exported ones; if
ACPI data is available, always use it, otherwise try to read the loader
data.
The firmware-provided variables start at the time the first EFI image
is executed and end when the operating system exits the boot services;
the (loader) time calculated in systemd-analyze increases.
In the process, rename udev_encode_string which is poorly named for what
it does. It deals specifically with encoding names that udev creates and
has its own rules: utf8 is valid but some ascii is not (e.g. path
separators), and everything else is simply escaped. Rename it to
encode_devnode_name.
There's now some more obvious overlap amongst the two utf8 validation
functions, but no more than there already was previously.
This also adds some menial tests for anyone who wants to do more
merging of these two in the future.
As many laptops don't save/restore screen brightness across reboots,
let's do this in systemd with a minimal tool, that restores the
brightness as early as possible, and saves it as late as possible. This
will cover consoles and graphical logins, but graphical desktops should
do their own per-user stuff probably.
This only touches firmware brightness controls for now.
This adds a simple generator that is capable of automatically
discovering certain GPT partitions by their type UUID and mount/enable
them. This currently covers swap partitions and /home partitions, but is
expected to grow more features soon.
This currently doesn't handle LUKS encrypted /home.
This enables all swap partitions of type
0657fd6da4ab43c484e50933c84b4f4f, if found.
This mounts the first partition of type 933ac7e12eb44f13b8440e14e2aef915
as /home, if it is found.
Enable coverage with --enable-coverage.
"make coverage" will create the report locally,
"make coverage-sync" will upload the report to
http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/coverage/.
Requires lcov version 1.10 to handle naming in systemd and to
use the --no-external option.
[zj: make the coverage at least generate something with
separate build dir, simplify rules a bit: all errors
are mine. ]
Embedded folks don't need the machine registration stuff, hence it's
nice to make this optional. Also, I'd expect that machinectl will grow
additional commands quickly, for example to join existing containers and
suchlike, hence it's better keeping that separate from loginctl.
Transient units can be created via the bus API. They are configured via
the method call parameters rather than on-disk files. They are subject
to normal GC. Transient units currently may only be created for
services (however, we will extend this), and currently only ExecStart=
and the cgroup parameters can be configured (also to be extended).
Transient units require a unique name, that previously had no
configuration file on disk.
A tool systemd-run is added that makes use of this functionality to run
arbitrary command lines as transient services:
$ systemd-run /bin/ping www.heise.de
Will cause systemd to create a new transient service and run ping in it.
Implement this with a proper state machine, so that newlines and
escaped chars can appear in string assignments. This should bring the
parser much closer to shell.
This makes it easier to add substitutions to man pages,
avoiding the separate transformation step.
mkdir -p's are removed from the rule, because xsltproc will
will create directories on it's own.
All in all, two or three forks per man page are avoided,
which should make things marginally faster.
Unfortunately python parsers must too be tweaked to handle
entities. This isn't particularly easy: with lxml a custom
Resolver can be used, but the stdlib etree doesn't support
external entities *at all*. So when running without lxml,
the entities are just removed. Right now it doesn't matter,
since the entities are not indexed anyway. But I intend to
add indexing of filenames in the near future, and then the
index generated without lxml might be missing a few lines.
Oh well.
adds test of:
strv_find
strv_find_prefix
strv_overlap
strv_sort
streq_ptr
first_word
Splits tests of util.c into own file to avoid clutter as we add more.
Removed a few prints and uses _cleanup_free_ to make the tests more focused.
This allows us to print simple performance data of all parts of the boot now:
- firmware
- boot loader
- kernel
- initrd
- userspace
This only works for bootloaders which support passing TSC data via EFI
variables. As of now that's only gummiboot.
This saves test output to individual .log files.
The driver is only used in /Makefile.am, not in
/docs/*udev/Makefile.am because the latter don't seem to work with
this driver. They don't produce much output anyway.
.gitignore is alphabetized, and .log files are added to it.
Generated files from /build-aux are removed from the list.
The message catalog can be used to attach short help texts to log lines,
keyed by their MESSAGE_ID= fields. This is useful to help the
administrator understand the context and cause of a message, find
possible solutions and find further related documentation.
Since this is keyed off MESSAGE_ID= this will only work for native
journal messages.
The message catalog supports i18n, and is useful to augment english
language system messages with explanations in the local language.
This commit only includes short explanatory messages for a few example
message IDs, we'll add more complete documentation for the relevant
systemd messages later on.
A service that only sets the scheduling policy to round-robin
fails to be started. This is because the cpu_sched_priority is
initialized to 0 and is not adjusted when the policy is changed.
Clamp the cpu_sched_priority when the scheduler policy is set. Use
the current policy to validate the new priority.
Change the manual page to state that the given range only applies
to the real-time scheduling policies.
Add a testcase that verifies this change:
$ make test-sched-prio; ./test-sched-prio
[test/sched_idle_bad.service:6] CPU scheduling priority is out of range, ignoring: 1
[test/sched_rr_bad.service:7] CPU scheduling priority is out of range, ignoring: 0
[test/sched_rr_bad.service:8] CPU scheduling priority is out of range, ignoring: 100
When traversing entry array chains for a bisection or for retrieving an
item by index we previously always started at the beginning of the
chain. Since we tend to look at the same chains repeatedly, let's cache
where we have been the last time, and maybe we can skip ahead with this
the next time.
This turns most bisections and index lookups from O(log(n)*log(n)) into
O(log(n)). More importantly however, we seek around on disk much less,
which is good to reduce buffer cache and seek times on rotational disks.
Much like logind has a client in loginctl, and journald in journalctl
introduce timedatectl, to change the system time (incl. RTC), timezones
and related settings.
Valgrind says:
==29176== Conditional jump or move depends on uninitialised value(s)
==29176== at 0x412A85: cunescape_length_with_prefix (util.c:1565)
==29176== by 0x40B351: dev_kmsg_record (journald-kmsg.c:301)
==29176== by 0x40B653: server_read_dev_kmsg (journald-kmsg.c:347)
==29176== by 0x40B701: server_flush_dev_kmsg (journald-kmsg.c:365)
==29176== by 0x409DE7: main (journald.c:1535)
This minimal HTTP server can serve journal data via HTTP. Its primary
purpose is synchronization of journal data across the network. It serves
journal data in three formats:
text/plain: the text format known from /var/log/messages
application/json: the journal entries formatted as JSON
application/vnd.fdo.journal: the binary export format of the journal
The HTTP server also serves a small HTML5 app that makes use of the JSON
serialization to present the journal data to the user.
Examples:
This downloads the journal in text format:
# systemctl start systemd-journal-gatewayd.service
# wget http://localhost:19531/entries
Same for JSON:
# curl -H"Accept: application/json" http://localhost:19531/entries
Access via web browser:
$ firefox http://localhost:19531/
we now can take multiple matches, and they will apply as AND if they
apply to different fields and OR if they apply to the same fields. Also,
terms of this kind can be combined with an overreaching OR.
This makes sure that
systemctl status /home
is implicitly translated to:
systemctl status /home.mount
Similar, /dev/foobar becomes dev-foobar.device.
Also, all characters that cannot be part of a unit name are implicitly
escaped.
since the binaries share much of the same code and we better load only
one binary instead of two from disk at early boot let's merge the three
readahead binaries into one. This also allows us to drop a lot of
duplicated code.
This adds minimal hardware watchdog support to PID 1. The idea is that
PID 1 supervises and watchdogs system services, while the hardware
watchdog is used to supervise PID 1.
This adds two hardware watchdog configuration options, for the runtime
watchdog and for a shutdown watchdog. The former is active during normal
operation, the latter only at reboots to ensure that if a clean reboot
times out we reboot nonetheless.
If the runtime watchdog is enabled PID 1 will automatically wake up at
half the configured interval and write to the watchdog daemon.
By default we enable the shutdown watchdog, but leave the runtime
watchdog disabled in order not to break independent hardware watchdog
daemons people might be using.
This is only the most basic hookup. If necessary we can later on hook
up the watchdog ping more closely with services deemed crucial.
This logic can be turned off by defining SD_JOURNAL_SUPPRESS_LOCATION
before including sd-journal.h.
This also saves/restores errno in all logging functions, in order to be
useful as logging calls without side-effects.
This also adds a couple of __unlikely__ around the early checks in the
logging calls, in order to minimize the runtime impact.
Let's make things a bit easier to type, drop the systemd- prefix for
journalctl and loginctl, but provide the old names for compat.
All systemd binaries are hence now prefixed with "systemd-" with the
exception of the three primary user interface binaries:
systemctl
loginctl
journalctl
For those three we do provide systemd-xyz names as well, via symlinks:
systemd-systemctl → systemctl
systemd-loginctl → loginctl
systemd-journalctl → journalctl
We do this only for the *primary* user tools, in order to avoid
unnecessary namespace problems. That means tools like systemd-notify
stay the way they are.
In preparation for https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=655380 we
decided it's better to include the multi-seat X wrapper in systemd,
rather than gdm. (Side effect: this makes this accessible for other
DMs)
This is a stop-gap for now, until X gins proper multi-seat graphics
support at which point this code will go away without replacement.
