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This tool will warn about misspelt directives, unknown sections, and
non-executable commands. It will also catch the common mistake of
using Accept=yes with a non-template unit and vice versa.
https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=56607
The unifont layer of libsystemd-terminal provides a fallback font for
situations where no system-fonts are available, or if you don't want to
deal with traditional font-formats for some reasons.
The unifont API mmaps a pre-compiled bitmap font that was generated out of
GNU-Unifont font-data. This guarantees, that all users of the font will
share the pages in memory. Furthermore, the layout of the binary file
allows accessing glyph data in O(1) without pre-rendering glyphs etc. That
is, the OS can skip loading pages for glyphs that we never access.
Note that this is currently a test-run and we want to include the binary
file in the GNU-Unifont package. However, until it was considered stable
and accepted by the maintainers, we will ship it as part of systemd. So
far it's only enabled with the experimental --enable-terminal, anyway.
The systemd-subterm example is a stacked terminal that shows how to
use sd-term. Instead of rendering images and displaying it via X11/etc.,
it uses its parent terminal to display the page (terminal-emulator inside
a terminal-emulator) (like GNU-screen and friends do).
This is only for testing and not installed system-wide!
The term-parser is used to parse any input from TTY-clients. It reads CSI,
DCS, OSC and ST control sequences and normal escape sequences. It doesn't
do anything with the parsed data besides detecting the sequence and
returning it. The caller has to react to them.
The parser also comes with its own UTF-8 helpers. The reason for that is
that we don't want to assert() or hard-fail on parsing errors. Instead,
we treat any invalid UTF-8 sequences as ISO-8859-1. This allows pasting
invalid data into a terminal (which cannot be controlled through the TTY,
anyway) and we still deal with it in a proper manner.
This is _required_ for 8-bit and 7-bit DEC modes (including the g0-g3
mappings), so it's not just an ugly fallback because we can (it's still
horribly ugly but at least we have an excuse).
This commit introduces libsystemd-ui, a systemd-internal helper library
that will contain all the UI related functionality. It is going to be used
by systemd-welcomed, systemd-consoled, systemd-greeter and systemd-er.
Further use-cases may follow.
For now, this commit only adds terminal-page handling based on lines only.
Follow-up commits will add more functionality.
This Pty API wraps the ugliness that is POSIX PTY. It takes care of:
- edge-triggered HUP handling (avoid heavy CPU-usage on vhangup)
- HUP vs. input-queue draining (handle HUP _after_ draining the whole
input queue)
- SIGCHLD vs. HUP (HUP is no reliable way to catch PTY deaths, always
use SIGCHLD. Otherwise, vhangup() and friends will break.)
- Output queue buffering (async EPOLLOUT handling)
- synchronous setup (via Barrier API)
At the same time, the PTY API does not execve(). It simply fork()s and
leaves everything else to the caller. Usually, they execve() but we
support other setups, too.
This will be needed by multiple UI binaries (systemd-console, systemd-er,
...) so it's placed in src/shared/. It's not strictly related to
libsystemd-terminal, so it's not included there.
The "Barrier" object is a simple inter-process barrier implementation. It
allows placing synchronization points and waiting for the other side to
reach it. Additionally, it has an abortion-mechanism as second-layer
synchronization to send abortion-events asynchronously to the other side.
The API is usually used to synchronize processes during fork(). However,
it can be extended to pass state through execve() so you could synchronize
beyond execve().
Usually, it's used like this (error-handling replaced by assert() for
simplicity):
Barrier b;
r = barrier_init(&b);
assert_se(r >= 0);
pid = fork();
assert_se(pid >= 0);
if (pid == 0) {
barrier_set_role(&b, BARRIER_CHILD);
...do child post-setup...
if (CHILD_SETUP_FAILED)
exit(1);
...child setup done...
barrier_place(&b);
if (!barrier_sync(&b)) {
/* parent setup failed */
exit(1);
}
barrier_destroy(&b); /* redundant as execve() and exit() imply this */
/* parent & child setup successful */
execve(...);
}
barrier_set_role(&b, BARRIER_PARENT);
...do parent post-setup...
if (PARENT_SETUP_FAILED) {
barrier_abort(&b); /* send abortion event */
barrier_wait_abortion(&b); /* wait for child to abort (exit() implies abortion) */
barrier_destroy(&b);
...bail out...
}
...parent setup done...
barrier_place(&b);
if (!barrier_sync(&b)) {
...child setup failed... ;
barrier_destroy(&b);
...bail out...
}
barrier_destroy(&b);
...child setup successfull...
This is the most basic API. Using barrier_place() to place barriers and
barrier_sync() to perform a full synchronization between both processes.
barrier_abort() places an abortion barrier which superceeds any other
barriers, exit() (or barrier_destroy()) places an abortion-barrier that
queues behind existing barriers (thus *not* replacing existing barriers
unlike barrier_abort()).
This example uses hard-synchronization with wait_abortion(), sync() and
friends. These are all optional. Barriers are highly dynamic and can be
used for one-way synchronization or even no synchronization at all
(postponing it for later). The sync() call performs a full two-way
synchronization.
The API is documented and should be fairly self-explanatory. A test-suite
shows some special semantics regarding abortion, wait_next() and exit().
Internally, barriers use two eventfds and a pipe. The pipe is used to
detect exit()s of the remote side as eventfds do not allow that. The
eventfds are used to place barriers, one for each side. Barriers itself
are numbered, but the numbers are reused once both sides reached the same
barrier, thus you cannot address barriers by the index. Moreover, the
numbering is implicit and we only store a counter. This makes the
implementation itself very lightweight, which is probably negligible
considering that we need 3 FDs for a barrier..
Last but not least: This barrier implementation is quite heavy. It's
definitely not meant for fast IPC synchronization. However, it's very easy
to use. And given the *HUGE* overhead of fork(), the barrier-overhead
should be negligible.
Let's turn resolved into a something truly useful: a fully asynchronous
DNS stub resolver that subscribes to network changes.
(More to come: caching, LLMNR, mDNS/DNS-SD, DNSSEC, IDN, NSS module)
As Zbigniew pointed out a new ConditionFirstBoot= appears like the nicer
way to hook in systemd-firstboot.service on first boots (those with /etc
unpopulated), so let's do this, and get rid of the generator again.
A new tool "systemd-firstboot" can be used either interactively on boot,
where it will query basic locale, timezone, hostname, root password
information and set it. Or it can be used non-interactively from the
command line when prepareing disk images for booting. When used
non-inertactively the tool can either copy settings from the host, or
take settings on the command line.
$ systemd-firstboot --root=/path/to/my/new/root --copy-locale --copy-root-password --hostname=waldi
The tool will be automatically invoked (interactively) now on first boot
if /etc is found unpopulated.
This also creates the infrastructure for generators to be notified via
an environment variable whether they are running on the first boot, or
not.
This is useful to test the behaviour of the compressor for various buffer
sizes.
Time is limited to a minute per compression, since otherwise, when LZ4
takes more than a second which is necessary to reduce the noise, XZ
takes more than 10 minutes.
% build/test-compress-benchmark (without time limit)
XZ: compressed & decompressed 2535300963 bytes in 794.57s (3.04MiB/s), mean compresion 99.95%, skipped 3570 bytes
LZ4: compressed & decompressed 2535303543 bytes in 1.56s (1550.07MiB/s), mean compresion 99.60%, skipped 990 bytes
% build/test-compress-benchmark (with time limit)
XZ: compressed & decompressed 174321481 bytes in 60.02s (2.77MiB/s), mean compresion 99.76%, skipped 3570 bytes
LZ4: compressed & decompressed 2535303543 bytes in 1.63s (1480.83MiB/s), mean compresion 99.60%, skipped 990 bytes
It appears that there's a bug in lzma_end where it leaks 32 bytes.
This new tool is based on "sd-path", a new (so far unexported) API for
libsystemd, that can hopefully grow into a workable API covering /opt
and more one day.
When disk space taken up by coredumps grows beyond a configured limit
start removing the oldest coredump of the user with the most coredumps,
until we get below the limit again.
debug-generator can mask specific units if they are specified on the
kernel command line with systemd.mask=.
debug-generator can pull in debug-shell.service is systemd.debug-shell
is passed on the kernel command line.
In order to support offline updates to /usr, we need to be able to run
certain tasks on next boot-up to bring /etc and /var in line with the
updated /usr. Hence, let's devise a mechanism how we can detect whether
/etc or /var are not up-to-date with /usr anymore: we keep "touch
files" in /etc/.updated and /var/.updated that are mtime-compared with
/usr. This means:
Whenever the vendor OS tree in /usr is updated, and any services that
shall be executed at next boot shall be triggered, it is sufficient to
update the mtime of /usr itself. At next boot, if /etc/.updated and/or
/var/.updated is older than than /usr (or missing), we know we have to
run the update tools once. After that is completed we need to update the
mtime of these files to the one of /usr, to keep track that we made the
necessary updates, and won't repeat them on next reboot.
A subsequent commit adds a new ConditionNeedsUpdate= condition that
allows checking on boot whether /etc or /var are outdated and need
updating.
This is an early step to allow booting up with an empty /etc, with
automatic rebuilding of the necessary cache files or user databases
therein, as well as supporting later updates of /usr that then propagate
to /etc and /var again.
systemd-sysusers is a tool to reconstruct /etc/passwd and /etc/group
from static definition files that take a lot of inspiration from
tmpfiles snippets. These snippets should carry information about system
users only. To make sure it is not misused for normal users these
snippets only allow configuring UID and gecos field for each user, but
do not allow configuration of the home directory or shell, which is
necessary for real login users.
The purpose of this tool is to enable state-less systems that can
populate /etc with the minimal files necessary, solely from static data
in /usr. systemd-sysuser is additive only, and will never override
existing users.
This tool will create these files directly, and not via some user
database abtsraction layer. This is appropriate as this tool is supposed
to run really early at boot, and is only useful for creating system
users, and system users cannot be stored in remote databases anyway.
The tool is also useful to be invoked from RPM scriptlets, instead of
useradd. This allows moving from imperative user descriptions in RPM to
declarative descriptions.
The UID/GID for a user/group to be created can either be chosen dynamic,
or fixed, or be read from the owner of a file in the file system, in
order to support reconstructing the correct IDs for files that shall be
owned by them.
This also adds a minimal user definition file, that should be
sufficient for most basic systems. Distributions are expected to patch
these files and augment the contents, for example with fixed UIDs for
the users where that's necessary.
Reuses logic from service.c and the rc-local generator.
Note that this drops reading of chkconfig entirely. It also drops reading
runlevels from the LSB headers. The runlevels were only used to check for
runlevels outside of the normal 1-5 range and then add special dependencies
and settings. Special runlevels were dropped in the past so it seemed to be
unused code.
The generator does not know about non-generated units with a value set with
SysVStartPriority=. These are therefor not taken into account when converting
start priority to before/after.
New "struct ring" object that implements a basic ring buffer for arbitrary
byte-streams. A new basic runtime test is also added.
This will be needed for our pty helpers for systemd-console and friends.
signal(7) provides a list of functions which may be called from a
signal handler. Other functions, which only call those functions and
don't access global memory and are reentrant are also safe.
sd_j_sendv was mostly OK, but would call mkostemp and writev in a
fallback path, which are unsafe.
Being able to call sd_j_sendv in a async-signal-safe way is important
because it allows it be used in signal handlers.
Safety is achieved by replacing mkostemp with open(O_TMPFILE) and an
open-coded writev replacement which uses write. Unfortunately,
O_TMPFILE is only available on kernels >= 3.11. When O_TMPFILE is
unavailable, an open-coded mkostemp is used.
https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=722889
A compatibility libsystemd-login library is created which uses
.symver and ifunc magic proposed by Lennart to make programs linked
to the old library name continue to work seamlessly.
Unfortunately the bfd linker crashes:
https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=16467
This will be fixed in binutils 2.25.
As a work-around, gold can be used:
LDFLAGS=-Wl,-fuse-ld=gold
Unfortunately the switch to pick the linker appeared in gcc 4.8.
This also doesn't work with LLVM:
http://llvm.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=11897
It is nicer to predefine patterns using configure time check instead of
using casts everywhere.
Since we do not need to use any flags, include "%" in the format instead
of excluding it like PRI* macros.
systemd-bus-driverd is a small daemon that connects to kdbus and
implements the org.freedesktop.DBus interface. IOW, it provides the bus
functions traditionally taken care for by dbus-daemon.
Calls are proxied to kdbus, either via libsystemd-bus (were applicable)
or with the open-coded use of ioctl().
Note that the implementation is not yet finished as the functions to
add and remove matches and to start services by name are still missing.
This way we can unify handling of credentials that are attached to
messages, or can be queried for bus name owners or connection peers.
This also adds the ability to extend incomplete credential information
with data from /proc,
Also, provide a convenience call that will automatically determine the
most appropriate credential object for an incoming message, by using the
the attached information if possible, the sending name information if
available and otherwise the peer's credentials.
I know that this is a pretty big net to catch some small fish,
but we *do* regularly forget to properly export symbols that
were supposed to be exported.
This time sd_bus_get_current and some renamed symbols are caught.
This daemon listens for and configures network devices tagged with
'systemd-networkd'. By default, no devices are tagged so this daemon
can safely run in parallel with existing network daemons/scripts.
Networks are configured in /etc/systemd/network/*.network. The first .network
file that matches a given link is applied. The matching logic is similar to
the one for .link files, but additionally supports matching on interface name.
The mid-term aim is to provide an alternative to ad-hoc scripts currently used
in initrd's and for wired setups that don't change much (e.g., as seen on
servers/and some embedded systems).
Currently, static addresses and a gateway can be configured.
Example .network file:
[Match]
Name=wlp2s0
[Network]
Description=My Network
Gateway=192.168.1.1
Address=192.168.1.23/24
Address=fe80::9aee:94ff:fe3f:c618/64
src/systemctl/systemctl.c: In function ‘get_listening’:
src/systemctl/systemctl.c:535:25: warning: declaration of ‘listen’ shadows a global declaration [-Wshadow]
src/systemctl/systemctl.c: In function ‘list_sockets’:
src/systemctl/systemctl.c:690:44: warning: declaration of ‘listen’ shadows a global declaration [-Wshadow]
This is intentionally as similar to sd-bus as possible. While it
would be simple to export it, the intentions is to keep this
internal (at least for the forseeable future).
Currently only synchronous communication is implemented
The thing is a daemon, hence needs a "d" prefix. Also, we tend to not
abbreviate names of background components unnecessarily, since they are
not primary commands people type. Then, the fact that this thing does
socket actviation is mostly in implementationd detail for the proxy.
Also, do some minor indenting clean-ups and other code updates.
So far we tried to use epoll directly wherever we needed an event loop.
However, that has various shortcomings, such as the inability to handle
larger amounts of timers (since each timerfd costs one fd, which is a
very limited resource, usually bounded to 1024), and inability to do
priorisation between multiple queued events.
Let's add a minimal event loop API around epoll that is suitable for
implementation of our own daemons and maybe one day can become public
API for those who desire it.
This loop is part of libsystemd-bus, but may be used independently of
it.
This adds a lightweight scheme how to define interfaces in static fixed
arrays which then can be easily registered on a bus connection. This
makes it much easier to write bus services.
This automatically handles implementation of the Properties,
ObjectManager, and Introspection bus interfaces.
Prefer firmware-provided performance data over loader-exported ones; if
ACPI data is available, always use it, otherwise try to read the loader
data.
The firmware-provided variables start at the time the first EFI image
is executed and end when the operating system exits the boot services;
the (loader) time calculated in systemd-analyze increases.
In the process, rename udev_encode_string which is poorly named for what
it does. It deals specifically with encoding names that udev creates and
has its own rules: utf8 is valid but some ascii is not (e.g. path
separators), and everything else is simply escaped. Rename it to
encode_devnode_name.
There's now some more obvious overlap amongst the two utf8 validation
functions, but no more than there already was previously.
This also adds some menial tests for anyone who wants to do more
merging of these two in the future.
As many laptops don't save/restore screen brightness across reboots,
let's do this in systemd with a minimal tool, that restores the
brightness as early as possible, and saves it as late as possible. This
will cover consoles and graphical logins, but graphical desktops should
do their own per-user stuff probably.
This only touches firmware brightness controls for now.
This adds a simple generator that is capable of automatically
discovering certain GPT partitions by their type UUID and mount/enable
them. This currently covers swap partitions and /home partitions, but is
expected to grow more features soon.
This currently doesn't handle LUKS encrypted /home.
This enables all swap partitions of type
0657fd6da4ab43c484e50933c84b4f4f, if found.
This mounts the first partition of type 933ac7e12eb44f13b8440e14e2aef915
as /home, if it is found.
Enable coverage with --enable-coverage.
"make coverage" will create the report locally,
"make coverage-sync" will upload the report to
http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/coverage/.
Requires lcov version 1.10 to handle naming in systemd and to
use the --no-external option.
[zj: make the coverage at least generate something with
separate build dir, simplify rules a bit: all errors
are mine. ]
Embedded folks don't need the machine registration stuff, hence it's
nice to make this optional. Also, I'd expect that machinectl will grow
additional commands quickly, for example to join existing containers and
suchlike, hence it's better keeping that separate from loginctl.
Transient units can be created via the bus API. They are configured via
the method call parameters rather than on-disk files. They are subject
to normal GC. Transient units currently may only be created for
services (however, we will extend this), and currently only ExecStart=
and the cgroup parameters can be configured (also to be extended).
Transient units require a unique name, that previously had no
configuration file on disk.
A tool systemd-run is added that makes use of this functionality to run
arbitrary command lines as transient services:
$ systemd-run /bin/ping www.heise.de
Will cause systemd to create a new transient service and run ping in it.
Implement this with a proper state machine, so that newlines and
escaped chars can appear in string assignments. This should bring the
parser much closer to shell.
This makes it easier to add substitutions to man pages,
avoiding the separate transformation step.
mkdir -p's are removed from the rule, because xsltproc will
will create directories on it's own.
All in all, two or three forks per man page are avoided,
which should make things marginally faster.
Unfortunately python parsers must too be tweaked to handle
entities. This isn't particularly easy: with lxml a custom
Resolver can be used, but the stdlib etree doesn't support
external entities *at all*. So when running without lxml,
the entities are just removed. Right now it doesn't matter,
since the entities are not indexed anyway. But I intend to
add indexing of filenames in the near future, and then the
index generated without lxml might be missing a few lines.
Oh well.
