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In the past bridge devices used to be created with a generated MAC address
thwarting the inheritance of the first slave's MAC address. This has been
changed by commit [1] some time ago. Reflect that behavioral change in the
documentation.
[1] deb2cfa4c6 ("networkd: do not generate MAC for bridge device.")
The new option --json= works with the 'security' verb and takes in one of three format flags.
These are off which is the default, pretty and short which use JSON format flags for output.
When set to true, it generates a JSON formatted output of the security analysis table. The
format is a JSON array with objects containing the following fields: set which indicates if
the id has been set or not, name which is what is used to refer to the id, json_field
which is the equivalent JSON formatted id name only used for JSON outputs, description which
is an outline of the id state, and exposure which is an unsigned integer in the range 0.0..10.0,
where a higher value corresponds to a higher security threat. The JSON version of the table is
printed on the standard output file.
Example Run:
The unit file testfile.service was created to test the --json= option
maanya-goenka@debian:~/systemd (json-security)$ cat <<EOF >testfile.service
> [Service]
> ExecStart = echo hello
> PrivateNetwork = yes
> PrivateMounts = yes
> PrivateDevices = yes
> EOF
Both the JSON output and the security analysis table below have been truncated to increase readability.
1. Testing for when --json=off
maanya-goenka@debian:~/systemd (json-security)$ sudo build/systemd-analyze security --json=off --root= --offline=true
testfile.service --no-pager
/usr/lib/systemd/system/plymouth-start.service:15: Unit configured to use KillMode=none. This is unsafe, as it disables systemd's
process lifecycle management for the service. Please update your service to use a safer KillMode=, such as 'mixed' or 'control-group'.
Support for KillMode=none is deprecated and will eventually be removed.
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dbus.socket:5: ListenStream= references a path below legacy directory /var/run/, updating
/var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket → /run/dbus/system_bus_socket; please update the unit file accordingly.
/usr/lib/systemd/system/gdm.service:30: Standard output type syslog is obsolete, automatically updating to journal. Please update your
unit file, and consider removing the setting altogether.
/home/maanya-goenka/systemd/foo.service:2: Unknown key name 'foo' in section 'Unit', ignoring.
NAME DESCRIPTION EXPOSURE
✓ PrivateNetwork= Service has no access to the host's network
✗ User=/DynamicUser= Service runs as root user 0.4
✗ CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SET(UID|GID|PCAP) Service may change UID/GID identities/capabilities 0.3
✗ CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_NET_ADMIN Service has administrator privileges 0.3
→ Overall exposure level for testfile.service: 8.3 EXPOSED 🙁
2. Testing for when --json=pretty
maanya-goenka@debian:~/systemd (json-security)$ sudo build/systemd-analyze security --json=pretty --root= --offline=true
testfile.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/plymouth-start.service:15: Unit configured to use KillMode=none. This is unsafe, as it disables systemd's
process lifecycle management for the service. Please update your service to use a safer KillMode=, such as 'mixed' or 'control-group'.
Support for KillMode=none is deprecated and will eventually be removed.
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dbus.socket:5: ListenStream= references a path below legacy directory /var/run/, updating
/var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket → /run/dbus/system_bus_socket; please update the unit file accordingly.
/usr/lib/systemd/system/gdm.service:30: Standard output type syslog is obsolete, automatically updating to journal. Please update your
unit file, and consider removing the setting altogether.
/home/maanya-goenka/systemd/foo.service:2: Unknown key name 'foo' in section 'Unit', ignoring.
[
{
"set" : true,
"name" : "PrivateNetwork=",
"json-field" : "PrivateNetwork",
"description" : "Service has no access to the host's network",
"exposure" : null
},
{
"set" : false,
"name" : "User=/DynamicUser=",
"json-field" : "UserOrDynamicUser",
"decsription" : "Service runs as root user",
"exposure" : "0.4"
},
{
"set" : false,
"name" : "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SET(UID|GID|PCAP)",
"json_field" : "CapabilityBoundingSet_CAP_SET_UID_GID_PCAP",
"description" : "Service may change UID/GID identities/capabilities",
"exposure" : "0.3"
},
{
"set" : false,
"name" : "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_NET_ADMIN",
"json_field" : "CapabilityBoundingSet_CAP_NET_ADMIN",
"description" : "Service has administrator privileges",
"exposure" : "0.3"
},
...
]
3. Testing for when --json=short
maanya-goenka@debian:~/systemd (json-security)$ sudo build/systemd-analyze security --json=short --root= --offline=true
testfile.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/plymouth-start.service:15: Unit configured to use KillMode=none. This is unsafe, as it disables systemd's
process lifecycle management for the service. Please update your service to use a safer KillMode=, such as 'mixed' or 'control-group'.
Support for KillMode=none is deprecated and will eventually be removed.
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dbus.socket:5: ListenStream= references a path below legacy directory /var/run/, updating
/var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket → /run/dbus/system_bus_socket; please update the unit file accordingly.
/usr/lib/systemd/system/gdm.service:30: Standard output type syslog is obsolete, automatically updating to journal. Please update your
unit file, and consider removing the setting altogether.
/home/maanya-goenka/systemd/foo.service:2: Unknown key name 'foo' in section 'Unit', ignoring.
[{"set":true,"name":"PrivateNetwork=", "json_field":"PrivateNetwork", "description":"Service has no access to the host's network","exposure":null}, ...]
For most fields, the text shown by `.id` is the value that should be set
in the unit file; however, for RestrictNamespaces, it is not. Changing
this to show the actual text makes it more clear to a user what the
actual change that needs to be made to the unit file is.
When attaching a portable service with extensions, immediately validate
that the os-release and extension-release metadata values match, rather
than letting it fail when the units are started
upstream meson stopped allowing combining boolean with the plus
operator, and now requires using the logical and operator
reference:
43302d3296Fixes: #20632
In some cases it's useful to explicitly generate the JSON field names to
generate for table columns, instead of auto-mangling them from table
header names that are intended for human consumption.
This adds the infra and a test for it.
It's intended to be used by #20544, for the first column, which in text
mode should have an empty header field, but have an explicit name in
json output mode.
With this change, "mkosi build" will automatically build systemd for the
current distro without any further configuration. If people want to do a
cross-distro build by default, they can still create mkosi.default, but I
assume that this is relatively rare.
If people have symlinked mkosi.default to one of the files in .mkosi/, they'll
need to adjust the symlink.
(Building without configuration would always fail, since systemd has many many
required dependencies. I think it's nicer to do the most commonly expected
thing by default, i.e. rebuild for the current distro.)
Mkosi is nowadays packaged for most distros, so recommend installing of distro
packages as the primary installation mechanism.
The pattern was added in 6242cda99d, with the
idea that users will have local configuration files for mkosi and git should
not bother them about those. But let's make this narrower, and only match
files with "local". This way we reduce the risk that some unrelated file
will be ignored by accident.
.gitignore in the parent directory is used, because mkosi apparently tries
to load all files under mkosi.default.d/, without looking at the extension.
This is probably something to fix in mkosi too.
The comments were outdated: at least "nfsnobody" is not used in Fedora since a
few years. So I hope we don't need this anymore. The meson build scripts do
autodetection on their own.
Procotol analyzers are external devices used to capture traffic over a
wire so that it could be analysed. End-users at the console should be
able to access those devices without requiring root access.
This change obsoletes the need to install Total Phase's "Linux drivers",
which are really just udev rules and hotplug usermap files to do that:
https://www.totalphase.com/products/usb-drivers-linux/
journal_file_verify() uses a set of tmpfs files to create lists
of object positions by type.
The existing code used a bare write() call for every object
position written, incurring a syscall per listed object.
This commit encapsulates the bare file descriptors in FILE *'s
and replaces the bare write with fwrite, buffering the writes so
there's less syscalls.
Cached `journalctl --verify` tests showed a ~8% faster runtime
with this change on a release build, verifying 1.3GiB of
production journals across 16 files.
Previously, the devlink was created based on the priority saved in udev
database. So, we needed to reevaluate devlinks after database is saved.
But now the priority is stored in the symlink under /run/udev/links, and
the loop of devlink creation is controlled with the timestamp of the
directory. So, the double evaluation is not necessary anymore.
By the previous commit, it is not necessary to distinguish if the devlink
already exists. Also, I cannot find any significant advantages of the
previous complecated logic, that is, first try to create directly, and then
fallback to atomically creation. Moreover, such logic increases the chance
of conflicts between multiple udev workers.
This makes devlinks always created atomically. Hopefully, this reduces the
conflicts between the workers.
During creating a symlink to a device node, if another device node which
requests the same symlink is added/removed, `stat_inode_unmodified()`
should always detects that. We do not need to continue the loop
unconditionally.
Previously, we only store device IDs in /run/udev/links, and when
creating/removing device node symlink, we create sd_device object
corresponds to the IDs and read device node and priority from the
object. That requires parsing uevent and udev database files.
This makes link_find_prioritized() get the most prioritzed device node
without parsing the files.
