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The new "systemctl preset-all" command may now be used to put all
installed units back into the enable/disable state the vendor/admin
encoded in preset files.
Also, introduce "systemctl --preset-mode=enable-only" and "systemctl
--preset-mode=disable-only" to only apply the enable or only the disable
operations of a "systemctl preset" or "systemctl preset-all" operation.
"systemctl preset-all" implements this RFE:
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=630174
Also, rename ProtectedHome= to ProtectHome=, to simplify things a bit.
With this in place we now have two neat options ProtectSystem= and
ProtectHome= for protecting the OS itself (and optionally its
configuration), and for protecting the user's data.
ReadOnlySystem= uses fs namespaces to mount /usr and /boot read-only for
a service.
ProtectedHome= uses fs namespaces to mount /home and /run/user
inaccessible or read-only for a service.
This patch also enables these settings for all our long-running services.
Together they should be good building block for a minimal service
sandbox, removing the ability for services to modify the operating
system or access the user's private data.
New "struct ring" object that implements a basic ring buffer for arbitrary
byte-streams. A new basic runtime test is also added.
This will be needed for our pty helpers for systemd-console and friends.
Sounds easy, turns out to be horrible to implement: ALIGN_POWER2 returns
the next higher power of 2. clz(0) is undefined, same is true for
left-shift-overflows, yey, C rocks!
The way the kernel namespaces have been implemented breaks assumptions
udev made regarding uevent sequence numbers. Creating devices in a
namespace "steals" uevents and its sequence numbers from the host. It
confuses the "udevadmin settle" logic, which might block until util a
timeout is reached, even when no uevent is pending.
Remove any assumptions about sequence numbers and deprecate libudev's
API exposing these numbers; none of that can reliably be used anymore
when namespaces are involved.
In contrast to a filename-only argument, find_binary() did not
actually check if an path exists, allowing the code to fail later on.
This was OK, but it seems nicer to treat both paths identically.
Also take advantage of path_make_absolute_cwd doing strdup() by itself
if necessary to simplify.
Added support for tunneling netlink attrributes (ipip, gre, sit).
These works with kernel module ipip, gre and sit . The test cases are
moved to a separate file and manual test as well because they require
respective kernel modules as well.
safe_close_pair() is more like safe_close(), except that it handles
pairs of fds, and doesn't make and misleading allusion, as it works
similarly well for socketpairs() as for pipe()s...
safe_close() automatically becomes a NOP when a negative fd is passed,
and returns -1 unconditionally. This makes it easy to write lines like
this:
fd = safe_close(fd);
Which will close an fd if it is open, and reset the fd variable
correctly.
By making use of this new scheme we can drop a > 200 lines of code that
was required to test for non-negative fds or to reset the closed fd
variable afterwards.
Things like 3B4T, 4B50B, 400 100 (meaning 4*1024**4+3, 54, and 500,
respectively) are now disallowed. It is necessary to say 4T3B, 54B,
500 instead. I think this was confusing and error prone.
As a special form, 400B 100 is allowed, i.e. "B" suffix is treated
as different from "", although they mean the same thing.
According to Wikipedia it is customary to specify hardware metrics and
transfer speeds to the basis 1000 (SI decimal), while software metrics
and physical volatile memory (RAM) sizes to the basis 1024 (IEC binary).
So far we specified everything in IEC, let's fix that and be more
true to what's otherwise customary. Since we don't want to parse "Mi"
instead of "M" we document each time what the context used is.
If -flto is used then gcc will generate a lot more warnings than before,
among them a number of use-without-initialization warnings. Most of them
without are false positives, but let's make them go away, because it
doesn't really matter.
Previously a cgroup setting down tree would result in cgroup membership
additions being propagated up the tree and to the siblings, however a
unit could never lose cgroup memberships again. With this change we'll
make sure that both cgroup additions and removals propagate properly.
Let's remove the tests for cg_path_get_machine_name(), since they no
longer operate solely on the cgroup path, but actually look up data in
/run. Since we have a test for cg_pid_get_machine_name() this shouldn't
be too much of a loss.
In trying to track down a stupid linker bug, I noticed a bunch of
memset() calls that should be using memzero() to make it more "obvious"
that the options are correct (i.e. 0 is not the length, but the data to
set). So fix up all current calls to memset(foo, 0, length) to
memzero(foo, length).
Current glibc implementation is safe. Kernel does this atomically,
and write is actually implemented through writev. So if write is
async-signal-safe, than writev pretty much must be too.
signal(7) provides a list of functions which may be called from a
signal handler. Other functions, which only call those functions and
don't access global memory and are reentrant are also safe.
sd_j_sendv was mostly OK, but would call mkostemp and writev in a
fallback path, which are unsafe.
Being able to call sd_j_sendv in a async-signal-safe way is important
because it allows it be used in signal handlers.
Safety is achieved by replacing mkostemp with open(O_TMPFILE) and an
open-coded writev replacement which uses write. Unfortunately,
O_TMPFILE is only available on kernels >= 3.11. When O_TMPFILE is
unavailable, an open-coded mkostemp is used.
https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=722889
Similar to PrivateNetwork=, PrivateTmp= introduce PrivateDevices= that
sets up a private /dev with only the API pseudo-devices like /dev/null,
/dev/zero, /dev/random, but not any physical devices in them.
- turn strv_merge into strv_extend_strv.
appending strv b to the end of strv a instead of creating a new strv
- strv_append: remove in favor of strv_extend and strv_push.
- strv_remove: write slightly more elegant
- strv_remove_prefix: remove unused function
- strv_overlap: use strv_contains
- strv_printf: STRV_FOREACH handles NULL correctly
Clang is a bit more strict wrt format-nonliterals:
http://clang.llvm.org/docs/LanguageExtensions.html#format-string-checking
Adding these extra printf attributes also makes gcc able to find more
problems. E.g. this patch uncovers a format issue in udev-builtin-path_id.c
Some parts looked intetional about breaking the format-nonliteral check.
I added some supression for warnings there.
This way it is easy to only exclude directories from the current boot
from automatic clean up in /var/tmp.
Also, pick a longer name for the directories so that are globs in
tmp.conf can be simpler yet equally accurate.
test-fileio/test-strv:
Use the streq_ptr to make build-scan not worry about passing in a null
to a nonnull function.
test-dhcp-option:
Prevent a theoretical null pointer dereference
The static analyzer scan-build had a few issues with analysing
parts of systemd.
gpt-auto-generator.c:
scan-build could not find blkid.h. Whether it should be blkid.h or
blkid/blkid.h seems to depend on the version used. We already use
blkid/blkid.h in udev-builtin-blkid.c so it seems safe to use that
here too.
Makefile.am:
Moved some -D's from CFLAGS to CPPFLAGS. I also simplified them a
bit and got rid of a left over DBUS_CFLAGS.
test-cgroup-mask.c/test-sched-prio.c
A variable was added to store the replaced TEST_DIR. When wrapped
in an assert_se TEST_DIR was not replaced in the logged error.
While not an issue introduced in this patch we might as well fix
it up while we are here.
The only problem is that libgen.h #defines basename to point to it's
own broken implementation instead of the GNU one. This can be fixed
by #undefining basename.
- Add space between if/for and the opening parentheses
- Place the opening brace on same line as the function (not for udev)
From the CODING_STYLE
Try to use this:
void foo() {
}
instead of this:
void foo()
{
}
Introduce IN_SET() macro to nicely check whether a value a is one of a
few listed values.
This makes writing this:
if (a == 1 || a == 7 || a == 8 || a == 9)
nicer, by allowing this:
if (IN_SET(a, 1, 7, 8, 9))
This is particularly useful for state machine enums.
Pass on the line on which a section was decleared to the parsers, so they
can distinguish between multiple sections (if they chose to). Currently
no parsers take advantage of this, but a follow-up patch will do that
to distinguish
[Address]
Address=192.168.0.1/24
Label=one
[Address]
Address=192.168.0.2/24
Label=two
from
[Address]
Address=192.168.0.1/24
Label=one
Address=192.168.0.2/24
Label=two
=================================
No control group support available, not creating root group.
Failed to determine XDG_RUNTIME_DIR
Assertion 'r >= 0' failed at src/test/test-sched-prio.c:42, function main(). Aborting.
=================================
Since the invention of read-only memory, write-only memory has been
considered deprecated. Where appropriate, either make use of the
value, or avoid writing it, to make it clear that it is not used.
Instead of fixing the hashmap bucket array to 127 entries dynamically
size it, starting with a smaller one of 31. As soon as a fill level of
75% is reached, quadruple the size, and so on.
This should siginficantly optimize the lookup time in large tables
(from O(n) back to O(1)), and save memory on smaller tables (which most
are).
Prefer firmware-provided performance data over loader-exported ones; if
ACPI data is available, always use it, otherwise try to read the loader
data.
The firmware-provided variables start at the time the first EFI image
is executed and end when the operating system exits the boot services;
the (loader) time calculated in systemd-analyze increases.
In the process, rename udev_encode_string which is poorly named for what
it does. It deals specifically with encoding names that udev creates and
has its own rules: utf8 is valid but some ascii is not (e.g. path
separators), and everything else is simply escaped. Rename it to
encode_devnode_name.
There's now some more obvious overlap amongst the two utf8 validation
functions, but no more than there already was previously.
This also adds some menial tests for anyone who wants to do more
merging of these two in the future.
Previously the specifier calls could only indicate OOM by returning
NULL. With this change they will return negative errno-style error codes
like everything else.
Travis tests are failing, probably because /proc/meminfo is not available
in the test environment. The same might be true in some virtualized systems,
so just treat missing /proc/meminfo as a sign that hibernation is not
possible.
Condition that is checked is taken from upower:
active(anon) < free swap * 0.98
This is really stupid, because the kernel knows the situation better,
e.g. there could be two swap files, and then hibernation would be
impossible despite passing this check, or the kernel could start
supporting compressed swap and/or compressed hibernation images, and
then this this check would be too stringent. Nevertheless, until
we have something better, this should at least return a true negative
if there's no swap.
Logging of capabilities in the journal is changed to not strip leading
zeros. I consider this more readable anyway.
http://cgit.freedesktop.org/upower/tree/src/up-daemon.c#n613https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1007059
* Introduce a macro to conditionally execute tests. This avoids
skipping the entire test if some parts require systemd
* Skip the journal tests when no /etc/machine-id is present
* Change test-catalog to load the catalog from the source directory
of systemd.
* /proc/PID/comm got introduced in v2.6.33 but travis is still
using v2.6.32.
* Enable make check and make distcheck on the travis build
* Use -D"CATALOG_DIR=STR($(abs_top_srcdir)/catalog)" as a STRINGIY
would result in the path '/home/ich/source/linux' to be expanded
to '/home/ich/source/1' as linux is defined to 1.
Existing --pretty, --transient, --static options, used previously
for 'set-hostname' verb, are reused for the 'status' verb. If one
of them is given, only the specified hostname is printed. This
way there's no need to employ awk to get the hostname in a script.
If two instances of test-fileio were run in parallel,
they could fail when trying to write the same file.
This predictable name in /tmp/ wasn't actually a security
issue, because write_env_file would not follow symlinks,
so this could be an issue only when running tests in
parallel.
In case of scripts, _EXE is set to the interpreter name, and
_COMM is set based on the file name. Add a match for _COMM,
and _EXE if the interpreter is not a link (e.g. for yum,
the interpreter is /usr/bin/python, but it is a link to
/usr/bin/python2, which in turn is a link to /usr/bin/python2.7,
at least on Fedora, so we end up with _EXE=/usr/bin/python2.7).
I don't think that such link chasing makes sense, because
the final _EXE name is more likely to change.
Jan: test-tables fails on my system. The one it's failing on is:
syscall: 222 → (null) → -1
... and indeed, our own tables should not have holes, but syscall
tables certainly might.
Previously for an instantiated unit foo@bar.service we created a cgroup
foo@.service/foo@bar.service, in order to place all instances of the
same template inside the same subtree. As we now implicitly add all
instantiated units into one per-template slice we don't need this
complexity anymore, and instance units can map directly to the cgroups
of their full name.
Replace the very generic cgroup hookup with a much simpler one. With
this change only the high-level cgroup settings remain, the ability to
set arbitrary cgroup attributes is removed, so is support for adding
units to arbitrary cgroup controllers or setting arbitrary paths for
them (especially paths that are different for the various controllers).
This also introduces a new -.slice root slice, that is the parent of
system.slice and friends. This enables easy admin configuration of
root-level cgrouo properties.
This replaces DeviceDeny= by DevicePolicy=, and implicitly adds in
/dev/null, /dev/zero and friends if DeviceAllow= is used (unless this is
turned off by DevicePolicy=).
- This changes all logind cgroup objects to use slice objects rather
than fixed croup locations.
- logind can now collect minimal information about running
VMs/containers. As fixed cgroup locations can no longer be used we
need an entity that keeps track of machine cgroups in whatever slice
they might be located. Since logind already keeps track of users,
sessions and seats this is a trivial addition.
- nspawn will now register with logind and pass various bits of metadata
along. A new option "--slice=" has been added to place the container
in a specific slice.
- loginctl gained commands to list, introspect and terminate machines.
- user.slice and machine.slice will now be pulled in by logind.service,
since only logind.service requires this slice.
In order to prepare for the kernel cgroup rework, let's introduce a new
unit type to systemd, the "slice". Slices can be arranged in a tree and
are useful to partition resources freely and hierarchally by the user.
Each service unit can now be assigned to one of these slices, and later
on login users and machines may too.
Slices translate pretty directly to the cgroup hierarchy, and the
various objects can be assigned to any of the slices in the tree.
A new config file /etc/systemd/sleep.conf is added.
It is parsed by systemd-sleep and logind. The strings written
to /sys/power/disk and /sys/power/state can be configured.
This allows people to use different modes of suspend on
systems with broken or special hardware.
Configuration is shared between systemd-sleep and logind
to enable logind to answer the question "can the system be
put to sleep" as correctly as possible without actually
invoking the action. If the user configured systemd-sleep
to only use 'freeze', but current kernel does not support it,
logind will properly report that the system cannot be put
to sleep.
https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=57793https://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git;a=commit;h=7e73c5ae6e7991a6c01f6d096ff8afaef4458c36http://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/systemd-devel/2013-February/009238.html
SYSTEM_CONFIG_FILE and USER_CONFIG_FILE defines were removed
since they were used in only a few places and with the
addition of /etc/systemd/sleep.conf it becomes easier to just
append the name of each file to the dir name.
clang emits warnings about unused attribute _saved_errno_, which drown
out other—potentially useful—warnings. gcc documentation is not exactly
verbose about the effects of __attribute__((unused)) on variables, but
let's assume that it works if the unit test passes.
Session objects will now get the .session suffix, user objects the .user
suffix, nspawn containers the .nspawn suffix.
This also changes the user cgroups to be named after the numeric UID
rather than the username, since this allows us the parse these paths
standalone without requiring access to the cgroup file system.
This also changes the mapping of instanced units to cgroups. Instead of
mapping foo@bar.service to the cgroup path /user/foo@.service/bar we
will now map it to /user/foo@.service/foo@bar.service, in order to
ensure that all our objects are properly suffixed in the tree.
As discussed with Dan Berrange it's a good idea to suffix all objects in
the cgroup tree with ".something", so that when the system is
partitioned using a resource management tool we can drop objects of
different types into the same partition directory without generate
namespace conflicts.
We'l add this to the Pax Control Group document as soon as write access
to the fdo wiki is restored.
systemd does not want to understand comments after the first
non-whitespace char occured.
key=foo #comment will result into key == "foo #comment"
key="foo" #comment will result into key == "foo#comment"
"key= #comment" will result into key == "#comment"
"key #comment" is an invalid line
Because "export key=val" is not supported by systemd, an error is logged
where the invalid assignment is coming from.
Introduce strv_env_clean_log() to log invalid environment assignments,
where logging is possible and allowed.
parse_env_file_internal() is modified to allow WHITESPACE in keys, to
report the issues later on.
The information about the unit for which files are being parsed
is passed all the way down. This way messages land in the journal
with proper UNIT=... or USER_UNIT=... attribution.
'systemctl status' and 'journalctl -u' not displaying those messages
has been a source of confusion for users, since the journal entry for
a misspelt setting was often logged quite a bit earlier than the
failure to start a unit.
Based-on-a-patch-by: Oleksii Shevchuk <alxchk@gmail.com>
Containers will now carry a label (normally derived from the root
directory name, but configurable by the user), and the container's root
cgroup is /machine/<label>. This label is called "machine name", and can
cover both containers and VMs (as soon as libvirt also makes use of
/machine/).
libsystemd-login can be used to query the machine name from a process.
This patch also includes numerous clean-ups for the cgroup code.
This allows clients to put inotify watches on these trees to watch for
state changes, without having to wait until these dirs are created.
This introduces the new top-level /machine cgroup dir as canonical
location where OS containers and VMs shall be located (as discussed with
the libvirt folks).
Instead of outputting "5h 55s 50ms 3us" we'll now output "5h
55.050003s". Also, while outputting the accuracy is configurable.
Basically we now try use "dot notation" for all time values > 1min. For
>= 1s we use 's' as unit, otherwise for >= 1ms we use 'ms' as unit, and
finally 'us'.
This should give reasonably values in most cases.
This will properly escape all weird chars when writing env var files.
With this in place we can now read and write environment files where the
values contain arbitrary weird chars.
This enables hostnamed and suchlike to finally properly save pretty host
names with backlashes or quotes in them.
Implement this with a proper state machine, so that newlines and
escaped chars can appear in string assignments. This should bring the
parser much closer to shell.
To make the result more visible, special return value
is used to tell automake that the test was skipped. While
at it, use the same return value in other skipped tests.
The rules governing %s where just too complicated. First of
all, looking at $SHELL is dangerous. For systemd --system,
it usually wouldn't be set. But it could be set if the admin
first started a debug shell, let's say /sbin/sash, and then
launched systemd from it. This shouldn't influence how daemons
are started later on, so is better ignored. Similar reasoning
holds for session mode. Some shells set $SHELL, while other
set it only when it wasn't set previously (e.g. zsh). This
results in fragility that is better avoided by ignoring $SHELL
totally.
With $SHELL out of the way, simplify things by saying that
%s==/bin/sh for root, and the configured shell otherwise.
get_shell() is the only caller, so it can be inlined.
Fixes one issue seen with 'make check'.
All Execs within the service, will get mounted the same
/tmp and /var/tmp directories, if service is configured with
PrivateTmp=yes. Temporary directories are cleaned up by service
itself in addition to systemd-tmpfiles. Directory which is mounted
as inaccessible is created at runtime in /run/systemd.
<Lekensteyn> The 198 announcement mentions
"/etc/systemd/systemd/foobar.service.d/*.conf", is that a
typo? I only have a /etc/systemd/system/. Is there a
manpage describing this new feature?
For test tools it's better to use assert_se() rather than assert(),
since the former is not optimized away, even if -DNDEBUG is used. That
means the test program now retains its usefulness even if -DNDEBUG is
used.
This also adds in some OOM checks, to be extra anal...
Now, actually check if the environment variable names and values used
are valid, before accepting them. With this in place are at some places
more rigid than POSIX, and less rigid at others. For example, this code
allows lower-case environment variables (which POSIX suggests not to
use), but it will not allow non-UTF8 variable values.
All in all this should be a good middle ground of what to allow and what
not to allow as environment variables.
(This also splits out all environment related calls into env-util.[ch])
False positives pop up otherwise.
FAIL: test-unit-name (exit: 134)
================================
Failed to open /dev/tty0: Permission denied
Failed to create root cgroup hierarchy: Permission denied
Assertion 'manager_new(SYSTEMD_SYSTEM, &m) == 0' failed at src/test/test-unit-name.c:125, function test_unit_printf(). Aborting.
adds test of:
strv_find
strv_find_prefix
strv_overlap
strv_sort
streq_ptr
first_word
Splits tests of util.c into own file to avoid clutter as we add more.
Removed a few prints and uses _cleanup_free_ to make the tests more focused.
This allows us to print simple performance data of all parts of the boot now:
- firmware
- boot loader
- kernel
- initrd
- userspace
This only works for bootloaders which support passing TSC data via EFI
variables. As of now that's only gummiboot.
A service that only sets the scheduling policy to round-robin
fails to be started. This is because the cpu_sched_priority is
initialized to 0 and is not adjusted when the policy is changed.
Clamp the cpu_sched_priority when the scheduler policy is set. Use
the current policy to validate the new priority.
Change the manual page to state that the given range only applies
to the real-time scheduling policies.
Add a testcase that verifies this change:
$ make test-sched-prio; ./test-sched-prio
[test/sched_idle_bad.service:6] CPU scheduling priority is out of range, ignoring: 1
[test/sched_rr_bad.service:7] CPU scheduling priority is out of range, ignoring: 0
[test/sched_rr_bad.service:8] CPU scheduling priority is out of range, ignoring: 100
Note: I did s/MANAGER/SYSTEMD/ everywhere, even though it makes the
patch quite verbose. Nevertheless, keeping MANAGER prefix in some
places, and SYSTEMD prefix in others would just lead to confusion down
the road. Better to rip off the band-aid now.
When looking for symlinks, it doesn't make sense to error-out if
the directory is missing. The user might delete an empty directory.
This check caused test-unit-file to fail when run before installation.
- don't use pivot_root() anymore, just reuse root hierarchy
- first create all mounts, then mark them read-only so that we get the
right behaviour when people want writable mounts inside of
read-only mounts
- don't pass invalid combinations of MS_ constants to the kernel
CC src/test/test_job_type-test-job-type.o
../src/test/test-job-type.c:40:25: warning: implicit conversion from enumeration type
'enum UnitType' to different enumeration type 'ServiceType' (aka 'enum ServiceType')
[-Wconversion]
.type = UNIT_SERVICE
^~~~~~~~~~~~
This makes sure that
systemctl status /home
is implicitly translated to:
systemctl status /home.mount
Similar, /dev/foobar becomes dev-foobar.device.
Also, all characters that cannot be part of a unit name are implicitly
escaped.
This reverts commit 9b5af248f0.
Udev now explicitely labels only files/directories in /dev. The selinux
array API is not released and will not work on other distros at this moment.
systemd-udev is currently incorrectly labeling /run/udev/* content because it is
using selinux prefix labeling of /dev. This patch will allow systemd-udev to
use prefix labeling of /dev and /run.
Two of our current job types are special:
JOB_TRY_RESTART, JOB_RELOAD_OR_START.
They differ from other job types by being sensitive to the unit active state.
They perform some action when the unit is active and some other action
otherwise. This raises a question: when exactly should the unit state be
checked to make the decision?
Currently the unit state is checked when the job becomes runnable. It's more
sensible to check the state immediately when the job is added by the user.
When the user types "systemctl try-restart foo.service", he really intends
to restart the service if it's running right now. If it isn't running right
now, the restart is pointless.
Consider the example (from Bugzilla[1]):
sleep.service takes some time to start.
hello.service has After=sleep.service.
Both services get started. Two jobs will appear:
hello.service/start waiting
sleep.service/start running
Then someone runs "systemctl try-restart hello.service".
Currently the try-restart operation will block and wait for
sleep.service/start to complete.
The correct result is to complete the try-restart operation immediately
with success, because hello.service is not running. The two original
jobs must not be disturbed by this.
To fix this we introduce two new concepts:
- a new job type: JOB_NOP
A JOB_NOP job does not do anything to the unit. It does not pull in any
dependencies. It is always immediately runnable. When installed to a unit,
it sits in a special slot (u->nop_job) where it never conflicts with
the installed job (u->job) of a different type. It never merges with jobs
of other types, but it can merge into an already installed JOB_NOP job.
- "collapsing" of job types
When a job of one of the two special types is added, the state of the unit
is checked immediately and the job type changes:
JOB_TRY_RESTART -> JOB_RESTART or JOB_NOP
JOB_RELOAD_OR_START -> JOB_RELOAD or JOB_START
Should a job type JOB_RELOAD_OR_START appear later during job merging, it
collapses immediately afterwards.
Collapsing actually makes some things simpler, because there are now fewer
job types that are allowed in the transaction.
[1] Fixes: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=753586
