systemd systemd.net-naming-scheme 7 systemd.net-naming-scheme Network device naming schemes Network interfaces names and MAC addresses may be generated based on certain stable interface attributes. This is possible when there is enough information about the device to generate those attributes and the use of this information is configured. This page describes interface naming, i.e. what possible names may be generated. Those names are generated by the systemd-udevd.service8 builtin net_id and exported as udev properties (ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD=, ID_NET_LABEL_ONBOARD=, ID_NET_NAME_PATH=, ID_NET_NAME_SLOT=). Names and MAC addresses are derived from various stable device metadata attributes. Newer versions of udev take more of these attributes into account, improving (and thus possibly changing) the names and addresses used for the same devices. Different versions of those generation rules are called "naming schemes". The default naming scheme is chosen at compilation time. Usually this will be the latest implemented version, but it is also possible to set one of the older versions to preserve compatibility. This may be useful for example for distributions, which may introduce new versions of systemd in stable releases without changing the naming scheme. The naming scheme may also be overridden using the net.naming-scheme= kernel command line switch, see systemd-udevd.service8. Available naming schemes are described below. After the udev properties have been generated, appropriate udev rules may be used to actually rename devices based on those properties. See the description of NamePolicy= and MACAddressPolicy= in systemd.link5. Note that while the concept of network interface naming schemes is primarily relevant in the context of systemd-udevd.service, the systemd-nspawn1 container manager also takes it into account when naming network interfaces, see below. All names start with a two-character prefix that signifies the interface type. Prefix Description en Ethernet ib InfiniBand sl Serial line IP (slip) wl Wireless local area network (WLAN) ww Wireless wide area network (WWAN) The udev net_id builtin exports the following udev device properties: ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD=prefixonumber ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD=prefixdnumber This name is set based on the numeric ordering information given by the firmware for on-board devices. Different schemes are used depending on the firmware type, as described in the table below. Format Description prefixonumber PCI on-board index prefixdnumber Devicetree alias index ID_NET_LABEL_ONBOARD=prefix label This property is set based on textual label given by the firmware for on-board devices. The name consists of the prefix concatenated with the label. This is only available for PCI devices. ID_NET_NAME_MAC=prefixxAABBCCDDEEFF This name consists of the prefix, letter x, and 12 hexadecimal digits of the MAC address. It is available if the device has a fixed MAC address. Because this name is based on an attribute of the card itself, it remains "stable" when the device is moved (even between machines), but will change when the hardware is replaced. ID_NET_NAME_SLOT=prefix[Pdomain]sslot[ffunction][nport_name|ddev_port] ID_NET_NAME_SLOT=prefixvslot ID_NET_NAME_SLOT=prefixxslot ID_NET_NAME_SLOT=prefix[Pdomain]sslot[ffunction][nport_name|ddev_port]bnumber ID_NET_NAME_SLOT=prefix[Pdomain]sslot[ffunction][nport_name|ddev_port]uport…[cconfig][iinterface] ID_NET_NAME_SLOT=prefix[Pdomain]sslot[ffunction][nport_name|ddev_port]vslot ID_NET_NAME_SLOT=prefix[Pdomain]sslot[ffunction][nport_name|ddev_port]rslot This property describes the slot position. Different schemes are used depending on the bus type, as described in the table below. In case of USB, BCMA, and SR-VIO devices, the full name consists of the prefix, PCI slot identifier, and USB or BCMA or SR-VIO slot identifier. The first two parts are denoted as "…" in the table below. Format Description prefix [Pdomain] sslot [ffunction] [nport_name | ddev_port] PCI slot number prefix vslot VIO slot number (IBM PowerVM) prefix Xnumber VIF interface number (Xen) … bnumber Broadcom bus (BCMA) core number … uport… [cconfig] [iinterface] USB port number chain … vslot SR-VIO slot number … rslot SR-IOV slot number The PCI domain is only prepended when it is not 0. All multi-function PCI devices will carry the ffunction number in the device name, including the function 0 device. For non-multi-function devices, the number is suppressed if 0. The port name port_name is used, or the port number ddev_port if the name is not known. For BCMA devices, the core number is suppressed when 0. For USB devices the full chain of port numbers of hubs is composed. If the name gets longer than the maximum number of 15 characters, the name is not exported. The usual USB configuration number 1 and interface number 0 values are suppressed. SR-IOV virtual devices are named based on the name of the parent interface, with a suffix of v and the virtual device number, with any leading zeros removed. The bus number is ignored. SR-IOV virtual device representors are named based on the name of the physical device interface, with a suffix of r and the number of the virtual device that is linked to the particular representor, with any leading zeros removed. The physical port name and the bus number are ignored. In some configurations a parent PCI bridge of a given network controller may be associated with a slot. In such case we don't generate this device property to avoid possible naming conflicts. ID_NET_NAME_PATH=prefixcbus_id ID_NET_NAME_PATH=prefixavendormodeliinstance ID_NET_NAME_PATH=prefixiaddressnport_name ID_NET_NAME_PATH=prefixuport… ID_NET_NAME_PATH=prefix[Pdomain]pbussslot[ffunction][nphys_port_name|ddev_port] ID_NET_NAME_PATH=prefix[Pdomain]pbussslot[ffunction][nphys_port_name|ddev_port]bnumber ID_NET_NAME_PATH=prefix[Pdomain]pbussslot[ffunction][nphys_port_name|ddev_port]uport…[cconfig][iinterface] This property describes the device installation location. Different schemes are used depending on the bus type, as described in the table below. For BCMA and USB devices, PCI path information must known, and the full name consists of the prefix, PCI slot identifier, and USB or BCMA location. The first two parts are denoted as "…" in the table below. Format Description prefix cbus_id CCW or grouped CCW device identifier prefix avendor model iinstance ACPI path names for ARM64 platform devices prefix iaddress nport_name Netdevsim (simulated networking device) device number and port name prefix [Pdomain] pbus sslot [ffunction] [nphys_port_name | ddev_port] PCI geographical location … bnumber Broadcom bus (BCMA) core number … uport… [cconfig] [iinterface] USB port number chain CCW and grouped CCW devices are found in IBM System Z mainframes. Any leading zeros and dots are suppressed. For PCI, BCMA, and USB devices, the same rules as described above for slot naming are used. The following "naming schemes" have been defined (which may be chosen at system boot-up time via the net.naming-scheme= kernel command line switch, see above): v238 This is the naming scheme that was implemented in systemd 238. v239 Naming was changed for virtual network interfaces created with SR-IOV and NPAR and for devices where the PCI network controller device does not have a slot number associated. SR-IOV virtual devices are named based on the name of the parent interface, with a suffix of vport, where port is the virtual device number. Previously those virtual devices were named as if completely independent. The ninth and later NPAR virtual devices are named following the scheme used for the first eight NPAR partitions. Previously those devices were not renamed and the kernel default ("ethN") was used. Names are also generated for PCI devices where the PCI network controller device does not have an associated slot number itself, but one of its parents does. Previously those devices were not renamed and the kernel default was used. v240 The ib prefix and stable names for infiniband devices are introduced. Previously those devices were not renamed. The ACPI index field (used in ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD=) is now also used when 0. A new naming policy NamePolicy=keep was introduced. With this policy, if the network device name was already set by userspace, the device will not be renamed again. Previously, this naming policy applied implicitly, and now it must be explicitly requested. Effectively, this means that network devices will be renamed according to the configuration, even if they have been renamed already, if keep is not specified as the naming policy in the .link file. See systemd.link5 for a description of NamePolicy=. v241 MACAddressPolicy=persistent was extended to set MAC addresses based on the device name. Previously addresses were only based on the ID_NET_NAME_* attributes, which meant that interface names would never be generated for virtual devices. Now a persistent address will be generated for most devices, including in particular bridges. Note: when userspace does not set a MAC address for a bridge device, the kernel will initially assign a random address, and then change it when the first device is enslaved to the bridge. With this naming policy change, bridges get a persistent MAC address based on the bridge name instead of the first enslaved device. v243 Support for renaming netdevsim (simulated networking) devices was added. Previously those devices were not renamed. Previously two-letter interface type prefix was prepended to ID_NET_LABEL_ONBOARD=. This is not done anymore. v245 When systemd-nspawn1 derives the name for the host side of the network interface created with --network-veth from the container name it previously simply truncated the result at 15 characters if longer (since that's the maximum length for network interface names). From now on, for any interface name that would be longer than 15 characters the last 4 characters are set to a 24bit hash value of the full interface name. This way network interface name collisions between multiple similarly named containers (who only differ in container name suffix) should be less likely (but still possible, since the 24bit hash value is very small). v247 When a PCI slot is associated with a PCI bridge that has multiple child network controllers, the same value of the ID_NET_NAME_SLOT property might be derived for those controllers. This would cause a naming conflict if the property is selected as the device name. Now, we detect this situation and don't produce the ID_NET_NAME_SLOT property. v249 PCI hotplug slot names for the s390 PCI driver are a hexadecimal representation of the function_id device attribute. This attribute is now used to build the ID_NET_NAME_SLOT. Before that, all slot names were parsed as decimal numbers, which could either result in an incorrect value of the ID_NET_NAME_SLOT property or none at all. Some firmware and hypervisor implementations report unreasonably high numbers for the on-board index. To prevent the generation of bogus on-board interface names, index numbers greater than 16381 (2¹⁴-1) were ignored. For s390 PCI devices index values up to 65535 (2¹⁶-1) are valid. To account for that, the limit was increased to 65535. The udev rule NAME= replaces :, /, and % with an underscore (_), and refuses strings which contain only numerics. v250 Added naming scheme for Xen netfront "vif" interfaces based on the guest side VIF number set from the Xen config (or the interface index in AWS EC2). v251 Since version v247 we no longer set ID_NET_NAME_SLOT if we detect that a PCI device associated with a slot is a PCI bridge as that would create naming conflict when there are more child devices on that bridge. Now, this is relaxed and we will use slot information to generate the name based on it but only if the PCI device has multiple functions. This is safe because distinct function number is a part of the device name for multifunction devices. v252 Added naming scheme for platform devices with devicetree aliases. v253 Set ID_NET_NAME_PATH for usb devices not connected via a PCI bus. v254 Naming was changed for SR-IOV virtual device representors, optionally settable at compilation time. The rslot suffix was added to differentiate SR-IOV virtual device representors attached to a single physical device interface. Because of a mistake, this scheme was not the the default scheme for systemd version 254. v255 Naming was changed for SR-IOV virtual device representors to enable the change introduced in v254 by default. Note that latest may be used to denote the latest scheme known (to this particular version of systemd). When creating names for network cards, some naming schemes use data from sysfs populated by the kernel. This means that although a specific naming scheme in udev is picked, the network card's name can still change when a new kernel version adds a new sysfs attribute. For example if kernel starts setting the phys_port_name, udev will append the "nphys_port_name" suffix to the device name. ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW=BOOL This udev property sets a fallback policy for reading a sysfs attribute. If set to 0 udev will not read any sysfs attribute by default, unless it is explicitly allowlisted, see below. If set to 1 udev can use any sysfs attribute unless it is explicitly forbidden. The default value is 1. ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW_sysfsattr=BOOL This udev property explicitly states if udev shall use the specified sysfsattr, when composing the device name. With these options, users can set an allowlist or denylist for sysfs attributes. To create an allowlist, the user needs to set ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW=0 for the device and then list the allowed attributes with the ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW_sysfsattr=1 options. In case of a denylist, the user needs to provide the list of denied attributes with the ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW_sysfsattr=0 options. $ udevadm test-builtin net_id /sys/class/net/enp0s31f6 ... Using default interface naming scheme 'v243'. ID_NET_NAMING_SCHEME=v243 ID_NET_NAME_MAC=enx54ee75cb1dc0 ID_OUI_FROM_DATABASE=Wistron InfoComm(Kunshan)Co.,Ltd. ID_NET_NAME_PATH=enp0s31f6 ... ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD=eno1 ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD_LABEL=Ethernet Port 1 # /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.3/0000:05:00.0/net/ens1 ID_NET_NAME_MAC=enx000000000466 ID_NET_NAME_PATH=enp5s0 ID_NET_NAME_SLOT=ens1 # /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.0/0000:02:00.0/net/enp2s0f0 ID_NET_NAME_MAC=enx78e7d1ea46da ID_NET_NAME_PATH=enp2s0f0 # /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.0/0000:02:00.1/net/enp2s0f1 ID_NET_NAME_MAC=enx78e7d1ea46dc ID_NET_NAME_PATH=enp2s0f1 # /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.1/0000:03:00.0/net/wlp3s0 ID_NET_NAME_MAC=wlx0024d7e31130 ID_NET_NAME_PATH=wlp3s0 # /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.0/0000:15:00.0/net/ibp21s0f0 ID_NET_NAME_PATH=ibp21s0f0 # /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.0/0000:15:00.1/net/ibp21s0f1 ID_NET_NAME_PATH=ibp21s0f1 # /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.4/2-1.4:1.6/net/wwp0s29u1u4i6 ID_NET_NAME_MAC=wwx028037ec0200 ID_NET_NAME_PATH=wwp0s29u1u4i6 # /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.2/2-1.2:1.0/net/enp0s29u1u2 ID_NET_NAME_MAC=enxd626b3450fb5 ID_NET_NAME_PATH=enp0s29u1u2 # /sys/devices/css0/0.0.0007/0.0.f5f0/group_device/net/encf5f0 ID_NET_NAME_MAC=enx026d3c00000a ID_NET_NAME_PATH=encf5f0 /etc/udev/hwdb.d/50-net-naming-allowlist.hwdb net:naming:drvirtio_net:* ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW=0 ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW_ACPI_INDEX=1 ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW_ADDR_ASSIGN_TYPE=1 ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW_ADDRESS=1 ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW_ARI_ENABLED=1 ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW_DEV_PORT=1 ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW_FUNCTION_ID=1 ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW_IFLINK=1 ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW_INDEX=1 ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW_LABEL=1 ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW_PHYS_PORT_NAME=1 ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW_TYPE=1 /etc/udev/hwdb.d/50-net-naming-denylist.hwdb net:naming:drvirtio_net:* ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW=1 ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW_DEV_PORT=0 ID_NET_NAME_ALLOW_PHYS_PORT_NAME=0 udev7 udevadm8 Predictable Network Interface Names systemd-nspawn1