mirror of
https://github.com/systemd/systemd.git
synced 2024-12-22 17:35:35 +03:00
658dc909dc
For some reason the section for the systemd.exec man page was added incorrectly and then copypasted everywhere else incorrectly too. Let's fix that.
463 lines
21 KiB
XML
463 lines
21 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
|
|
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
|
|
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd">
|
|
<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later -->
|
|
|
|
<refentry id="systemd-firstboot" conditional='ENABLE_FIRSTBOOT'
|
|
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
|
|
|
|
<refentryinfo>
|
|
<title>systemd-firstboot</title>
|
|
<productname>systemd</productname>
|
|
</refentryinfo>
|
|
|
|
<refmeta>
|
|
<refentrytitle>systemd-firstboot</refentrytitle>
|
|
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
|
|
</refmeta>
|
|
|
|
<refnamediv>
|
|
<refname>systemd-firstboot</refname>
|
|
<refname>systemd-firstboot.service</refname>
|
|
<refpurpose>Initialize basic system settings on or before the first boot-up of a system</refpurpose>
|
|
</refnamediv>
|
|
|
|
<refsynopsisdiv>
|
|
<cmdsynopsis>
|
|
<command>systemd-firstboot</command>
|
|
<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
|
|
</cmdsynopsis>
|
|
|
|
<para><filename>systemd-firstboot.service</filename></para>
|
|
</refsynopsisdiv>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Description</title>
|
|
|
|
<para><command>systemd-firstboot</command> initializes basic system settings interactively during the
|
|
first boot, or non-interactively on an offline system image. The service is started during boot if
|
|
<varname>ConditionFirstBoot=yes</varname> is met, which essentially means that <filename>/etc/</filename>
|
|
is unpopulated, see
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for
|
|
details.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The following settings may be configured:</para>
|
|
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem><para>The machine ID of the system</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>The system locale, more specifically the two
|
|
locale variables <varname>LANG=</varname> and
|
|
<varname>LC_MESSAGES</varname></para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>The system keyboard map</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>The system time zone</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>The system hostname</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>The kernel command line used when installing kernel images</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>The root user's password and shell</para></listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
|
|
<para>Each of the fields may either be queried interactively by
|
|
users, set non-interactively on the tool's command line, or be
|
|
copied from a host system that is used to set up the system
|
|
image.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If a setting is already initialized, it will not be
|
|
overwritten and the user will not be prompted for the
|
|
setting.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Note that this tool operates directly on the file system and
|
|
does not involve any running system services, unlike
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>localectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>timedatectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
or
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>hostnamectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
|
|
This allows <command>systemd-firstboot</command> to operate on
|
|
mounted but not booted disk images and in early boot. It is not
|
|
recommended to use <command>systemd-firstboot</command> on the
|
|
running system after it has been set up.</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Options</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The following options are understood:</para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--root=<replaceable>root</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a directory path as an argument. All
|
|
paths will be prefixed with the given alternate
|
|
<replaceable>root</replaceable> path, including config search
|
|
paths. This is useful to operate on a system image mounted to
|
|
the specified directory instead of the host system itself.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v216"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--image=<replaceable>path</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a path to a disk image file or block device node. If specified all operations
|
|
are applied to file system in the indicated disk image. This is similar to <option>--root=</option>
|
|
but operates on file systems stored in disk images or block devices. The disk image should either
|
|
contain just a file system or a set of file systems within a GPT partition table, following the
|
|
<ulink url="https://uapi-group.org/specifications/specs/discoverable_partitions_specification">Discoverable Partitions
|
|
Specification</ulink>. For further information on supported disk images, see
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
|
|
switch of the same name.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v246"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--locale=<replaceable>LOCALE</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--locale-messages=<replaceable>LOCALE</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Sets the system locale, more specifically the
|
|
<varname>LANG=</varname> and <varname>LC_MESSAGES</varname>
|
|
settings. The argument should be a valid locale identifier,
|
|
such as <literal>de_DE.UTF-8</literal>. This controls the
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>locale.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
configuration file.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v216"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--keymap=<replaceable>KEYMAP</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Sets the system keyboard layout. The argument should be a valid keyboard map,
|
|
such as <literal>de-latin1</literal>. This controls the <literal>KEYMAP</literal> entry in the
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>vconsole.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
configuration file.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v236"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--timezone=<replaceable>TIMEZONE</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Sets the system time zone. The argument should
|
|
be a valid time zone identifier, such as
|
|
<literal>Europe/Berlin</literal>. This controls the
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>localtime</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
symlink.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v216"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--hostname=<replaceable>HOSTNAME</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Sets the system hostname. The argument should
|
|
be a hostname, compatible with DNS. This controls the
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>hostname</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
configuration file.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v216"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--setup-machine-id</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Initialize the system's machine ID to a random ID. This controls the
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> file.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>This option only works in combination with <option>--root=</option> or
|
|
<option>--image=</option>. On a running system, <filename>machine-id</filename> is written by the
|
|
manager with help from
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-machine-id-commit.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v216"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--machine-id=<replaceable>ID</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Set the system's machine ID to the specified value. The same restrictions apply
|
|
as to <option>--setup-machine-id</option>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v216"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--root-password=<replaceable>PASSWORD</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--root-password-file=<replaceable>PATH</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--root-password-hashed=<replaceable>HASHED_PASSWORD</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Sets the password of the system's root user. This creates/modifies the
|
|
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> and
|
|
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
files. This setting exists in three forms: <option>--root-password=</option> accepts the password to
|
|
set directly on the command line, <option>--root-password-file=</option> reads it from a file and
|
|
<option>--root-password-hashed=</option> accepts an already hashed password on the command line. See
|
|
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for more information on the format of the hashed password. Note that it is not recommended to specify
|
|
plaintext passwords on the command line, as other users might be able to see them simply by invoking
|
|
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>ps</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v216"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--root-shell=<replaceable>SHELL</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Sets the shell of the system's root user. This creates/modifies the
|
|
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
file.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v246"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--kernel-command-line=<replaceable>CMDLINE</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Sets the system's kernel command line. This controls the
|
|
<filename>/etc/kernel/cmdline</filename> file which is used by
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>kernel-install</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v246"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--prompt-locale</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--prompt-keymap</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--prompt-timezone</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--prompt-hostname</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--prompt-root-password</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--prompt-root-shell</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Prompt the user interactively for a specific
|
|
basic setting. Note that any explicit configuration settings
|
|
specified on the command line take precedence, and the user is
|
|
not prompted for it.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v216"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--prompt</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Query the user for locale, keymap, timezone, hostname,
|
|
root's password, and root's shell. This is equivalent to specifying
|
|
<option>--prompt-locale</option>,
|
|
<option>--prompt-keymap</option>,
|
|
<option>--prompt-timezone</option>,
|
|
<option>--prompt-hostname</option>,
|
|
<option>--prompt-root-password</option>,
|
|
<option>--prompt-root-shell</option> in combination.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v216"/>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--copy-locale</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--copy-keymap</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--copy-timezone</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--copy-root-password</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--copy-root-shell</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Copy a specific basic setting from the host.
|
|
This only works in combination with <option>--root=</option> or <option>--image=</option>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v216"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--copy</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Copy locale, keymap, time zone, root password and shell from the host. This is
|
|
equivalent to specifying
|
|
<option>--copy-locale</option>,
|
|
<option>--copy-keymap</option>,
|
|
<option>--copy-timezone</option>,
|
|
<option>--copy-root-password</option>,
|
|
<option>--copy-root-shell</option> in combination.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v216"/>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--force</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Write configuration even if the relevant files already exist. Without this option,
|
|
<command>systemd-firstboot</command> doesn't modify or replace existing files. Note that when
|
|
configuring the root account, even with this option, <command>systemd-firstboot</command> only
|
|
modifies the entry of the <literal>root</literal> user, leaving other entries in
|
|
<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> intact.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v246"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--reset</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>If specified, all existing files that are configured by
|
|
<command>systemd-firstboot</command> are removed. Note that the files are removed regardless of
|
|
whether they'll be configured with a new value or not. This operation ensures that the next boot of
|
|
the image will be considered a first boot, and <command>systemd-firstboot</command> will prompt again
|
|
to configure each of the removed files.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v254"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--delete-root-password</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Removes the password of the system's root user, enabling login as root without a
|
|
password unless the root account is locked. Note that this is extremely insecure and hence this
|
|
option should not be used lightly.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v246"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--welcome=</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. By default when prompting the user for configuration
|
|
options a brief welcome text is shown before the first question is asked. Pass false to this option
|
|
to turn off the welcome text.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v246"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" />
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Credentials</title>
|
|
|
|
<para><command>systemd-firstboot</command> supports the service credentials logic as implemented by
|
|
<varname>ImportCredential=</varname>/<varname>LoadCredential=</varname>/<varname>SetCredential=</varname>
|
|
(see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for
|
|
details). The following credentials are used when passed in:</para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist class='system-credentials'>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>passwd.hashed-password.root</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>passwd.plaintext-password.root</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>A hashed or plaintext version of the root password to use, in place of prompting the
|
|
user. These credentials are equivalent to the same ones defined for the
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-sysusers.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
service.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v249"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>passwd.shell.root</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Specifies the shell binary to use for the specified account.
|
|
Equivalent to the credential of the same name defined for the
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-sysusers.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
service.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v249"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>firstboot.locale</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>firstboot.locale-messages</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>These credentials specify the locale settings to set during first boot, in place of
|
|
prompting the user.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v249"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>firstboot.keymap</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>This credential specifies the keyboard setting to set during first boot, in place of
|
|
prompting the user.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Note the relationship to the <varname>vconsole.keymap</varname> credential understood by
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-vconsole-setup.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>:
|
|
both ultimately affect the same setting, but <varname>firstboot.keymap</varname> is written into
|
|
<filename>/etc/vconsole.conf</filename> on first boot (if not already configured), and then read from
|
|
there by <command>systemd-vconsole-setup</command>, while <varname>vconsole.keymap</varname> is read
|
|
on every boot, and is not persisted to disk (but any configuration in
|
|
<filename>vconsole.conf</filename> will take precedence if present).</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v249"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>firstboot.timezone</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>This credential specifies the system timezone setting to set during first boot, in
|
|
place of prompting the user.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v249"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<para>Note that by default the <filename>systemd-firstboot.service</filename> unit file is set up to
|
|
inherit the listed credentials
|
|
from the service manager. Thus, when invoking a container with an unpopulated <filename>/etc/</filename>
|
|
for the first time it is possible to configure the root user's password to be <literal>systemd</literal>
|
|
like this:</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><programlisting># systemd-nspawn --image=… --set-credential=firstboot.locale:de_DE.UTF-8 …</programlisting></para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Note that these credentials are only read and applied during the first boot process. Once they are
|
|
applied they remain applied for subsequent boots, and the credentials are not considered anymore.</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Exit status</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure code
|
|
otherwise.</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Kernel Command Line</title>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist class='kernel-commandline-options'>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>systemd.firstboot=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument, defaults to on. If off, <filename>systemd-firstboot.service</filename>
|
|
won't interactively query the user for basic settings at first boot, even if those settings are not
|
|
initialized yet.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v233"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
<para><simplelist type="inline">
|
|
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
<member><citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>locale.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
<member><citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>vconsole.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>localtime</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>hostname</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
<member><citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-machine-id-setup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
<member><citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>localectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>timedatectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>hostnamectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
</simplelist></para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|