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142 lines
7.9 KiB
XML
142 lines
7.9 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd">
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<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later -->
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<refentry id="systemd-machined.service" conditional='ENABLE_MACHINED'>
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>systemd-machined.service</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>systemd-machined.service</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>systemd-machined.service</refname>
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<refname>systemd-machined</refname>
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<refpurpose>Virtual machine and container registration manager</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<para><filename>systemd-machined.service</filename></para>
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<para><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-machined</filename></para>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><command>systemd-machined</command> is a system service that keeps track of locally running virtual
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machines and containers.</para>
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<para><command>systemd-machined</command> is useful for registering and keeping track of both OS
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containers (containers that share the host kernel but run a full init system of their own and behave in
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most regards like a full virtual operating system rather than just one virtualized app) and full virtual
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machines (virtualized hardware running normal operating systems and possibly different kernels).</para>
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<para><command>systemd-machined</command> should <emphasis>not</emphasis> be used for registering/keeping
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track of application sandbox containers. A <emphasis>machine</emphasis> in the context of
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<command>systemd-machined</command> is supposed to be an abstract term covering both OS containers and
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full virtual machines, but not application sandboxes.</para>
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<para>Machines registered with machined are exposed in various ways in the system. For example:
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>Tools like
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>ps</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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will show to which machine a specific process belongs in a column of
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its own, and so will
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<ulink url="https://help.gnome.org/users/gnome-system-monitor/">gnome-system-monitor</ulink> or
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cgls</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem><para>systemd's various tools
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(<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>loginctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>hostnamectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>timedatectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>localectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>machinectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, ...)
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support the <option>-M</option> switch to operate on local containers instead of the host system.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><command>systemctl list-machines</command> will show the system state of all local
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containers, connecting to the container's init system for that.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>systemctl's <option>--recursive</option> switch has the effect of not only showing the
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locally running services, but recursively showing the services of all registered containers.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>The <command>machinectl</command> command provides access to a number of useful
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operations on registered containers, such as introspecting them, rebooting, shutting them down, and
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getting a login prompt on them.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>The
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-bus</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> library
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exposes the
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_bus_open_system_machine</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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call to connect to the system bus of any registered container.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>The
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>nss-mymachines</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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module makes sure all registered containers can be resolved via normal glibc
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>gethostbyname</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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or
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>getaddrinfo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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calls.</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist></para>
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<para>See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for some examples on how to run containers with OS tools.</para>
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<para>If you are interested in writing a VM or container manager that makes use of machined, please have
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look at <ulink url="https://systemd.io/WRITING_VM_AND_CONTAINER_MANAGERS">Writing
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Virtual Machine or Container Managers</ulink>. Also see the <ulink
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url="https://systemd.io/CONTROL_GROUP_INTERFACE">New Control Group
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Interfaces</ulink>.</para>
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<para>The daemon provides both a C library interface
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(which is shared with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-logind.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>)
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as well as a D-Bus interface and a Varlink interface.
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The library interface may be used to introspect and watch the state of virtual machines/containers.
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The bus interface provides the same but in addition may also be used to register or terminate
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machines. The Varlink interface may be used to register machines with optional extensions, e.g. with an
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SSH key / address; it can be queried with
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<command>varlinkctl introspect /run/systemd/machine/io.systemd.Machine io.systemd.Machine</command>.
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For more information please consult
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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and
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>org.freedesktop.machine1</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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and
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>org.freedesktop.LogControl1</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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</para>
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<para>A small companion daemon
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-importd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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is also available, which implements importing, exporting, and downloading of container and VM images.
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</para>
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<para>For each container registered with <filename>systemd-machined.service</filename> that employs user
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namespacing, users/groups are synthesized for the used UIDs/GIDs. These are made available to the system
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using the <ulink url="https://systemd.io/USER_GROUP_API">User/Group Record Lookup API via
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Varlink</ulink>, and thus may be resolved with
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdbctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> or the
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usual glibc NSS calls.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>See Also</title>
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<para><simplelist type="inline">
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<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
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<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>machinectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
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<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
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<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>nss-mymachines</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
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<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
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</simplelist></para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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