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956 lines
51 KiB
XML
956 lines
51 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
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systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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Lesser General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
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along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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-->
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<refentry id="journalctl"
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>journalctl</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
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<surname>Poettering</surname>
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<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>journalctl</refname>
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<refpurpose>Query the systemd journal</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>journalctl</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">MATCHES</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><command>journalctl</command> may be used to
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query the contents of the
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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journal as written by
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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<para>If called without parameters, it will show the full
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contents of the journal, starting with the oldest
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entry collected.</para>
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<para>If one or more match arguments are passed, the
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output is filtered accordingly. A match is in the
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format <literal>FIELD=VALUE</literal>,
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e.g. <literal>_SYSTEMD_UNIT=httpd.service</literal>,
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referring to the components of a structured journal
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entry. See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for a list of well-known fields. If multiple matches
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are specified matching different fields, the log
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entries are filtered by both, i.e. the resulting output
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will show only entries matching all the specified
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matches of this kind. If two matches apply to the same
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field, then they are automatically matched as
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alternatives, i.e. the resulting output will show
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entries matching any of the specified matches for the
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same field. Finally, the character
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<literal>+</literal> may appears as a separate word
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between other terms on the command line. This causes
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all matches before and after to be combined in a
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disjunction (i.e. logical OR).</para>
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<para>As shortcuts for a few types of field/value
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matches, file paths may be specified. If a file path
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refers to an executable file, this is equivalent to an
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<literal>_EXE=</literal> match for the canonicalized
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binary path. Similarly, if a path refers to a device
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node, this is equivalent to a
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<literal>_KERNEL_DEVICE=</literal> match for the
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device.</para>
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<para>Additional constraints may be added using options
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<option>--boot</option>, <option>--unit=</option>,
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etc, to further limit what entries will be shown
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(logical AND).</para>
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<para>Output is interleaved from all accessible
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journal files, whether they are rotated or currently
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being written, and regardless of whether they belong to the
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system itself or are accessible user journals.</para>
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<para>The set of journal files which will be used
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can be modified using the <option>--user</option>,
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<option>--system</option>, <option>--directory</option>,
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and <option>--file</option> options, see below.</para>
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<para>All users are granted access to their private
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per-user journals. However, by default, only root and
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users who are members of the <literal>systemd-journal</literal>
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group get access to the system journal and the
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journals of other users.</para>
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<para>The output is paged through
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<command>less</command> by default, and long lines are
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"truncated" to screen width. The hidden part can be
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viewed by using the left-arrow and right-arrow
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keys. Paging can be disabled; see the
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<option>--no-pager</option> option and the "Environment"
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section below.</para>
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<para>When outputting to a tty, lines are colored
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according to priority: lines of level ERROR and higher
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are colored red; lines of level NOTICE and higher are
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highlighted; other lines are displayed normally.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>The following options are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-full</option></term>
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<term><option>--full</option></term>
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<term><option>-l</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Ellipsize fields when
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they do not fit in available columns.
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The default is to show full fields,
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allowing them to wrap or be truncated
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by the pager, if one is used.</para>
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<para>The old options
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<option>-l</option>/<option>--full</option>
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are not useful anymore, except to undo
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<option>--no-full</option>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-a</option></term>
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<term><option>--all</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Show all fields in
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full, even if they include unprintable
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characters or are very
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long.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-f</option></term>
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<term><option>--follow</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Show only the most recent
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journal entries, and continuously print
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new entries as they are appended to
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the journal.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-e</option></term>
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<term><option>--pager-end</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Immediately jump to
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the end of the journal inside the
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implied pager tool. This implies
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<option>-n1000</option> to guarantee
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that the pager will not buffer logs of
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unbounded size. This may be overridden
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with an explicit <option>-n</option>
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with some other numeric value while
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<option>-nall</option> will disable this cap.
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Note that this option is only supported for the
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>less</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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pager.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-n</option></term>
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<term><option>--lines=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Show the most recent
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journal events and limit the number of
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events shown. If
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<option>--follow</option> is used,
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this option is implied. The argument is
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a positive integer or <literal>all</literal>
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to disable line limiting. The default value is
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10 if no argument is given.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-tail</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Show all stored output
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lines, even in follow mode. Undoes the
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effect of
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<option>--lines=</option>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-r</option></term>
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<term><option>--reverse</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Reverse output so that the newest
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entries are displayed first.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-o</option></term>
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<term><option>--output=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Controls the
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formatting of the journal entries that
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are shown. Takes one of the following options:
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</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>short</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>is the default
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and generates an output
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that is mostly identical
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to the formatting of
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classic syslog files,
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showing one line per
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journal entry.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>short-iso</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>is very similar,
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but shows ISO 8601
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wallclock timestamps.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>short-precise</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>is very similar,
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but shows timestamps
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with full microsecond
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precision.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>short-monotonic</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>is very similar,
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but shows monotonic
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timestamps instead of
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wallclock timestamps.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>verbose</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>shows the
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full-structured entry
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items with all fields.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>export</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>serializes the
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journal into a binary
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(but mostly text-based)
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stream suitable for
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backups and network
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transfer (see <ulink
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url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/export">Journal
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Export Format</ulink>
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for more
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information).</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>json</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>formats entries
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as JSON data structures,
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one per line (see <ulink
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url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/json">Journal
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JSON Format</ulink> for
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more information).</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>json-pretty</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>formats entries as
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JSON data structures,
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but formats them in
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multiple lines in order
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to make them more
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readable by humans.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>json-sse</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>formats entries as
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JSON data structures,
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but wraps them in a
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format suitable for <ulink
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url="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Server-sent_events/Using_server-sent_events">Server-Sent
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Events</ulink>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>cat</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>generates a very
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terse output, only
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showing the actual
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message of each journal
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entry with no metadata,
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not even a timestamp.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--utc</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Express time in Coordinated Universal
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Time (UTC).</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-x</option></term>
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<term><option>--catalog</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Augment log lines with
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explanation texts from the message
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catalog. This will add explanatory
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help texts to log messages in the
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output where this is available. These
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short help texts will explain the
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context of an error or log event,
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possible solutions, as well as
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pointers to support forums, developer
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documentation, and any other relevant
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manuals. Note that help texts are not
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available for all messages, but only
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for selected ones. For more
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information on the message catalog,
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please refer to the <ulink
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url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/catalog">Message
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Catalog Developer
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Documentation</ulink>.</para>
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<para>Note: when attaching
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<command>journalctl</command> output
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to bug reports, please do
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<emphasis>not</emphasis> use
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<option>-x</option>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-q</option></term>
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<term><option>--quiet</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Suppresses any warning
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messages regarding inaccessible system
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journals when run as a normal
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user.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-m</option></term>
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<term><option>--merge</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Show entries
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interleaved from all available
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journals, including remote
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ones.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-b <optional><replaceable>ID</replaceable></optional><optional><replaceable>±offset</replaceable></optional></option></term>
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<term><option>--boot=<optional><replaceable>ID</replaceable></optional><optional><replaceable>±offset</replaceable></optional></option></term>
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<listitem><para>Show messages from a specific
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boot. This will add a match for
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<literal>_BOOT_ID=</literal>.</para>
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<para>The argument may be empty, in which case
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logs for the current boot will be shown.</para>
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<para>If the boot ID is omitted, a positive
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<replaceable>offset</replaceable> will look up
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the boots starting from the beginning of the
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journal, and a equal-or-less-than zero
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<replaceable>offset</replaceable> will look up
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boots starting from the end of the
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journal. Thus, <constant>1</constant> means the
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first boot found in the journal in
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chronological order, <constant>2</constant> the
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second and so on; while <constant>-0</constant>
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is the last boot, <constant>-1</constant> the
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boot before last, and so on. An empty
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<replaceable>offset</replaceable> is equivalent
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to specifying <constant>-0</constant>, except
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when the current boot is not the last boot
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(e.g. because <option>--directory</option> was
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specified to look at logs from a different
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machine).</para>
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<para>If the 32-character
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<replaceable>ID</replaceable> is specified, it
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may optionally be followed by
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<replaceable>offset</replaceable> which
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identifies the boot relative to the one given by
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boot <replaceable>ID</replaceable>. Negative
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values mean earlier boots and a positive values
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mean later boots. If
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<replaceable>offset</replaceable> is not
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specified, a value of zero is assumed, and the
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logs for the boot given by
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<replaceable>ID</replaceable> are shown.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--list-boots</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Show a tabular list of
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boot numbers (relative to the current
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boot), their IDs, and the timestamps
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of the first and last message
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pertaining to the boot.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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|
<term><option>-k</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--dmesg</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Show only kernel messages. This
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implies <option>-b</option> and adds the match
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<literal>_TRANSPORT=kernel</literal>.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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|
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<varlistentry>
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|
<term><option>-t</option></term>
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<term><option>--identifier=<replaceable>SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER</replaceable>|<replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>Show messages for the
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specified syslog identifier
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<replaceable>SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER</replaceable>, or
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for any of the messages with a <literal>SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER</literal>
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matched by <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>.</para>
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|
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<para>This parameter can be specified
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multiple times.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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|
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<varlistentry>
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|
<term><option>-u</option></term>
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<term><option>--unit=<replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>|<replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>Show messages for the
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specified systemd unit
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<replaceable>UNIT</replaceable> (such
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|
as a service unit), or for any of the
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units matched by
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<replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>.
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|
If a pattern is specified, a list of
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unit names found in the journal is
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compared with the specified pattern
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|
and all that match are used. For each
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unit name, a match is added for
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|
messages from the unit
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|
(<literal>_SYSTEMD_UNIT=<replaceable>UNIT</replaceable></literal>),
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|
along with additional matches for
|
|
messages from systemd and messages
|
|
about coredumps for the specified
|
|
unit.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>This parameter can be specified
|
|
multiple times.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--user-unit=</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Show messages for the
|
|
specified user session unit. This will
|
|
add a match for messages from the unit
|
|
(<literal>_SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT=</literal>
|
|
and <literal>_UID=</literal>) and
|
|
additional matches for messages from
|
|
session systemd and messages about
|
|
coredumps for the specified unit.</para>
|
|
<para>This parameter can be specified multiple times.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-p</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--priority=</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Filter output by
|
|
message priorities or priority
|
|
ranges. Takes either a single numeric
|
|
or textual log level (i.e. between
|
|
0/<literal>emerg</literal> and
|
|
7/<literal>debug</literal>), or a
|
|
range of numeric/text log levels in
|
|
the form FROM..TO. The log levels are
|
|
the usual syslog log levels as
|
|
documented in
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
i.e. <literal>emerg</literal> (0),
|
|
<literal>alert</literal> (1),
|
|
<literal>crit</literal> (2),
|
|
<literal>err</literal> (3),
|
|
<literal>warning</literal> (4),
|
|
<literal>notice</literal> (5),
|
|
<literal>info</literal> (6),
|
|
<literal>debug</literal> (7). If a
|
|
single log level is specified, all
|
|
messages with this log level or a
|
|
lower (hence more important) log level
|
|
are shown. If a range is specified, all
|
|
messages within the range are shown,
|
|
including both the start and the end
|
|
value of the range. This will add
|
|
<literal>PRIORITY=</literal> matches
|
|
for the specified
|
|
priorities.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-c</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--cursor=</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Start showing entries
|
|
from the location in the journal
|
|
specified by the passed
|
|
cursor.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--after-cursor=</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Start showing entries
|
|
from the location in the journal
|
|
<emphasis>after</emphasis> the
|
|
location specified by the this cursor.
|
|
The cursor is shown when the
|
|
<option>--show-cursor</option> option
|
|
is used.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--show-cursor</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>The cursor is shown after the last
|
|
entry after two dashes:</para>
|
|
<programlisting>-- cursor: s=0639...</programlisting>
|
|
<para>The format of the cursor is private
|
|
and subject to change.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--since=</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--until=</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Start showing entries
|
|
on or newer than the specified date,
|
|
or on or older than the specified
|
|
date, respectively. Date specifications
|
|
should be of the format
|
|
<literal>2012-10-30 18:17:16</literal>.
|
|
If the time part is omitted,
|
|
<literal>00:00:00</literal> is assumed.
|
|
If only the seconds component is omitted,
|
|
<literal>:00</literal> is assumed. If the
|
|
date component is omitted, the current
|
|
day is assumed. Alternatively the strings
|
|
<literal>yesterday</literal>,
|
|
<literal>today</literal>,
|
|
<literal>tomorrow</literal> are
|
|
understood, which refer to 00:00:00 of
|
|
the day before the current day, the
|
|
current day, or the day after the
|
|
current day, respectively. <literal>now</literal>
|
|
refers to the current time. Finally,
|
|
relative times may be specified,
|
|
prefixed with <literal>-</literal> or
|
|
<literal>+</literal>, referring to
|
|
times before or after the current
|
|
time, respectively.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-F</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--field=</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Print all possible
|
|
data values the specified field can
|
|
take in all entries of the
|
|
journal.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--system</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--user</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Show messages from
|
|
system services and the kernel (with
|
|
<option>--system</option>). Show
|
|
messages from service of current user
|
|
(with <option>--user</option>).
|
|
If neither is specified, show all
|
|
messages that the user can see.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-M</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--machine=</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Show messages from a
|
|
running, local container. Specify a
|
|
container name to connect
|
|
to.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-D <replaceable>DIR</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--directory=<replaceable>DIR</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a directory path
|
|
as argument. If specified, journalctl
|
|
will operate on the specified journal
|
|
directory
|
|
<replaceable>DIR</replaceable> instead
|
|
of the default runtime and system
|
|
journal paths.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--file=<replaceable>GLOB</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a file glob as an
|
|
argument. If specified, journalctl will
|
|
operate on the specified journal files
|
|
matching <replaceable>GLOB</replaceable>
|
|
instead of the default runtime and
|
|
system journal paths. May be specified
|
|
multiple times, in which case files will
|
|
be suitably interleaved.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--root=<replaceable>ROOT</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a directory path
|
|
as an argument. If specified, journalctl
|
|
will operate on catalog file hierarchy
|
|
underneath the specified directory
|
|
instead of the root directory
|
|
(e.g. <option>--update-catalog</option>
|
|
will create
|
|
<filename><replaceable>ROOT</replaceable>/var/lib/systemd/catalog/database</filename>).
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--new-id128</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Instead of showing
|
|
journal contents, generate a new 128-bit
|
|
ID suitable for identifying
|
|
messages. This is intended for usage
|
|
by developers who need a new
|
|
identifier for a new message they
|
|
introduce and want to make
|
|
recognizable. This will print the new ID in
|
|
three different formats which can be
|
|
copied into source code or
|
|
similar.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--header</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Instead of showing
|
|
journal contents, show internal header
|
|
information of the journal fields
|
|
accessed.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--disk-usage</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Shows the current disk
|
|
usage of all
|
|
journal files.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--list-catalog
|
|
<optional><replaceable>128-bit-ID...</replaceable></optional>
|
|
</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>List the contents of
|
|
the message catalog as a table of
|
|
message IDs, plus their short
|
|
description strings.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If any
|
|
<replaceable>128-bit-ID</replaceable>s are
|
|
specified, only those entries are shown.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--dump-catalog
|
|
<optional><replaceable>128-bit-ID...</replaceable></optional>
|
|
</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Show the contents of
|
|
the message catalog, with entries
|
|
separated by a line consisting of two
|
|
dashes and the ID (the format is the
|
|
same as <filename>.catalog</filename>
|
|
files).</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If any
|
|
<replaceable>128-bit-ID</replaceable>s are
|
|
specified, only those entries are shown.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--update-catalog</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Update the message
|
|
catalog index. This command needs to
|
|
be executed each time new catalog
|
|
files are installed, removed, or
|
|
updated to rebuild the binary catalog
|
|
index.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--setup-keys</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Instead of showing
|
|
journal contents, generate a new key
|
|
pair for Forward Secure Sealing
|
|
(FSS). This will generate a sealing
|
|
key and a verification key. The
|
|
sealing key is stored in the journal
|
|
data directory and shall remain on the
|
|
host. The verification key should be
|
|
stored externally. Refer to the
|
|
<option>Seal=</option> option in
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>journald.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for information on Forward Secure
|
|
Sealing and for a link to a refereed
|
|
scholarly paper detailing the
|
|
cryptographic theory it is based on.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--force</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>When
|
|
<option>--setup-keys</option> is passed and
|
|
Forward Secure Sealing (FSS) has already been
|
|
configured, recreate FSS keys.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--interval=</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Specifies the change
|
|
interval for the sealing key when
|
|
generating an FSS key pair with
|
|
<option>--setup-keys</option>. Shorter
|
|
intervals increase CPU consumption but
|
|
shorten the time range of
|
|
undetectable journal
|
|
alterations. Defaults to
|
|
15min.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--verify</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Check the journal file
|
|
for internal consistency. If the
|
|
file has been generated with FSS
|
|
enabled and the FSS verification key
|
|
has been specified with
|
|
<option>--verify-key=</option>,
|
|
authenticity of the journal file is
|
|
verified.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--verify-key=</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Specifies the FSS
|
|
verification key to use for the
|
|
<option>--verify</option>
|
|
operation.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" />
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-pager" />
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Exit status</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>On success, 0 is returned; otherwise, a non-zero
|
|
failure code is returned.</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="less-variables.xml" />
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Examples</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>Without arguments, all collected logs are shown
|
|
unfiltered:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>journalctl</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>With one match specified, all entries with a field matching the expression are shown:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>If two different fields are matched, only entries matching both expressions at the same time are shown:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service _PID=28097</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>If two matches refer to the same field, all entries matching either expression are shown:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service _SYSTEMD_UNIT=dbus.service</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>If the separator <literal>+</literal> is used,
|
|
two expressions may be combined in a logical OR. The
|
|
following will show all messages from the Avahi
|
|
service process with the PID 28097 plus all messages
|
|
from the D-Bus service (from any of its
|
|
processes):</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service _PID=28097 + _SYSTEMD_UNIT=dbus.service</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>Show all logs generated by the D-Bus executable:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>journalctl /usr/bin/dbus-daemon</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>Show all logs of the kernel device node <filename noindex='true'>/dev/sda</filename>:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>journalctl /dev/sda</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>Show all kernel logs from previous boot:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>journalctl -k -b -1</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>Show a live log display from a system service <filename>apache.service</filename>:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>journalctl -f -u apache</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>coredumpctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>journald.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|