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systemd/man/nss-myhostname.xml
Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek 11a1589223 tree-wide: drop license boilerplate
Files which are installed as-is (any .service and other unit files, .conf
files, .policy files, etc), are left as is. My assumption is that SPDX
identifiers are not yet that well known, so it's better to retain the
extended header to avoid any doubt.

I also kept any copyright lines. We can probably remove them, but it'd nice to
obtain explicit acks from all involved authors before doing that.
2018-04-06 18:58:55 +02:00

139 lines
5.3 KiB
XML

<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
<!--
SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+
This file is part of systemd.
Copyright 2011 Lennart Poettering
Copyright 2013 Tom Gundersen
-->
<refentry id="nss-myhostname" conditional='ENABLE_MYHOSTNAME'>
<refentryinfo>
<title>nss-myhostname</title>
<productname>systemd</productname>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<contrib>Developer</contrib>
<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
<surname>Poettering</surname>
<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</refentryinfo>
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>nss-myhostname</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>nss-myhostname</refname>
<refname>libnss_myhostname.so.2</refname>
<refpurpose>Provide hostname resolution for the locally
configured system hostname.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<para><filename>libnss_myhostname.so.2</filename></para>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para><command>nss-myhostname</command> is a plug-in module for the GNU Name Service Switch (NSS) functionality of
the GNU C Library (<command>glibc</command>), primarily providing hostname resolution for the locally configured
system hostname as returned by
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gethostname</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The precise
hostnames resolved by this module are:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>The local, configured hostname is resolved to
all locally configured IP addresses ordered by their scope, or
— if none are configured — the IPv4 address 127.0.0.2 (which
is on the local loopback) and the IPv6 address ::1 (which is the
local host).</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The hostnames <literal>localhost</literal> and
<literal>localhost.localdomain</literal> (as well as any hostname
ending in <literal>.localhost</literal> or <literal>.localhost.localdomain</literal>)
are resolved to the IP addresses 127.0.0.1 and ::1.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The hostname <literal>_gateway</literal> is
resolved to all current default routing gateway addresses,
ordered by their metric. This assigns a stable hostname to the
current gateway, useful for referencing it independently of the
current network configuration state.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Various software relies on an always-resolvable local
hostname. When using dynamic hostnames, this is traditionally
achieved by patching <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> at the same
time as changing the hostname. This is problematic since it
requires a writable <filename>/etc</filename> file system and is
fragile because the file might be edited by the administrator at
the same time. With <command>nss-myhostname</command> enabled,
changing <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> is unnecessary, and on
many systems, the file becomes entirely optional.</para>
<para>To activate the NSS modules, add <literal>myhostname</literal> to the line starting with
<literal>hosts:</literal> in <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename>.</para>
<para>It is recommended to place <literal>myhostname</literal> last in the <filename>nsswitch.conf</filename>'
<literal>hosts:</literal> line to make sure that this mapping is only used as fallback, and that any DNS or
<filename>/etc/hosts</filename> based mapping takes precedence.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Example</title>
<para>Here is an example <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file that enables
<command>nss-myhostname</command> correctly:</para>
<programlisting>passwd: compat mymachines systemd
group: compat mymachines systemd
shadow: compat
hosts: files mymachines resolve [!UNAVAIL=return] dns <command>myhostname</command>
networks: files
protocols: db files
services: db files
ethers: db files
rpc: db files
netgroup: nis</programlisting>
<para>To test, use <command>glibc</command>'s <command>getent</command> tool:</para>
<programlisting>$ getent ahosts `hostname`
::1 STREAM omega
::1 DGRAM
::1 RAW
127.0.0.2 STREAM
127.0.0.2 DGRAM
127.0.0.2 RAW</programlisting>
<para>In this case, the local hostname is <varname>omega</varname>.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>See Also</title>
<para>
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>nss-systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>nss-resolve</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>nss-mymachines</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>nsswitch.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>getent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>