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377 lines
15 KiB
XML
377 lines
15 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
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systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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Lesser General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
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along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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-->
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<refentry id="sd_notify"
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>sd_notify</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
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<surname>Poettering</surname>
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<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>sd_notify</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>sd_notify</refname>
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<refname>sd_notifyf</refname>
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<refname>sd_pid_notify</refname>
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<refname>sd_pid_notifyf</refname>
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<refname>sd_pid_notify_with_fds</refname>
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<refpurpose>Notify service manager about start-up completion and other service status changes</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<funcsynopsis>
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<funcsynopsisinfo>#include <systemd/sd-daemon.h></funcsynopsisinfo>
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<funcprototype>
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<funcdef>int <function>sd_notify</function></funcdef>
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<paramdef>int <parameter>unset_environment</parameter></paramdef>
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<paramdef>const char *<parameter>state</parameter></paramdef>
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</funcprototype>
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<funcprototype>
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<funcdef>int <function>sd_notifyf</function></funcdef>
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<paramdef>int <parameter>unset_environment</parameter></paramdef>
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<paramdef>const char *<parameter>format</parameter></paramdef>
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<paramdef>...</paramdef>
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</funcprototype>
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<funcprototype>
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<funcdef>int <function>sd_pid_notify</function></funcdef>
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<paramdef>pid_t <parameter>pid</parameter></paramdef>
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<paramdef>int <parameter>unset_environment</parameter></paramdef>
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<paramdef>const char *<parameter>state</parameter></paramdef>
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</funcprototype>
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<funcprototype>
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<funcdef>int <function>sd_pid_notifyf</function></funcdef>
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<paramdef>pid_t <parameter>pid</parameter></paramdef>
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<paramdef>int <parameter>unset_environment</parameter></paramdef>
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<paramdef>const char *<parameter>format</parameter></paramdef>
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<paramdef>...</paramdef>
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</funcprototype>
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<funcprototype>
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<funcdef>int <function>sd_pid_notify_with_fds</function></funcdef>
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<paramdef>pid_t <parameter>pid</parameter></paramdef>
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<paramdef>int <parameter>unset_environment</parameter></paramdef>
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<paramdef>const char *<parameter>state</parameter></paramdef>
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<paramdef>const int *<parameter>fds</parameter></paramdef>
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<paramdef>unsigned <parameter>n_fds</parameter></paramdef>
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</funcprototype>
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</funcsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><function>sd_notify()</function> may be called by a service
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to notify the service manager about state changes. It can be used
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to send arbitrary information, encoded in an
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environment-block-like string. Most importantly it can be used for
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start-up completion notification.</para>
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<para>If the <parameter>unset_environment</parameter> parameter is
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non-zero, <function>sd_notify()</function> will unset the
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<varname>$NOTIFY_SOCKET</varname> environment variable before
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returning (regardless of whether the function call itself
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succeeded or not). Further calls to
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<function>sd_notify()</function> will then fail, but the variable
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is no longer inherited by child processes.</para>
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<para>The <parameter>state</parameter> parameter should contain a
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newline-separated list of variable assignments, similar in style
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to an environment block. A trailing newline is implied if none is
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specified. The string may contain any kind of variable
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assignments, but the following shall be considered
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well-known:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>READY=1</term>
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<listitem><para>Tells the service manager that service startup
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is finished. This is only used by systemd if the service
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definition file has Type=notify set. Since there is little
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value in signaling non-readiness, the only value services
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should send is <literal>READY=1</literal> (i.e.
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<literal>READY=0</literal> is not defined).</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>RELOADING=1</term>
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<listitem><para>Tells the service manager that the service is
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reloading its configuration. This is useful to allow the
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service manager to track the service's internal state, and
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present it to the user. Note that a service that sends this
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notification must also send a <literal>READY=1</literal>
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notification when it completed reloading its
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configuration.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>STOPPING=1</term>
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<listitem><para>Tells the service manager that the service is
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beginning its shutdown. This is useful to allow the service
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manager to track the service's internal state, and present it
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to the user.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>STATUS=...</term>
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<listitem><para>Passes a single-line UTF-8 status string back
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to the service manager that describes the service state. This
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is free-form and can be used for various purposes: general
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state feedback, fsck-like programs could pass completion
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percentages and failing programs could pass a human readable
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error message. Example: <literal>STATUS=Completed 66% of file
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system check...</literal></para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>ERRNO=...</term>
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<listitem><para>If a service fails, the errno-style error
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code, formatted as string. Example: <literal>ERRNO=2</literal>
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for ENOENT.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>BUSERROR=...</term>
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<listitem><para>If a service fails, the D-Bus error-style
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error code. Example:
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<literal>BUSERROR=org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.TimedOut</literal></para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>MAINPID=...</term>
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<listitem><para>The main process ID (PID) of the service, in
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case the service manager did not fork off the process itself.
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Example: <literal>MAINPID=4711</literal></para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>WATCHDOG=1</term>
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<listitem><para>Tells the service manager to update the
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watchdog timestamp. This is the keep-alive ping that services
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need to issue in regular intervals if
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<varname>WatchdogSec=</varname> is enabled for it. See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for information how to enable this functionality and
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_watchdog_enabled</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for the details of how the service can check whether the
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watchdog is enabled. </para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>FDSTORE=1</term>
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<listitem><para>Stores additional file descriptors in the
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service manager. File descriptors sent this way will be
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maintained per-service by the service manager and be passed
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again using the usual file descriptor passing logic on the
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next invocation of the service (see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_listen_fds</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>).
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This is useful for implementing service restart schemes where
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services serialize their state to <filename>/run</filename>,
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push their file descriptors to the system manager, and are
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then restarted, retrieving their state again via socket
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passing and <filename>/run</filename>. Note that the service
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manager will accept messages for a service only if
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<varname>FileDescriptorStoreMax=</varname> is set to non-zero
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for it (defaults to zero). See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details. Multiple arrays of file descriptors may be sent
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in separate messages, in which case the arrays are combined.
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Note that the service manager removes duplicate file
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descriptors before passing them to the service. Use
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<function>sd_pid_notify_with_fds()</function> to send messages
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with <literal>FDSTORE=1</literal>, see
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below.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>It is recommended to prefix variable names that are not
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listed above with <varname>X_</varname> to avoid namespace
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clashes.</para>
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<para>Note that systemd will accept status data sent from a
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service only if the <varname>NotifyAccess=</varname> option is
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correctly set in the service definition file. See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details.</para>
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<para><function>sd_notifyf()</function> is similar to
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<function>sd_notify()</function> but takes a
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<function>printf()</function>-like format string plus
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arguments.</para>
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<para><function>sd_pid_notify()</function> and
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<function>sd_pid_notifyf()</function> are similar to
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<function>sd_notify()</function> and
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<function>sd_notifyf()</function> but take a process ID (PID) to
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use as originating PID for the message as first argument. This is
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useful to send notification messages on behalf of other processes,
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provided the appropriate privileges are available. If the PID
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argument is specified as 0 the process ID of the calling process
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is used, in which case the calls are fully equivalent to
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<function>sd_notify()</function> and
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<function>sd_notifyf()</function>.</para>
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<para><function>sd_pid_notify_with_fds()</function> is similar to
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<function>sd_pid_notify()</function> but takes an additional array
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of file descriptors. These file descriptors are sent along the
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notification message to the service manager. This is particularly
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useful for sending <literal>FDSTORE=1</literal> messages, as
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described above. The additional arguments are a pointer to the
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file descriptor array plus the number of file descriptors in the
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array. If the number of file descriptors is passed as 0, the call
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is fully equivalent to <function>sd_pid_notify()</function>, i.e.
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no file descriptors are passed. Note that sending file descriptors
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to the service manager on messages that do not expect them (i.e.
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without <literal>FDSTORE=1</literal>) they are immediately closed
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on reception.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Return Value</title>
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<para>On failure, these calls return a negative errno-style error
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code. If <varname>$NOTIFY_SOCKET</varname> was not set and hence
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no status data could be sent, 0 is returned. If the status was
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sent, these functions return with a positive return value. In
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order to support both, init systems that implement this scheme and
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those which do not, it is generally recommended to ignore the
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return value of this call.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Notes</title>
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<xi:include href="libsystemd-pkgconfig.xml" xpointer="pkgconfig-text"/>
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<para>Internally, these functions send a single datagram with the
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state string as payload to the <constant>AF_UNIX</constant> socket
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referenced in the <varname>$NOTIFY_SOCKET</varname> environment
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variable. If the first character of
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<varname>$NOTIFY_SOCKET</varname> is <literal>@</literal>, the
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string is understood as Linux abstract namespace socket. The
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datagram is accompanied by the process credentials of the sending
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service, using SCM_CREDENTIALS.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Environment</title>
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<variablelist class='environment-variables'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>$NOTIFY_SOCKET</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Set by the service manager for supervised
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processes for status and start-up completion notification.
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This environment variable specifies the socket
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<function>sd_notify()</function> talks to. See above for
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details.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Examples</title>
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<example>
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<title>Start-up Notification</title>
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<para>When a service finished starting up, it might issue the
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following call to notify the service manager:</para>
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<programlisting>sd_notify(0, "READY=1");</programlisting>
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</example>
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<example>
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<title>Extended Start-up Notification</title>
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<para>A service could send the following after completing
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initialization:</para>
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<programlisting>sd_notifyf(0, "READY=1\n"
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"STATUS=Processing requests...\n"
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"MAINPID=%lu",
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(unsigned long) getpid());</programlisting>
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</example>
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<example>
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<title>Error Cause Notification</title>
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<para>A service could send the following shortly before exiting, on failure:</para>
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<programlisting>sd_notifyf(0, "STATUS=Failed to start up: %s\n"
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"ERRNO=%i",
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strerror(errno),
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errno);</programlisting>
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</example>
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<example>
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<title>Store a File Descriptor in the Service Manager</title>
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<para>To store an open file descriptor in the service manager,
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in order to continue operation after a service restart without
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losing state use <literal>FDSTORE=1</literal>:</para>
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<programlisting>sd_pid_notify_with_fds(0, 0, "FDSTORE=1", &fd, 1);</programlisting>
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</example>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>See Also</title>
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<para>
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_watchdog_enabled</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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