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378 lines
14 KiB
XML
378 lines
14 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
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systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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Lesser General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
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along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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-->
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<refentry id="systemd-analyze"
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>systemd-analyze</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
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<surname>Poettering</surname>
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<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
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</author>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Harald</firstname>
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<surname>Hoyer</surname>
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<email>harald@redhat.com</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>systemd-analyze</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>systemd-analyze</refname>
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<refpurpose>Analyze system boot-up performance</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg>time</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">blame</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">critical-chain</arg>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>UNIT</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">plot</arg>
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<arg choice="opt">> file.svg</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">dot</arg>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable></arg>
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<arg choice="opt">> file.dot</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">dump</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">set-log-level</arg>
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<arg choice="opt"><replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">verify</arg>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>FILES</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze</command> may be used to determine
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system boot-up performance statistics and retrieve other state and
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tracing information from the system and service manager, and to
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verify the correctness of unit files.</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze time</command> prints the time
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spent in the kernel before userspace has been reached, the time
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spent in the initial RAM disk (initrd) before normal system
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userspace has been reached, and the time normal system userspace
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took to initialize. Note that these measurements simply measure
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the time passed up to the point where all system services have
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been spawned, but not necessarily until they fully finished
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initialization or the disk is idle.</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze blame</command> prints a list of
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all running units, ordered by the time they took to initialize.
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This information may be used to optimize boot-up times. Note that
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the output might be misleading as the initialization of one
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service might be slow simply because it waits for the
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initialization of another service to complete.</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze critical-chain
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[<replaceable>UNIT...</replaceable>]</command> prints a tree of
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the time-critical chain of units (for each of the specified
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<replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>s or for the default target
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otherwise). The time after the unit is active or started is
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printed after the "@" character. The time the unit takes to start
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is printed after the "+" character. Note that the output might be
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misleading as the initialization of one service might depend on
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socket activation and because of the parallel execution of
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units.</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze plot</command> prints an SVG
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graphic detailing which system services have been started at what
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time, highlighting the time they spent on initialization.</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze dot</command> generates textual
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dependency graph description in dot format for further processing
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with the GraphViz
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<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>dot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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tool. Use a command line like <command>systemd-analyze dot | dot
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-Tsvg > systemd.svg</command> to generate a graphical dependency
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tree. Unless <option>--order</option> or
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<option>--require</option> is passed, the generated graph will
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show both ordering and requirement dependencies. Optional pattern
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globbing style specifications (e.g. <filename>*.target</filename>)
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may be given at the end. A unit dependency is included in the
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graph if any of these patterns match either the origin or
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destination node.</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze dump</command> outputs a (usually
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very long) human-readable serialization of the complete server
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state. Its format is subject to change without notice and should
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not be parsed by applications.</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze set-log-level
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<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable></command> changes the current log
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level of the <command>systemd</command> daemon to
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<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable> (accepts the same values as
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<option>--log-level=</option> described in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>).</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze verify</command> will load unit
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files and print warnings if any errors are detected. Files
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specified on the command line will be loaded, but also any other
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units referenced by them. This command works by prepending the
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directories for all command line arguments at the beginning of the
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unit load path, which means that all units files found in those
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directories will be used in preference to the unit files found in
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the standard locations, even if not listed explicitly.</para>
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<para>If no command is passed, <command>systemd-analyze
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time</command> is implied.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>The following options are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--user</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Operates on the user systemd
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instance.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--system</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Operates on the system systemd instance. This
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is the implied default.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--order</option></term>
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<term><option>--require</option></term>
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<listitem><para>When used in conjunction with the
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<command>dot</command> command (see above), selects which
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dependencies are shown in the dependency graph. If
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<option>--order</option> is passed, only dependencies of type
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<varname>After=</varname> or <varname>Before=</varname> are
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shown. If <option>--require</option> is passed, only
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dependencies of type <varname>Requires=</varname>,
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<varname>RequiresOverridable=</varname>,
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<varname>Requisite=</varname>,
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<varname>RequisiteOverridable=</varname>,
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<varname>Wants=</varname> and <varname>Conflicts=</varname>
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are shown. If neither is passed, this shows dependencies of
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all these types.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--from-pattern=</option></term>
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<term><option>--to-pattern=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>When used in conjunction with the
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<command>dot</command> command (see above), this selects which
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relationships are shown in the dependency graph. Both options
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require a
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<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>glob</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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pattern as an argument, which will be matched against the
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left-hand and the right-hand, respectively, nodes of a
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relationship.</para>
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<para>Each of these can be used more than once, in which case
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the unit name must match one of the values. When tests for
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both sides of the relation are present, a relation must pass
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both tests to be shown. When patterns are also specified as
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positional arguments, they must match at least one side of the
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relation. In other words, patterns specified with those two
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options will trim the list of edges matched by the positional
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arguments, if any are given, and fully determine the list of
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edges shown otherwise.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--fuzz=</option><replaceable>timespan</replaceable></term>
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<listitem><para>When used in conjunction with the
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<command>critical-chain</command> command (see above), also
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show units, which finished <replaceable>timespan</replaceable>
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earlier, than the latest unit in the same level. The unit of
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<replaceable>timespan</replaceable> is seconds unless
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specified with a different unit, e.g.
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"50ms".</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-man</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Do not invoke man to verify the existence of
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man pages listed in <varname>Documentation=</varname>.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="host" />
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<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="machine" />
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" />
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-pager" />
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Exit status</title>
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<para>On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure code
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otherwise.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Examples for <command>dot</command></title>
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<example>
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<title>Plots all dependencies of any unit whose name starts with
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<literal>avahi-daemon</literal></title>
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<programlisting>$ systemd-analyze dot 'avahi-daemon.*' | dot -Tsvg > avahi.svg
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$ eog avahi.svg</programlisting>
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</example>
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<example>
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<title>Plots the dependencies between all known target units</title>
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<programlisting>systemd-analyze dot --to-pattern='*.target' --from-pattern='*.target' | dot -Tsvg > targets.svg
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$ eog targets.svg</programlisting>
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</example>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Examples for <command>verify</command></title>
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<para>The following errors are currently detected:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>unknown sections and directives,
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>missing dependencies which are required to start
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the given unit, </para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>man pages listed in
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<varname>Documentation=</varname> which are not found in the
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system,</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>commands listed in <varname>ExecStart=</varname>
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and similar which are not found in the system or not
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executable.</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<example>
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<title>Misspelt directives</title>
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<programlisting>$ cat ./user.slice
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[Unit]
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WhatIsThis=11
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Documentation=man:nosuchfile(1)
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Requires=different.service
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[Service]
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Desription=x
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$ systemd-analyze verify ./user.slice
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[./user.slice:9] Unknown lvalue 'WhatIsThis' in section 'Unit'
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[./user.slice:13] Unknown section 'Service'. Ignoring.
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Error: org.freedesktop.systemd1.LoadFailed:
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Unit different.service failed to load:
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No such file or directory.
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Failed to create user.slice/start: Invalid argument
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user.slice: man nosuchfile(1) command failed with code 16
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</programlisting>
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</example>
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<example>
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<title>Missing service units</title>
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<programlisting>$ tail ./a.socket ./b.socket
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==> ./a.socket <==
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[Socket]
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ListenStream=100
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==> ./b.socket <==
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[Socket]
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ListenStream=100
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Accept=yes
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$ systemd-analyze verify ./a.socket ./b.socket
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Service a.service not loaded, a.socket cannot be started.
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Service b@0.service not loaded, b.socket cannot be started.
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</programlisting>
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</example>
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</refsect1>
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<xi:include href="less-variables.xml" />
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<refsect1>
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<title>See Also</title>
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<para>
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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