mirror of
https://github.com/systemd/systemd.git
synced 2024-10-31 16:21:26 +03:00
259 lines
14 KiB
XML
259 lines
14 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
|
|
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
|
|
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
|
|
<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later -->
|
|
|
|
<refentry id="systemd-dissect" conditional='HAVE_BLKID'
|
|
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
|
|
|
|
<refentryinfo>
|
|
<title>systemd-dissect</title>
|
|
<productname>systemd</productname>
|
|
</refentryinfo>
|
|
|
|
<refmeta>
|
|
<refentrytitle>systemd-dissect</refentrytitle>
|
|
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
|
|
</refmeta>
|
|
|
|
<refnamediv>
|
|
<refname>systemd-dissect</refname>
|
|
<refpurpose>Dissect file system OS images</refpurpose>
|
|
</refnamediv>
|
|
|
|
<refsynopsisdiv>
|
|
<cmdsynopsis>
|
|
<command>systemd-dissect <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>IMAGE</replaceable></arg></command>
|
|
</cmdsynopsis>
|
|
<cmdsynopsis>
|
|
<command>systemd-dissect <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <option>--mount</option> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>IMAGE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>PATH</replaceable></arg></command>
|
|
</cmdsynopsis>
|
|
<cmdsynopsis>
|
|
<command>systemd-dissect <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <option>--copy-from</option> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>IMAGE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>PATH</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="opt"><replaceable>TARGET</replaceable></arg></command>
|
|
</cmdsynopsis>
|
|
<cmdsynopsis>
|
|
<command>systemd-dissect <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <option>--copy-to</option> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>IMAGE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="opt"><replaceable>SOURCE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>PATH</replaceable></arg></command>
|
|
</cmdsynopsis>
|
|
</refsynopsisdiv>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Description</title>
|
|
|
|
<para><command>systemd-dissect</command> is a tool for introspecting and interacting with file system OS
|
|
disk images. It supports four different operations:</para>
|
|
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem><para>Show general OS image information, including the image's
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>os-release</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> data,
|
|
machine ID, partition information and more.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Mount an OS image to a local directory. In this mode it will dissect the OS image and
|
|
mount the included partitions according to their designation onto a directory and possibly
|
|
sub-directories.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Copy files and directories in and out of an OS image.</para></listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
|
|
<para>The tool may operate on three types of OS images:</para>
|
|
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem><para>OS disk images containing a GPT partition table envelope, with partitions marked
|
|
according to the <ulink url="https://systemd.io/DISCOVERABLE_PARTITIONS">Discoverable Partitions
|
|
Specification</ulink>.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>OS disk images containing just a plain file-system without an enveloping partition
|
|
table. (This file system is assumed to be the root file system of the OS.)</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>OS disk images containing a GPT or MBR partition table, with a single
|
|
partition only. (This partition is assumed to contain the root file system of the OS.)</para></listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
|
|
<para>OS images may use any kind of Linux-supported file systems. In addition they may make use of LUKS
|
|
disk encryption, and contain Verity integrity information. Note that qualifying OS images may be booted
|
|
with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
|
|
<option>--image=</option> switch, and be used as root file system for system service using the
|
|
<varname>RootImage=</varname> unit file setting, see
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Note that the partition table shown when invoked without command switch (as listed below) does not
|
|
necessarily show all partitions included in the image, but just the partitions that are understood and
|
|
considered part of an OS disk image. Specifically, partitions of unknown types are ignored, as well as
|
|
duplicate partitions (i.e. more than one per partition type), as are root and <filename>/usr/</filename>
|
|
partitions of architectures not compatible with the local system. In other words: this tool will display
|
|
what it operates with when mounting the image. To display the complete list of partitions use a tool such
|
|
as <citerefentry
|
|
project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>fdisk</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Commands</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>If neither of the command switches listed below are passed the specified disk image is opened and
|
|
general information about the image and the contained partitions and their use is shown.</para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--mount</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>-m</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Mount the specified OS image to the specified directory. This will dissect the image,
|
|
determine the OS root file system — as well as possibly other partitions — and mount them to the
|
|
specified directory. If the OS image contains multiple partitions marked with the <ulink
|
|
url="https://systemd.io/DISCOVERABLE_PARTITIONS">Discoverable Partitions Specification</ulink>
|
|
multiple nested mounts are established. This command expects two arguments: a path to an image file
|
|
and a path to a directory where to mount the image.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>To unmount an OS image mounted like this use <citerefentry
|
|
project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>umount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
|
|
<option>-R</option> switch (for recursive operation), so that the OS image and all nested partition
|
|
mounts are unmounted.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>When the OS image contains LUKS encrypted or Verity integrity protected file systems
|
|
appropriate volumes are automatically set up and marked for automatic disassembly when the image is
|
|
unmounted.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The OS image may either be specified as path to an OS image stored in a regular file or may
|
|
refer to block device node (in the latter case the block device must be the "whole" device, i.e. not
|
|
a partition device). (The other supported commands described here support this, too.)</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>All mounted file systems are checked with the appropriate <citerefentry
|
|
project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>fsck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
implementation in automatic fixing mode, unless explicitly turned off (<option>--fsck=no</option>) or
|
|
read-only operation is requested (<option>--read-only</option>).</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-M</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>This is a shortcut for <option>--mount --mkdir</option>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--copy-from</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>-x</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Copies a file or directory from the specified OS image into the specified location on
|
|
the host file system. Expects three arguments: a path to an image file, a source path (relative to
|
|
the image's root directory) and a destination path (relative to the current working directory, or an
|
|
absolute path, both outside of the image). If the destination path is omitted or specified as dash
|
|
(<literal>-</literal>), the specified file is written to standard output. If the source path in the
|
|
image file system refers to a regular file it is copied to the destination path. In this case access
|
|
mode, extended attributes and timestamps are copied as well, but file ownership is not. If the source
|
|
path in the image refers to a directory, it is copied to the destination path, recursively with all
|
|
containing files and directories. In this case the file ownership is copied too.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--copy-to</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>-a</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Copies a file or directory from the specified location in the host file system into
|
|
the specified OS image. Expects three arguments: a path to an image file, a source path (relative to
|
|
the current working directory, or an absolute path, both outside of the image) and a destination path
|
|
(relative to the image's root directory). If the source path is omitted or specified as dash
|
|
(<literal>-</literal>), the data to write is read from standard input. If the source path in the host
|
|
file system refers to a regular file, it is copied to the destination path. In this case access mode,
|
|
extended attributes and timestamps are copied as well, but file ownership is not. If the source path
|
|
in the host file system refers to a directory it is copied to the destination path, recursively with
|
|
all containing files and directories. In this case the file ownership is copied
|
|
too.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>As with <option>--mount</option> file system checks are implicitly run before the copy
|
|
operation begins.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" />
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Options</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The following options are understood:</para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--read-only</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>-r</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Operate in read-only mode. By default <option>--mount</option> will establish
|
|
writable mount points. If this option is specified they are established in read-only mode
|
|
instead.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--fsck=no</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Turn off automatic file system checking. By default when an image is accessed for
|
|
writing (by <option>--mount</option> or <option>--add</option>) the file systems contained in the OS
|
|
image are automatically checked using the appropriate <citerefentry
|
|
project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>fsck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
command, in automatic fixing mode. This behavior may be switched off using
|
|
<option>--fsck=no</option>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--mkdir</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>If combined with <option>--mount</option> the directory to mount the OS image to is
|
|
created if it is missing. Note that the directory is not automatically removed when the disk image is
|
|
unmounted again.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--discard=</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes one of <literal>disabled</literal>, <literal>loop</literal>,
|
|
<literal>all</literal>, <literal>crypto</literal>. If <literal>disabled</literal> the image is
|
|
accessed with empty block discarding turned off. If <literal>loop</literal> discarding is enabled if
|
|
operating on a regular file. If <literal>crypt</literal> discarding is enabled even on encrypted file
|
|
systems. If <literal>all</literal> discarding is unconditionally enabled.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--root-hash=</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--root-hash-sig=</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--verity-data=</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Configure various aspects of Verity data integrity for the OS image. Option
|
|
<option>--root-hash=</option> specifies a hex-encoded top-level Verity hash to use for setting up the
|
|
Verity integrity protection. Option <option>--root-hash-sig=</option> specifies the path to a file
|
|
containing a PKCS#7 signature for the hash. This signature is passed to the kernel during activation,
|
|
which will match it against signature keys available in the kernel keyring. Option
|
|
<option>--verity-data=</option> specifies a path to a file with the Verity data to use for the OS
|
|
image, in case it is stored in a detached file. It is recommended to embed the Verity data directly
|
|
in the image, using the Verity mechanisms in the <ulink
|
|
url="https://systemd.io/DISCOVERABLE_PARTITIONS">Discoverable Partitions Specification</ulink>.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-pager" />
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-legend" />
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="json" />
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Exit status</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure code
|
|
otherwise.</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<ulink url="https://systemd.io/DISCOVERABLE_PARTITIONS">Discoverable Partitions Specification</ulink>,
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>umount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>fdisk</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|