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434 lines
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434 lines
20 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*- Mode: nxml; nxml-child-indent: 2; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2013 Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
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systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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Lesser General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
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along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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-->
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<refentry id="systemd.resource-control">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>systemd.resource-control</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
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<surname>Poettering</surname>
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<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>systemd.resource-control</refname>
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<refpurpose>Resource control unit settings</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<para>
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<filename><replaceable>slice</replaceable>.slice</filename>,
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<filename><replaceable>scope</replaceable>.scope</filename>,
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<filename><replaceable>service</replaceable>.service</filename>,
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<filename><replaceable>socket</replaceable>.socket</filename>,
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<filename><replaceable>mount</replaceable>.mount</filename>,
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<filename><replaceable>swap</replaceable>.swap</filename>
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</para>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para>Unit configuration files for services, slices, scopes,
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sockets, mount points, and swap devices share a subset of
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configuration options for resource control of spawned
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processes. Internally, this relies on the Control Groups
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kernel concept for organizing processes in a hierarchical tree of
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named groups for the purpose of resource management.</para>
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<para>This man page lists the configuration options shared by
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those six unit types. See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for the common options of all unit configuration files, and
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.slice</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.scope</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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and
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.swap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for more information on the specific unit configuration files. The
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resource control configuration options are configured in the
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[Slice], [Scope], [Service], [Socket], [Mount], or [Swap]
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sections, depending on the unit type.</para>
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<para>See the <ulink
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url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/ControlGroupInterface/">New
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Control Group Interfaces</ulink> for an introduction on how to make
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use of resource control APIs from programs.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>Units of the types listed above can have settings
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for resource control configuration:</para>
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<variablelist class='unit-directives'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>CPUAccounting=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Turn on CPU usage accounting for this unit. Takes a
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boolean argument. Note that turning on CPU accounting for
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one unit might also implicitly turn it on for all units
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contained in the same slice and for all its parent slices
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and the units contained therein. The system default for this
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setting maybe controlled with
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<varname>DefaultCPUAccounting=</varname> in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>CPUShares=<replaceable>weight</replaceable></varname></term>
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<term><varname>StartupCPUShares=<replaceable>weight</replaceable></varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Assign the specified CPU time share weight to the
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processes executed. Those options take an integer value and
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control the <literal>cpu.shares</literal> control group
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attribute, which defaults to 1024. For details about this
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control group attribute, see <ulink
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url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.txt">sched-design-CFS.txt</ulink>.
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The available CPU time is split up among all units within
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one slice relative to their CPU time share weight.</para>
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<para>While <varname>StartupCPUShares=</varname> only
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applies to the startup phase of the system,
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<varname>CPUShares=</varname> applies to normal runtime of
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the system, and if the former is not set also to the startup
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phase. Using <varname>StartupCPUShares=</varname> allows
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prioritizing specific services at boot-up differently than
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during normal runtime.</para>
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<para>Those options imply
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<literal>CPUAccounting=true</literal>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>CPUQuota=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Assign the specified CPU time quota to the processes
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executed. Takes a percentage value, suffixed with "%". The
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percentage specifies how much CPU time the unit shall get at
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maximum, relative to the total CPU time available on one
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CPU. Use values > 100% for allotting CPU time on more than
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one CPU. This controls the
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<literal>cpu.cfs_quota_us</literal> control group
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attribute. For details about this control group attribute,
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see <ulink
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url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.txt">sched-design-CFS.txt</ulink>.</para>
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<para>Example: <varname>CPUQuota=20%</varname> ensures that
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the executed processes will never get more than 20% CPU time
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on one CPU.</para>
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<para>Implies <literal>CPUAccounting=true</literal>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>MemoryAccounting=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Turn on process and kernel memory accounting for this
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unit. Takes a boolean argument. Note that turning on memory
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accounting for one unit might also implicitly turn it on for
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all its parent slices. The system default for this setting
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maybe controlled with
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<varname>DefaultMemoryAccounting=</varname> in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>MemoryLimit=<replaceable>bytes</replaceable></varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Specify the limit on maximum memory usage of the
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executed processes. The limit specifies how much process and
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kernel memory can be used by tasks in this unit. Takes a
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memory size in bytes. If the value is suffixed with K, M, G
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or T, the specified memory size is parsed as Kilobytes,
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Megabytes, Gigabytes, or Terabytes (with the base 1024),
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respectively. This controls the
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<literal>memory.limit_in_bytes</literal> control group
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attribute. For details about this control group attribute,
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see <ulink
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url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/memory.txt">memory.txt</ulink>.</para>
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<para>Implies <literal>MemoryAccounting=true</literal>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>BlockIOAccounting=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Turn on Block IO accounting for this unit. Takes a
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boolean argument. Note that turning on block IO accounting
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for one unit might also implicitly turn it on for all units
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contained in the same slice and all for its parent slices
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and the units contained therein. The system default for this
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setting maybe controlled with
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<varname>DefaultBlockIOAccounting=</varname> in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>BlockIOWeight=<replaceable>weight</replaceable></varname></term>
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<term><varname>StartupBlockIOWeight=<replaceable>weight</replaceable></varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Set the default overall block IO weight for
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the executed processes. Takes a single weight value (between
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10 and 1000) to set the default block IO weight. This controls
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the <literal>blkio.weight</literal> control group attribute,
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which defaults to 1000. For details about this control group
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attribute, see <ulink
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url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/blkio-controller.txt">blkio-controller.txt</ulink>.
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The available IO bandwidth is split up among all units within
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one slice relative to their block IO weight.</para>
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<para>While <varname>StartupBlockIOWeight=</varname> only
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applies to the startup phase of the system,
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<varname>BlockIOWeight=</varname> applies to the later runtime
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of the system, and if the former is not set also to the
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startup phase. This allows prioritizing specific services at
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boot-up differently than during runtime.</para>
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<para>Implies
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<literal>BlockIOAccounting=true</literal>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>BlockIODeviceWeight=<replaceable>device</replaceable> <replaceable>weight</replaceable></varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Set the per-device overall block IO weight for the
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executed processes. Takes a space-separated pair of a file
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path and a weight value to specify the device specific
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weight value, between 10 and 1000. (Example: "/dev/sda
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500"). The file path may be specified as path to a block
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device node or as any other file, in which case the backing
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block device of the file system of the file is
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determined. This controls the
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<literal>blkio.weight_device</literal> control group
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attribute, which defaults to 1000. Use this option multiple
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times to set weights for multiple devices. For details about
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this control group attribute, see <ulink
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url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/blkio-controller.txt">blkio-controller.txt</ulink>.</para>
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<para>Implies
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<literal>BlockIOAccounting=true</literal>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>BlockIOReadBandwidth=<replaceable>device</replaceable> <replaceable>bytes</replaceable></varname></term>
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<term><varname>BlockIOWriteBandwidth=<replaceable>device</replaceable> <replaceable>bytes</replaceable></varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Set the per-device overall block IO bandwidth limit
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for the executed processes. Takes a space-separated pair of
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a file path and a bandwidth value (in bytes per second) to
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specify the device specific bandwidth. The file path may be
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a path to a block device node, or as any other file in which
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case the backing block device of the file system of the file
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is used. If the bandwidth is suffixed with K, M, G, or T,
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the specified bandwidth is parsed as Kilobytes, Megabytes,
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Gigabytes, or Terabytes, respectively, to the base of
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1000. (Example:
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"/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.2-scsi-0:0:0:0 5M"). This
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controls the <literal>blkio.read_bps_device</literal> and
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<literal>blkio.write_bps_device</literal> control group
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attributes. Use this option multiple times to set bandwidth
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limits for multiple devices. For details about these control
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group attributes, see <ulink
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url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/blkio-controller.txt">blkio-controller.txt</ulink>.
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</para>
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<para>Implies
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<literal>BlockIOAccounting=true</literal>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>DeviceAllow=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Control access to specific device nodes by the
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executed processes. Takes two space-separated strings: a
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device node specifier followed by a combination of
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<constant>r</constant>, <constant>w</constant>,
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<constant>m</constant> to control
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<emphasis>r</emphasis>eading, <emphasis>w</emphasis>riting,
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or creation of the specific device node(s) by the unit
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(<emphasis>m</emphasis>knod), respectively. This controls
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the <literal>devices.allow</literal> and
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<literal>devices.deny</literal> control group
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attributes. For details about these control group
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attributes, see <ulink
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url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/devices.txt">devices.txt</ulink>.</para>
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<para>The device node specifier is either a path to a device
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node in the file system, starting with
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<filename>/dev/</filename>, or a string starting with either
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<literal>char-</literal> or <literal>block-</literal>
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followed by a device group name, as listed in
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<filename>/proc/devices</filename>. The latter is useful to
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whitelist all current and future devices belonging to a
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specific device group at once. The device group is matched
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according to file name globbing rules, you may hence use the
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<literal>*</literal> and <literal>?</literal>
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wildcards. Examples: <filename>/dev/sda5</filename> is a
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path to a device node, referring to an ATA or SCSI block
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device. <literal>char-pts</literal> and
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<literal>char-alsa</literal> are specifiers for all pseudo
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TTYs and all ALSA sound devices,
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respectively. <literal>char-cpu/*</literal> is a specifier
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matching all CPU related device groups.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>DevicePolicy=auto|closed|strict</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Control the policy for allowing device access:
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</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>strict</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>means to only allow types of access that are
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explicitly specified.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>closed</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>in addition, allows access to standard pseudo
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devices including
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<filename>/dev/null</filename>,
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<filename>/dev/zero</filename>,
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<filename>/dev/full</filename>,
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<filename>/dev/random</filename>, and
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<filename>/dev/urandom</filename>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>auto</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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in addition, allows access to all devices if no
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explicit <varname>DeviceAllow=</varname> is present.
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This is the default.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Slice=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The name of the slice unit to place the unit
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in. Defaults to <filename>system.slice</filename> for all
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non-instantiated units of all unit types (except for slice
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units themselves see below). Instance units are by default
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placed in a subslice of <filename>system.slice</filename>
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that is named after the template name.</para>
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<para>This option may be used to arrange systemd units in a
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hierarchy of slices each of which might have resource
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settings applied.</para>
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<para>For units of type slice, the only accepted value for
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this setting is the parent slice. Since the name of a slice
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unit implies the parent slice, it is hence redundant to ever
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set this parameter directly for slice units.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Delegate=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Turns on delegation of further resource control
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partitioning to processes of the unit. For unprivileged
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services (i.e. those using the <varname>User=</varname>
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setting) this allows processes to create a subhierarchy
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beneath its control group path. For privileged services and
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scopes this ensures the processes will have all control
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group controllers enabled.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
|
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|
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<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.slice</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.scope</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.swap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.directives</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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The documentation for control groups and specific controllers in the Linux kernel:
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<ulink url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/cgroups.txt">cgroups.txt</ulink>,
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<ulink url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/cpuacct.txt">cpuacct.txt</ulink>,
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<ulink url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/memory.txt">memory.txt</ulink>,
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<ulink url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/blkio-controller.txt">blkio-controller.txt</ulink>.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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