mirror of
https://github.com/systemd/systemd.git
synced 2024-11-08 11:27:32 +03:00
535 lines
23 KiB
XML
535 lines
23 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0"?>
|
|
<!--*-nxml-*-->
|
|
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
|
|
<!--
|
|
This file is part of systemd.
|
|
|
|
Copyright 2010 Brandon Philips
|
|
|
|
systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
|
|
under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
|
|
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
|
|
(at your option) any later version.
|
|
|
|
systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
|
|
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
|
|
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
|
|
Lesser General Public License for more details.
|
|
|
|
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
|
|
along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
|
|
-->
|
|
<refentry id="tmpfiles.d">
|
|
|
|
<refentryinfo>
|
|
<title>tmpfiles.d</title>
|
|
<productname>systemd</productname>
|
|
|
|
<authorgroup>
|
|
<author>
|
|
<contrib>Documentation</contrib>
|
|
<firstname>Brandon</firstname>
|
|
<surname>Philips</surname>
|
|
<email>brandon@ifup.org</email>
|
|
</author>
|
|
</authorgroup>
|
|
</refentryinfo>
|
|
|
|
<refmeta>
|
|
<refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle>
|
|
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
|
|
</refmeta>
|
|
|
|
<refnamediv>
|
|
<refname>tmpfiles.d</refname>
|
|
<refpurpose>Configuration for creation, deletion and cleaning of
|
|
volatile and temporary files</refpurpose>
|
|
</refnamediv>
|
|
|
|
<refsynopsisdiv>
|
|
<para><filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename></para>
|
|
<para><filename>/run/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename></para>
|
|
<para><filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename></para>
|
|
</refsynopsisdiv>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Description</title>
|
|
|
|
<para><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> uses the configuration
|
|
files from the above directories to describe the creation,
|
|
cleaning and removal of volatile and temporary files and
|
|
directories which usually reside in directories such as
|
|
<filename>/run</filename> or <filename>/tmp</filename>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Volatile and temporary files and directories are those
|
|
located in <filename>/run</filename> (and its alias
|
|
<filename>/var/run</filename>), <filename>/tmp</filename>,
|
|
<filename>/var/tmp</filename>, the API file systems such as
|
|
<filename>/sys</filename> or <filename>/proc</filename>, as well
|
|
as some other directories below <filename>/var</filename>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>System daemons frequently require private runtime
|
|
directories below <filename>/run</filename> to place communication
|
|
sockets and similar in. For these, consider declaring them in
|
|
their unit files using <varname>RuntimeDirectory=</varname> (see
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for details), if this is feasible.</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Configuration Format</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>Each configuration file shall be named in the style of
|
|
<filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>.conf</filename> or
|
|
<filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>-<replaceable>part</replaceable>.conf</filename>.
|
|
The second variant should be used when it is desirable to make it
|
|
easy to override just this part of configuration.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Files in <filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d</filename> override files
|
|
with the same name in <filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename> and
|
|
<filename>/run/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Files in
|
|
<filename>/run/tmpfiles.d</filename> override files with the same
|
|
name in <filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Packages should
|
|
install their configuration files in
|
|
<filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Files in
|
|
<filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d</filename> are reserved for the local
|
|
administrator, who may use this logic to override the
|
|
configuration files installed by vendor packages. All
|
|
configuration files are sorted by their filename in lexicographic
|
|
order, regardless of which of the directories they reside in. If
|
|
multiple files specify the same path, the entry in the file with
|
|
the lexicographically earliest name will be applied. All other
|
|
conflicting entries will be logged as errors. When two lines are
|
|
prefix and suffix of each other, then the prefix is always
|
|
processed first, the suffix later. Otherwise, the
|
|
files/directories are processed in the order they are
|
|
listed.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If the administrator wants to disable a configuration file
|
|
supplied by the vendor, the recommended way is to place a symlink
|
|
to <filename>/dev/null</filename> in
|
|
<filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d/</filename> bearing the same filename.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The configuration format is one line per path containing
|
|
type, path, mode, ownership, age, and argument fields:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>#Type Path Mode UID GID Age Argument
|
|
d /run/user 0755 root root 10d -
|
|
L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/null</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<refsect2>
|
|
<title>Type</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The type consists of a single letter and optionally an
|
|
exclamation mark.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The following line types are understood:</para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>f</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Create a file if it does not exist yet. If
|
|
the argument parameter is given, it will be written to the
|
|
file.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>F</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Create or truncate a file. If the argument
|
|
parameter is given, it will be written to the file.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>w</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Write the argument parameter to a file, if
|
|
the file exists. Lines of this type accept shell-style
|
|
globs in place of normal path names. The argument parameter
|
|
will be written without a trailing newline. C-style
|
|
backslash escapes are interpreted.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>d</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Create a directory if it does not exist yet.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>D</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Create or empty a directory.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>v</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Create a subvolume if the path does not
|
|
exist yet and the file system supports this
|
|
(btrfs). Otherwise create a normal directory, in the same
|
|
way as <varname>d</varname>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>p</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>p+</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Create a named pipe (FIFO) if it does not
|
|
exist yet. If suffixed with <varname>+</varname> and a file
|
|
already exists where the pipe is to be created, it will be
|
|
removed and be replaced by the pipe.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>L</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>L+</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Create a symlink if it does not exist
|
|
yet. If suffixed with <varname>+</varname> and a file
|
|
already exists where the symlink is to be created, it will
|
|
be removed and be replaced by the symlink. If the argument
|
|
is omitted, symlinks to files with the same name residing in
|
|
the directory <filename>/usr/share/factory/</filename> are
|
|
created.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>c</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>c+</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Create a character device node if it does
|
|
not exist yet. If suffixed with <varname>+</varname> and a
|
|
file already exists where the device node is to be created,
|
|
it will be removed and be replaced by the device node. It is
|
|
recommended to suffix this entry with an exclamation mark to
|
|
only create static device nodes at boot, as udev will not
|
|
manage static device nodes that are created at runtime.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>b</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>b+</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Create a block device node if it does not
|
|
exist yet. If suffixed with <varname>+</varname> and a file
|
|
already exists where the device node is to be created, it
|
|
will be removed and be replaced by the device node. It is
|
|
recommended to suffix this entry with an exclamation mark to
|
|
only create static device nodes at boot, as udev will not
|
|
manage static device nodes that are created at runtime.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>C</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Recursively copy a file or directory, if the
|
|
destination files or directories do not exist yet. Note that
|
|
this command will not descend into subdirectories if the
|
|
destination directory already exists. Instead, the entire
|
|
copy operation is skipped. If the argument is omitted, files
|
|
from the source directory
|
|
<filename>/usr/share/factory/</filename> with the same name
|
|
are copied.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>x</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Ignore a path during cleaning. Use this type
|
|
to exclude paths from clean-up as controlled with the Age
|
|
parameter. Note that lines of this type do not influence the
|
|
effect of <varname>r</varname> or <varname>R</varname>
|
|
lines. Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place
|
|
of normal path names. </para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>X</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Ignore a path during cleaning. Use this type
|
|
to exclude paths from clean-up as controlled with the Age
|
|
parameter. Unlike <varname>x</varname>, this parameter will
|
|
not exclude the content if path is a directory, but only
|
|
directory itself. Note that lines of this type do not
|
|
influence the effect of <varname>r</varname> or
|
|
<varname>R</varname> lines. Lines of this type accept
|
|
shell-style globs in place of normal path names.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>r</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Remove a file or directory if it exists.
|
|
This may not be used to remove non-empty directories, use
|
|
<varname>R</varname> for that. Lines of this type accept
|
|
shell-style globs in place of normal path
|
|
names.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>R</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Recursively remove a path and all its
|
|
subdirectories (if it is a directory). Lines of this type
|
|
accept shell-style globs in place of normal path
|
|
names.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>z</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Adjust the access mode, group and user, and
|
|
restore the SELinux security context of a file or directory,
|
|
if it exists. Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in
|
|
place of normal path names.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>Z</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Recursively set the access mode, group and
|
|
user, and restore the SELinux security context of a file or
|
|
directory if it exists, as well as of its subdirectories and
|
|
the files contained therein (if applicable). Lines of this
|
|
type accept shell-style globs in place of normal path names.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>t</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Set extended attributes. Lines of this type
|
|
accept shell-style globs in place of normal path names.
|
|
This can be useful for setting SMACK labels.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>T</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Recursively set extended attributes. Lines
|
|
of this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal
|
|
path names. This can be useful for setting SMACK labels.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>a</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>a+</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Set POSIX ACLs (access control lists). If
|
|
suffixed with <varname>+</varname>, specified entries will
|
|
be added to the existing set.
|
|
<command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> will automatically add
|
|
the required base entries for user and group based on the
|
|
access mode of the file, unless base entries already exist
|
|
or are explictly specified. The mask will be added if not
|
|
specified explicitly or already present. Lines of this type
|
|
accept shell-style globs in place of normal path names. This
|
|
can be useful for allowing additional access to certain
|
|
files.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>A</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>A+</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Same as <varname>a</varname> and
|
|
<varname>a+</varname>, but recursive.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<para>If the exclamation mark is used, this line is only safe of
|
|
execute during boot, and can break a running system. Lines
|
|
without the exclamation mark are presumed to be safe to execute
|
|
at any time, e.g. on package upgrades.
|
|
<command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> will execute line with an
|
|
exclamation mark only if option <option>--boot</option> is
|
|
given.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>For example:
|
|
<programlisting># Make sure these are created by default so that nobody else can
|
|
d /tmp/.X11-unix 1777 root root 10d
|
|
|
|
# Unlink the X11 lock files
|
|
r! /tmp/.X[0-9]*-lock</programlisting>
|
|
The second line in contrast to the first one would break a
|
|
running system, and will only be executed with
|
|
<option>--boot</option>.</para>
|
|
</refsect2>
|
|
|
|
<refsect2>
|
|
<title>Path</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The file system path specification supports simple
|
|
specifier expansion. The following expansions are
|
|
understood:</para>
|
|
|
|
<table>
|
|
<title>Specifiers available</title>
|
|
<tgroup cols='3' align='left' colsep='1' rowsep='1'>
|
|
<colspec colname="spec" />
|
|
<colspec colname="mean" />
|
|
<colspec colname="detail" />
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Specifier</entry>
|
|
<entry>Meaning</entry>
|
|
<entry>Details</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry><literal>%m</literal></entry>
|
|
<entry>Machine ID</entry>
|
|
<entry>The machine ID of the running system, formatted as string. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information.</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry><literal>%b</literal></entry>
|
|
<entry>Boot ID</entry>
|
|
<entry>The boot ID of the running system, formatted as string. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>random</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information.</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry><literal>%H</literal></entry>
|
|
<entry>Host name</entry>
|
|
<entry>The hostname of the running system.</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry><literal>%v</literal></entry>
|
|
<entry>Kernel release</entry>
|
|
<entry>Identical to <command>uname -r</command> output.</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry><literal>%%</literal></entry>
|
|
<entry>Escaped %</entry>
|
|
<entry>Single percent sign.</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</tgroup>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</refsect2>
|
|
|
|
<refsect2>
|
|
<title>Mode</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The file access mode to use when creating this file or
|
|
directory. If omitted or when set to <literal>-</literal>, the
|
|
default is used: 0755 for directories, 0644 for all other file
|
|
objects. For <varname>z</varname>, <varname>Z</varname> lines,
|
|
if omitted or when set to <literal>-</literal>, the file access
|
|
mode will not be modified. This parameter is ignored for
|
|
<varname>x</varname>, <varname>r</varname>,
|
|
<varname>R</varname>, <varname>L</varname>, <varname>t</varname>,
|
|
and <varname>a</varname> lines.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Optionally, if prefixed with <literal>~</literal>, the
|
|
access mode is masked based on the already set access bits for
|
|
existing file or directories: if the existing file has all
|
|
executable bits unset, all executable bits are removed from the
|
|
new access mode, too. Similarly, if all read bits are removed
|
|
from the old access mode, they will be removed from the new
|
|
access mode too, and if all write bits are removed, they will be
|
|
removed from the new access mode too. In addition, the
|
|
sticky/SUID/SGID bit is removed unless applied to a
|
|
directory. This functionality is particularly useful in
|
|
conjunction with <varname>Z</varname>.</para>
|
|
</refsect2>
|
|
|
|
<refsect2>
|
|
<title>UID, GID</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The user and group to use for this file or directory. This
|
|
may either be a numeric user/group ID or a user or group
|
|
name. If omitted or when set to <literal>-</literal>, the
|
|
default 0 (root) is used. For <varname>z</varname>,
|
|
<varname>Z</varname> lines, when omitted or when set to
|
|
<literal>-</literal>, the file ownership will not be
|
|
modified. These parameters are ignored for <varname>x</varname>,
|
|
<varname>r</varname>, <varname>R</varname>,
|
|
<varname>L</varname>, <varname>t</varname>, and
|
|
<varname>a</varname> lines.</para>
|
|
</refsect2>
|
|
|
|
<refsect2>
|
|
<title>Age</title>
|
|
<para>The date field, when set, is used to decide what files to
|
|
delete when cleaning. If a file or directory is older than the
|
|
current time minus the age field, it is deleted. The field
|
|
format is a series of integers each followed by one of the
|
|
following postfixes for the respective time units:
|
|
<constant>s</constant>,
|
|
<constant>m</constant> or <constant>min</constant>,
|
|
<constant>h</constant>,
|
|
<constant>d</constant>,
|
|
<constant>w</constant>,
|
|
<constant>ms</constant>,
|
|
<constant>us</constant>,
|
|
respectively meaning seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks,
|
|
milliseconds, and microseconds. Full names of the time units can
|
|
be used too.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If multiple integers and units are specified, the time
|
|
values are summed. If an integer is given without a unit,
|
|
<constant>s</constant> is assumed.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>When the age is set to zero, the files are cleaned
|
|
unconditionally.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The age field only applies to lines
|
|
starting with <varname>d</varname>,
|
|
<varname>D</varname>, and
|
|
<varname>x</varname>. If omitted or set to
|
|
<literal>-</literal>, no automatic clean-up is
|
|
done.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If the age field starts with a tilde character
|
|
<literal>~</literal>, the clean-up is only applied to files and
|
|
directories one level inside the directory specified, but not
|
|
the files and directories immediately inside it.</para>
|
|
</refsect2>
|
|
|
|
<refsect2>
|
|
<title>Argument</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>For <varname>L</varname> lines determines the destination
|
|
path of the symlink. For <varname>c</varname>,
|
|
<varname>b</varname> determines the major/minor of the device
|
|
node, with major and minor formatted as integers, separated by
|
|
<literal>:</literal>, e.g. <literal>1:3</literal>. For
|
|
<varname>f</varname>, <varname>F</varname>, and
|
|
<varname>w</varname> may be used to specify a short string that
|
|
is written to the file, suffixed by a newline. For
|
|
<varname>C</varname>, specifies the source file or
|
|
directory. For <varname>t</varname> determines extended
|
|
attributes to be set. For <varname>a</varname> determines
|
|
ACL attributes to be set. Ignored for all other lines.</para>
|
|
</refsect2>
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Example</title>
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>/etc/tmpfiles.d/screen.conf example</title>
|
|
<para><command>screen</command> needs two directories created at
|
|
boot with specific modes and ownership.</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>d /run/screens 1777 root root 10d
|
|
d /run/uscreens 0755 root root 10d12h
|
|
t /run/screen - - - - user.name="John Smith" security.SMACK64=screen</programlisting>
|
|
</example>
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>/etc/tmpfiles.d/abrt.conf example</title>
|
|
<para><command>abrt</command> needs a directory created at boot with specific mode and ownership and its content should be preserved.</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>d /var/tmp/abrt 0755 abrt abrt
|
|
x /var/tmp/abrt/*</programlisting>
|
|
</example>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-tmpfiles</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-delta</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>attr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>getfattr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>setfattr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>setfacl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>getfacl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|