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c4708f1323
Various operations done by systemd-tmpfiles may only be safely done at
boot (e.g. removal of X lockfiles in /tmp, creation of /run/nologin).
Other operations may be done at any point in time (e.g. setting the
ownership on /{run,var}/log/journal). This distinction is largely
orthogonal to the type of operation.
A new switch --unsafe is added, and operations which should only be
executed during bootup are marked with an exclamation mark in the
configuration files. systemd-tmpfiles.service is modified to use this
switch, and guards are added so it is hard to re-start it by mistake.
If we install a new version of systemd, we actually want to enforce
some changes to tmpfiles configuration immediately. This should now be
possible to do safely, so distribution packages can be modified to
execute the "safe" subset at package installation time.
/run/nologin creation is split out into a separate service, to make it
easy to override.
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1043212
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1045849
469 lines
25 KiB
XML
469 lines
25 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0"?>
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<!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2010 Brandon Philips
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systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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Lesser General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
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along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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-->
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<refentry id="tmpfiles.d">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>tmpfiles.d</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Documentation</contrib>
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<firstname>Brandon</firstname>
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<surname>Philips</surname>
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<email>brandon@ifup.org</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>tmpfiles.d</refname>
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<refpurpose>Configuration for creation, deletion and
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cleaning of volatile and temporary files</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<para><filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename></para>
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<para><filename>/run/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename></para>
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<para><filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename></para>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> uses the
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configuration files from the above directories to describe the
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creation, cleaning and removal of volatile and
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temporary files and directories which usually reside
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in directories such as <filename>/run</filename>
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or <filename>/tmp</filename>.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Configuration Format</title>
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<para>Each configuration file shall be named in the
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style of
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<filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>.conf</filename>
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or
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<filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>-<replaceable>part</replaceable>.conf</filename>.
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The second variant should be used when it is desirable
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to make it easy to override just this part of
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configuration.</para>
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<para>Files in <filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d</filename>
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override files with the same name in
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<filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename> and
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<filename>/run/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Files in
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<filename>/run/tmpfiles.d</filename> override files
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with the same name in
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<filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Packages
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should install their configuration files in
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<filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Files in
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<filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d</filename> are reserved for
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the local administrator, who may use this logic to
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override the configuration files installed by vendor
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packages. All configuration files are sorted by their
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filename in lexicographic order, regardless in which
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of the directories they reside. If multiple files
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specify the same path, the entry in the file with the
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lexicographically earliest name will be applied, all
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all other conflicting entries logged as errors.</para>
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<para>If the administrator wants to disable a
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configuration file supplied by the vendor, the
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recommended way is to place a symlink to
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<filename>/dev/null</filename> in
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<filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d/</filename> bearing the
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same filename.</para>
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<para>The configuration format is one line per path
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containing type, path, mode, ownership, age, and argument
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fields:</para>
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<programlisting>#Type Path Mode UID GID Age Argument
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d /run/user 0755 root root 10d -
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L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/null</programlisting>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Type</title>
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<para>The type consists of a single letter and
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optionally an exclamation mark.</para>
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<para>The following line types are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>f</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a file if it does not exist yet. If the argument parameter is given, it will be written to the file.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>F</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create or truncate a file. If the argument parameter is given, it will be written to the file.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>w</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Write the argument parameter to a file, if the file exists.
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Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal path
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names. The argument parameter will be written without a trailing
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newline. C-style backslash escapes are interpreted.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>d</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a directory if it does not exist yet.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>D</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create or empty a directory.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>p</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a named pipe (FIFO) if it does not exist yet.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>L</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a symlink if it does not exist yet.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>c</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a character device node if it does not exist yet.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>b</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a block device node if it does not exist yet.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>m</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>If the
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specified file path exists,
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adjust its access mode, group
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and user to the specified
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values and reset the SELinux
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label. If it does not exist, do
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nothing.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>x</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Ignore a path
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during cleaning. Use this type
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to exclude paths from clean-up
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as controlled with the Age
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parameter. Note that lines of
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this type do not influence the
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effect of <varname>r</varname>
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or <varname>R</varname> lines.
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Lines of this type accept
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shell-style globs in place of
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normal path names.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>X</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Ignore a path
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during cleaning. Use this type
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to exclude paths from clean-up
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as controlled with the Age
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parameter. Unlike
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<varname>x</varname>, this
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parameter will not exclude the
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content if path is a
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directory, but only directory
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itself. Note that lines of
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this type do not influence the
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effect of <varname>r</varname>
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or <varname>R</varname> lines.
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Lines of this type accept
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shell-style globs in place of
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normal path names.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>r</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Remove a file
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or directory if it exists.
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This may not be used to remove
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non-empty directories, use
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<varname>R</varname> for that.
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Lines of this type accept
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shell-style globs in place of
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normal path
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names.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>R</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Recursively
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remove a path and all its
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subdirectories (if it is a
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directory). Lines of this type
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accept shell-style globs in
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place of normal path
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names.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>z</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Restore
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SELinux security context label
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and set ownership and access
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mode of a file or directory if
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it exists. Lines of this type
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accept shell-style globs in
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place of normal path names.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Z</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Recursively
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restore SELinux security
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context label and set
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ownership and access mode of a
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path and all its
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subdirectories (if it is a
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directory). Lines of this type
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accept shell-style globs in
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place of normal path
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names.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>If the exclamation mark is used, this
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line is only safe of execute during boot, and
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can break a running system. Lines without the
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exclamation mark are presumed to be safe to
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execute at any time, e.g. on package upgrades.
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<command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> will
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execute line with an exclamation mark only if
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option <option>--unsafe</option> is given.
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</para>
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<para>For example:
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<programlisting>
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# Make sure these are created by default so that nobody else can
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d /tmp/.X11-unix 1777 root root 10d
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# Unlink the X11 lock files
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r! /tmp/.X[0-9]*-lock
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</programlisting>
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The second line in contrast to the first one
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would break a running system, and will only be
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executed with <option>--unsafe</option>.</para>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Path</title>
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<para>The file system path specification supports simple specifier
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expansion. The following expansions are
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understood:</para>
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<table>
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<title>Specifiers available</title>
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<tgroup cols='3' align='left' colsep='1' rowsep='1'>
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<colspec colname="spec" />
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<colspec colname="mean" />
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<colspec colname="detail" />
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<thead>
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<row>
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<entry>Specifier</entry>
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<entry>Meaning</entry>
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<entry>Details</entry>
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</row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>%m</literal></entry>
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<entry>Machine ID</entry>
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<entry>The machine ID of the running system, formatted as string. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information.</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>%b</literal></entry>
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<entry>Boot ID</entry>
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<entry>The boot ID of the running system, formatted as string. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>random</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information.</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>%H</literal></entry>
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<entry>Host name</entry>
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<entry>The hostname of the running system.</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>%v</literal></entry>
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<entry>Kernel release</entry>
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<entry>Identical to <command>uname -r</command> output.</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>%%</literal></entry>
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<entry>Escaped %</entry>
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<entry>Single percent sign.</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</table>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Mode</title>
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<para>The file access mode to use when
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creating this file or directory. If omitted or
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when set to -, the default is used: 0755 for
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directories, 0644 for all other file objects.
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For <varname>z</varname>, <varname>Z</varname>
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lines, if omitted or when set to
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<literal>-</literal>, the file access mode
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will not be modified. This parameter is
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ignored for <varname>x</varname>,
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<varname>r</varname>, <varname>R</varname>,
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<varname>L</varname> lines.</para>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>UID, GID</title>
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<para>The user and group to use for this file
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or directory. This may either be a numeric
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user/group ID or a user or group name. If
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omitted or when set to <literal>-</literal>,
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the default 0 (root) is used. For
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<varname>z</varname>, <varname>Z</varname>
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lines, when omitted or when set to -, the file
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ownership will not be modified. These
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parameters are ignored for
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<varname>x</varname>, <varname>r</varname>,
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<varname>R</varname>, <varname>L</varname>
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lines.</para>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Age</title>
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<para>The date field, when set, is used to
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decide what files to delete when cleaning. If
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a file or directory is older than the current
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time minus the age field, it is deleted. The
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field format is a series of integers each
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followed by one of the following
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postfixes for the respective time units:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>s</varname></term>
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<term><varname>min</varname></term>
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<term><varname>h</varname></term>
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<term><varname>d</varname></term>
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<term><varname>w</varname></term>
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<term><varname>ms</varname></term>
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<term><varname>m</varname></term>
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<term><varname>us</varname></term></varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>If multiple integers and units are specified, the time
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values are summed up. If an integer is given without a unit,
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s is assumed.
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</para>
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<para>When the age is set to zero, the files are cleaned
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unconditionally.</para>
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<para>The age field only applies to lines
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starting with <varname>d</varname>,
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<varname>D</varname>, and
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<varname>x</varname>. If omitted or set to
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<literal>-</literal>, no automatic clean-up is
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done.</para>
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<para>If the age field starts with a tilde
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character <literal>~</literal>, the clean-up
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is only applied to files and directories one
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level inside the directory specified, but not
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the files and directories immediately inside
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it.</para>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Argument</title>
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<para>For <varname>L</varname> lines
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determines the destination path of the
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symlink. For <varname>c</varname>,
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<varname>b</varname> determines the
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major/minor of the device node, with major and
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minor formatted as integers, separated by
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<literal>:</literal>, e.g.
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<literal>1:3</literal>. For
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<varname>f</varname>, <varname>F</varname>,
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and <varname>w</varname> may be used to
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specify a short string that is written to the
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file, suffixed by a newline. Ignored for all
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other lines.</para>
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</refsect2>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
|
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<title>Example</title>
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<example>
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<title>/etc/tmpfiles.d/screen.conf example</title>
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<para><command>screen</command> needs two directories created at boot with specific modes and ownership.</para>
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<programlisting>d /var/run/screens 1777 root root 10d
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d /var/run/uscreens 0755 root root 10d12h</programlisting>
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</example>
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<example>
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<title>/etc/tmpfiles.d/abrt.conf example</title>
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<para><command>abrt</command> needs a directory created at boot with specific mode and ownership and its content should be preserved.</para>
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<programlisting>d /var/tmp/abrt 0755 abrt abrt
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x /var/tmp/abrt/*</programlisting>
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</example>
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</refsect1>
|
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|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
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|
<para>
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-tmpfiles</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-delta</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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