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1006 lines
59 KiB
XML
1006 lines
59 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
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<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?>
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
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systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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Lesser General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
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along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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-->
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<refentry id="systemd.exec">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>systemd.exec</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
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<surname>Poettering</surname>
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<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>systemd.exec</refname>
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<refpurpose>Execution environment configuration</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<para><filename><replaceable>service</replaceable>.service</filename>,
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<filename><replaceable>socket</replaceable>.socket</filename>,
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<filename><replaceable>mount</replaceable>.mount</filename>,
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<filename><replaceable>swap</replaceable>.swap</filename></para>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para>Unit configuration files for services, sockets,
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mount points and swap devices share a subset of
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configuration options which define the execution
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environment of spawned processes.</para>
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<para>This man page lists the configuration options
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shared by these four unit types. See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for the common options of all unit configuration
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files, and
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.swap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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and
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for more information on the specific unit
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configuration files. The execution specific
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configuration options are configured in the [Service],
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[Socket], [Mount], or [Swap] sections, depending on the unit
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type.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<variablelist class='unit-directives'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>WorkingDirectory=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes an absolute
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directory path. Sets the working
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directory for executed processes. If
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not set defaults to the root directory
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when systemd is running as a system
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instance and the respective user's
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home directory if run as
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user.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>RootDirectory=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes an absolute
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directory path. Sets the root
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directory for executed processes, with
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the
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chroot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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system call. If this is used it must
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be ensured that the process and all
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its auxiliary files are available in
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the <function>chroot()</function>
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jail.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>User=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>Group=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Sets the Unix user
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or group that the processes are executed
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as, respectively. Takes a single user or group
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name or ID as argument. If no group is
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set, the default group of the user is
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chosen.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>SupplementaryGroups=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Sets the supplementary
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Unix groups the processes are executed
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as. This takes a space-separated list
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of group names or IDs. This option may
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be specified more than once in which
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case all listed groups are set as
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supplementary groups. When the empty
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string is assigned the list of
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supplementary groups is reset, and all
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assignments prior to this one will
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have no effect. In any way, this
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option does not override, but extends
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the list of supplementary groups
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configured in the system group
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database for the
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user.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Nice=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Sets the default nice
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level (scheduling priority) for
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executed processes. Takes an integer
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between -20 (highest priority) and 19
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(lowest priority). See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>OOMScoreAdjust=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Sets the adjustment
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level for the Out-Of-Memory killer for
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executed processes. Takes an integer
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between -1000 (to disable OOM killing
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for this process) and 1000 (to make
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killing of this process under memory
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pressure very likely). See <ulink
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url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt">proc.txt</ulink>
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for details.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>IOSchedulingClass=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Sets the IO scheduling
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class for executed processes. Takes an
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integer between 0 and 3 or one of the
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strings <option>none</option>,
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<option>realtime</option>,
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<option>best-effort</option> or
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<option>idle</option>. See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ioprio_set</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>IOSchedulingPriority=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Sets the IO scheduling
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priority for executed processes. Takes
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an integer between 0 (highest
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priority) and 7 (lowest priority). The
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available priorities depend on the
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selected IO scheduling class (see
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above). See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ioprio_set</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>CPUSchedulingPolicy=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Sets the CPU
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scheduling policy for executed
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processes. Takes one of
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<option>other</option>,
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<option>batch</option>,
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<option>idle</option>,
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<option>fifo</option> or
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<option>rr</option>. See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sched_setscheduler</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>CPUSchedulingPriority=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Sets the CPU
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scheduling priority for executed
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processes. The available priority
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range depends on the selected CPU
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scheduling policy (see above). For
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real-time scheduling policies an
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integer between 1 (lowest priority)
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and 99 (highest priority) can be used.
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See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sched_setscheduler</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>CPUSchedulingResetOnFork=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes a boolean
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argument. If true elevated CPU
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scheduling priorities and policies
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will be reset when the executed
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processes fork, and can hence not leak
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into child processes. See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sched_setscheduler</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details. Defaults to false.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>CPUAffinity=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Controls the CPU
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affinity of the executed
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processes. Takes a space-separated
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list of CPU indexes. This option may
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be specified more than once in which
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case the specificed CPU affinity masks
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are merged. If the empty string is
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assigned the mask is reset, all
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assignments prior to this will have no
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effect. See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sched_setaffinity</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>UMask=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Controls the file mode
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creation mask. Takes an access mode in
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octal notation. See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>umask</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details. Defaults to
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0022.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Environment=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Sets environment
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variables for executed
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processes. Takes a space-separated
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list of variable assignments. This
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option may be specified more than once
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in which case all listed variables
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will be set. If the same variable is
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set twice the later setting will
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override the earlier setting. If the
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empty string is assigned to this
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option the list of environment
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variables is reset, all prior
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assignments have no effect.
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Variable expansion is not performed
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inside the strings, however, specifier
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expansion is possible. $ character has
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no special meaning.
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If you need to assign a value containing spaces
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to a variable, use double quotes (")
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for the assignment.</para>
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<para>Example:
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<programlisting>Environment="VAR1=word1 word2" VAR2=word3 "VAR3=word 5 6"</programlisting>
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gives three variables <literal>VAR1</literal>,
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<literal>VAR2</literal>, <literal>VAR3</literal>.
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</para>
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<para>
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See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>environ</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details about environment variables.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>EnvironmentFile=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Similar to
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<varname>Environment=</varname> but
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reads the environment variables from a
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text file. The text file should
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contain new-line-separated variable
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assignments. Empty lines and lines
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starting with ; or # will be ignored,
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which may be used for commenting. A line
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ending with a backslash will be concatenated
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with the following one, allowing multiline variable
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definitions. The parser strips leading
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and trailing whitespace from the values
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of assignments, unless you use
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double quotes (").</para>
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<para>The argument passed should be an
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absolute filename or wildcard
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expression, optionally prefixed with
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<literal>-</literal>, which indicates
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that if the file does not exist it
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won't be read and no error or warning
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message is logged. This option may be
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specified more than once in which case
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all specified files are read. If the
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empty string is assigned to this
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option the list of file to read is
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reset, all prior assignments have no
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effect.</para>
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<para>The files listed with this
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directive will be read shortly before
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the process is executed. Settings from
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these files override settings made
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with
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<varname>Environment=</varname>. If
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the same variable is set twice from
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these files the files will be read in
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the order they are specified and the
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later setting will override the
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earlier setting.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>StandardInput=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Controls where file
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descriptor 0 (STDIN) of the executed
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processes is connected to. Takes one
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of <option>null</option>,
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<option>tty</option>,
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<option>tty-force</option>,
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<option>tty-fail</option> or
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<option>socket</option>. If
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<option>null</option> is selected
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standard input will be connected to
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<filename>/dev/null</filename>,
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i.e. all read attempts by the process
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will result in immediate EOF. If
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<option>tty</option> is selected
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standard input is connected to a TTY
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(as configured by
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<varname>TTYPath=</varname>, see
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below) and the executed process
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becomes the controlling process of the
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terminal. If the terminal is already
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being controlled by another process the
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executed process waits until the current
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controlling process releases the
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terminal.
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<option>tty-force</option>
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is similar to <option>tty</option>,
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but the executed process is forcefully
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and immediately made the controlling
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process of the terminal, potentially
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removing previous controlling
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processes from the
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terminal. <option>tty-fail</option> is
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similar to <option>tty</option> but if
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the terminal already has a controlling
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process start-up of the executed
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process fails. The
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<option>socket</option> option is only
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valid in socket-activated services,
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and only when the socket configuration
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file (see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details) specifies a single socket
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only. If this option is set standard
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input will be connected to the socket
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the service was activated from, which
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is primarily useful for compatibility
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with daemons designed for use with the
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traditional
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>inetd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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daemon. This setting defaults to
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<option>null</option>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>StandardOutput=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Controls where file
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descriptor 1 (STDOUT) of the executed
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processes is connected to. Takes one
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of <option>inherit</option>,
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<option>null</option>,
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<option>tty</option>,
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<option>syslog</option>,
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<option>kmsg</option>,
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<option>journal</option>,
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<option>syslog+console</option>,
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<option>kmsg+console</option>,
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<option>journal+console</option> or
|
|
<option>socket</option>. If set to
|
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<option>inherit</option> the file
|
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descriptor of standard input is
|
|
duplicated for standard output. If set
|
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to <option>null</option> standard
|
|
output will be connected to
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<filename>/dev/null</filename>,
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|
i.e. everything written to it will be
|
|
lost. If set to <option>tty</option>
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standard output will be connected to a
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tty (as configured via
|
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<varname>TTYPath=</varname>, see
|
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below). If the TTY is used for output
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only the executed process will not
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become the controlling process of the
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|
terminal, and will not fail or wait
|
|
for other processes to release the
|
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terminal. <option>syslog</option>
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|
connects standard output to the
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
system syslog
|
|
service. <option>kmsg</option>
|
|
connects it with the kernel log buffer
|
|
which is accessible via
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dmesg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. <option>journal</option>
|
|
connects it with the journal which is
|
|
accessible via
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|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
(Note that everything that is written
|
|
to syslog or kmsg is implicitly stored
|
|
in the journal as well, those options
|
|
are hence supersets of this
|
|
one). <option>syslog+console</option>,
|
|
<option>journal+console</option> and
|
|
<option>kmsg+console</option> work
|
|
similarly but copy the output to the
|
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system console as
|
|
well. <option>socket</option> connects
|
|
standard output to a socket from
|
|
socket activation, semantics are
|
|
similar to the respective option of
|
|
<varname>StandardInput=</varname>.
|
|
This setting defaults to the value set
|
|
with
|
|
<option>DefaultStandardOutput=</option>
|
|
in
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
which defaults to
|
|
<option>journal</option>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>StandardError=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Controls where file
|
|
descriptor 2 (STDERR) of the executed
|
|
processes is connected to. The
|
|
available options are identical to
|
|
those of
|
|
<varname>StandardOutput=</varname>,
|
|
with one exception: if set to
|
|
<option>inherit</option> the file
|
|
descriptor used for standard output is
|
|
duplicated for standard error. This
|
|
setting defaults to the value set with
|
|
<option>DefaultStandardError=</option>
|
|
in
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
which defaults to
|
|
<option>inherit</option>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>TTYPath=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Sets the terminal
|
|
device node to use if standard input,
|
|
output or stderr are connected to a
|
|
TTY (see above). Defaults to
|
|
<filename>/dev/console</filename>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>TTYReset=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Reset the terminal
|
|
device specified with
|
|
<varname>TTYPath=</varname> before and
|
|
after execution. Defaults to
|
|
<literal>no</literal>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>TTYVHangup=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Disconnect all clients
|
|
which have opened the terminal device
|
|
specified with
|
|
<varname>TTYPath=</varname>
|
|
before and after execution. Defaults
|
|
to
|
|
<literal>no</literal>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>TTYVTDisallocate=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>If the terminal
|
|
device specified with
|
|
<varname>TTYPath=</varname> is a
|
|
virtual console terminal try to
|
|
deallocate the TTY before and after
|
|
execution. This ensures that the
|
|
screen and scrollback buffer is
|
|
cleared. Defaults to
|
|
<literal>no</literal>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>SyslogIdentifier=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Sets the process name
|
|
to prefix log lines sent to syslog or
|
|
the kernel log buffer with. If not set
|
|
defaults to the process name of the
|
|
executed process. This option is only
|
|
useful when
|
|
<varname>StandardOutput=</varname> or
|
|
<varname>StandardError=</varname> are
|
|
set to <option>syslog</option> or
|
|
<option>kmsg</option>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>SyslogFacility=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Sets the syslog
|
|
facility to use when logging to
|
|
syslog. One of <option>kern</option>,
|
|
<option>user</option>,
|
|
<option>mail</option>,
|
|
<option>daemon</option>,
|
|
<option>auth</option>,
|
|
<option>syslog</option>,
|
|
<option>lpr</option>,
|
|
<option>news</option>,
|
|
<option>uucp</option>,
|
|
<option>cron</option>,
|
|
<option>authpriv</option>,
|
|
<option>ftp</option>,
|
|
<option>local0</option>,
|
|
<option>local1</option>,
|
|
<option>local2</option>,
|
|
<option>local3</option>,
|
|
<option>local4</option>,
|
|
<option>local5</option>,
|
|
<option>local6</option> or
|
|
<option>local7</option>. See
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for details. This option is only
|
|
useful when
|
|
<varname>StandardOutput=</varname> or
|
|
<varname>StandardError=</varname> are
|
|
set to <option>syslog</option>.
|
|
Defaults to
|
|
<option>daemon</option>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>SyslogLevel=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Default syslog level
|
|
to use when logging to syslog or the
|
|
kernel log buffer. One of
|
|
<option>emerg</option>,
|
|
<option>alert</option>,
|
|
<option>crit</option>,
|
|
<option>err</option>,
|
|
<option>warning</option>,
|
|
<option>notice</option>,
|
|
<option>info</option>,
|
|
<option>debug</option>. See
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for details. This option is only
|
|
useful when
|
|
<varname>StandardOutput=</varname> or
|
|
<varname>StandardError=</varname> are
|
|
set to <option>syslog</option> or
|
|
<option>kmsg</option>. Note that
|
|
individual lines output by the daemon
|
|
might be prefixed with a different log
|
|
level which can be used to override
|
|
the default log level specified
|
|
here. The interpretation of these
|
|
prefixes may be disabled with
|
|
<varname>SyslogLevelPrefix=</varname>,
|
|
see below. For details see
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
|
|
|
|
Defaults to
|
|
<option>info</option>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>SyslogLevelPrefix=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean
|
|
argument. If true and
|
|
<varname>StandardOutput=</varname> or
|
|
<varname>StandardError=</varname> are
|
|
set to <option>syslog</option>,
|
|
<option>kmsg</option> or
|
|
<option>journal</option>, log lines
|
|
written by the executed process that
|
|
are prefixed with a log level will be
|
|
passed on to syslog with this log
|
|
level set but the prefix removed. If
|
|
set to false, the interpretation of
|
|
these prefixes is disabled and the
|
|
logged lines are passed on as-is. For
|
|
details about this prefixing see
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
|
|
Defaults to true.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>TimerSlackNSec=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Sets the timer slack
|
|
in nanoseconds for the executed
|
|
processes. The timer slack controls
|
|
the accuracy of wake-ups triggered by
|
|
timers. See
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>prctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for more information. Note that in
|
|
contrast to most other time span
|
|
definitions this parameter takes an
|
|
integer value in nano-seconds if no
|
|
unit is specified. The usual time
|
|
units are understood
|
|
too.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>LimitCPU=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>LimitFSIZE=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>LimitDATA=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>LimitSTACK=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>LimitCORE=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>LimitRSS=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>LimitNOFILE=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>LimitAS=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>LimitNPROC=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>LimitMEMLOCK=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>LimitLOCKS=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>LimitSIGPENDING=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>LimitMSGQUEUE=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>LimitNICE=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>LimitRTPRIO=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>LimitRTTIME=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>These settings control
|
|
various resource limits for executed
|
|
processes. See
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>setrlimit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for details. Use the string
|
|
<varname>infinity</varname> to
|
|
configure no limit on a specific
|
|
resource.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>PAMName=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Sets the PAM service
|
|
name to set up a session as. If set
|
|
the executed process will be
|
|
registered as a PAM session under the
|
|
specified service name. This is only
|
|
useful in conjunction with the
|
|
<varname>User=</varname> setting. If
|
|
not set no PAM session will be opened
|
|
for the executed processes. See
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for details.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>TCPWrapName=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>If this is a
|
|
socket-activated service this sets the
|
|
tcpwrap service name to check the
|
|
permission for the current connection
|
|
with. This is only useful in
|
|
conjunction with socket-activated
|
|
services, and stream sockets (TCP) in
|
|
particular. It has no effect on other
|
|
socket types (e.g. datagram/UDP) and
|
|
on processes unrelated to socket-based
|
|
activation. If the tcpwrap
|
|
verification fails daemon start-up
|
|
will fail and the connection is
|
|
terminated. See
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for details. Note that this option may
|
|
be used to do access control checks
|
|
only. Shell commands and commands
|
|
described in
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>hosts_options</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
are not supported.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>CapabilityBoundingSet=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Controls which
|
|
capabilities to include in the
|
|
capability bounding set for the
|
|
executed process. See
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for details. Takes a whitespace-separated
|
|
list of capability names as read by
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cap_from_name</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
e.g. <constant>CAP_SYS_ADMIN</constant>,
|
|
<constant>CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE</constant>,
|
|
<constant>CAP_SYS_PTRACE</constant>.
|
|
Capabilities listed will be included
|
|
in the bounding set, all others are
|
|
removed. If the list of capabilities
|
|
is prefixed with <literal>~</literal>
|
|
all but the listed capabilities will
|
|
be included, the effect of the
|
|
assignment inverted. Note that this
|
|
option also affects the respective
|
|
capabilities in the effective,
|
|
permitted and inheritable capability
|
|
sets, on top of what
|
|
<varname>Capabilities=</varname>
|
|
does. If this option is not used the
|
|
capability bounding set is not
|
|
modified on process execution, hence
|
|
no limits on the capabilities of the
|
|
process are enforced. This option may
|
|
appear more than once in which case
|
|
the bounding sets are merged. If the
|
|
empty string is assigned to this
|
|
option the bounding set is reset to
|
|
the empty capability set, and all
|
|
prior settings have no effect. If set
|
|
to <literal>~</literal> (without any
|
|
further argument) the bounding set is
|
|
reset to the full set of available
|
|
capabilities, also undoing any
|
|
previous settings.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>SecureBits=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Controls the secure
|
|
bits set for the executed process. See
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for details. Takes a list of strings:
|
|
<option>keep-caps</option>,
|
|
<option>keep-caps-locked</option>,
|
|
<option>no-setuid-fixup</option>,
|
|
<option>no-setuid-fixup-locked</option>,
|
|
<option>noroot</option> and/or
|
|
<option>noroot-locked</option>. This
|
|
option may appear more than once in
|
|
which case the secure bits are
|
|
ORed. If the empty string is assigned
|
|
to this option the bits are reset to
|
|
0.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>Capabilities=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Controls the
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
set for the executed process. Take a
|
|
capability string describing the
|
|
effective, permitted and inherited
|
|
capability sets as documented in
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cap_from_text</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
|
|
Note that these capability sets are
|
|
usually influenced by the capabilities
|
|
attached to the executed file. Due to
|
|
that
|
|
<varname>CapabilityBoundingSet=</varname>
|
|
is probably the much more useful
|
|
setting.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>ReadWriteDirectories=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>ReadOnlyDirectories=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>InaccessibleDirectories=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Sets up a new
|
|
file system namespace for executed
|
|
processes. These options may be used
|
|
to limit access a process might have
|
|
to the main file system
|
|
hierarchy. Each setting takes a
|
|
space-separated list of absolute
|
|
directory paths. Directories listed in
|
|
<varname>ReadWriteDirectories=</varname>
|
|
are accessible from within the
|
|
namespace with the same access rights
|
|
as from outside. Directories listed in
|
|
<varname>ReadOnlyDirectories=</varname>
|
|
are accessible for reading only,
|
|
writing will be refused even if the
|
|
usual file access controls would
|
|
permit this. Directories listed in
|
|
<varname>InaccessibleDirectories=</varname>
|
|
will be made inaccessible for
|
|
processes inside the namespace. Note
|
|
that restricting access with these
|
|
options does not extend to submounts
|
|
of a directory. You must list
|
|
submounts separately in these settings
|
|
to ensure the same limited
|
|
access. These options may be specified
|
|
more than once in which case all
|
|
directories listed will have limited
|
|
access from within the namespace. If
|
|
the empty string is assigned to this
|
|
option the specific list is reset, and
|
|
all prior assignments have no
|
|
effect.</para>
|
|
<para>Paths in
|
|
<varname>ReadOnlyDirectories=</varname>
|
|
and
|
|
<varname>InaccessibleDirectories=</varname>
|
|
may be prefixed with
|
|
<literal>-</literal>, in which case
|
|
they will be ignored when they don't
|
|
exist.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>PrivateTmp=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean
|
|
argument. If true sets up a new file
|
|
system namespace for the executed
|
|
processes and mounts private
|
|
<filename>/tmp</filename> and
|
|
<filename>/var/tmp</filename> directories
|
|
inside it, that are not shared by
|
|
processes outside of the
|
|
namespace. This is useful to secure
|
|
access to temporary files of the
|
|
process, but makes sharing between
|
|
processes via
|
|
<filename>/tmp</filename> or
|
|
<filename>/var/tmp</filename>
|
|
impossible. All temporary data created
|
|
by service will be removed after service
|
|
is stopped. Defaults to
|
|
false.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>PrivateNetwork=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean
|
|
argument. If true sets up a new
|
|
network namespace for the executed
|
|
processes and configures only the
|
|
loopback network device
|
|
<literal>lo</literal> inside it. No
|
|
other network devices will be
|
|
available to the executed process.
|
|
This is useful to securely turn off
|
|
network access by the executed
|
|
process. Defaults to
|
|
false.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>MountFlags=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a mount
|
|
propagation flag:
|
|
<option>shared</option>,
|
|
<option>slave</option> or
|
|
<option>private</option>, which
|
|
control whether the file system
|
|
namespace set up for this unit's
|
|
processes will receive or propagate
|
|
new mounts. See
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for details. Default to
|
|
<option>shared</option>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>UtmpIdentifier=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a four
|
|
character identifier string for an
|
|
utmp/wtmp entry for this service. This
|
|
should only be set for services such
|
|
as <command>getty</command>
|
|
implementations where utmp/wtmp
|
|
entries must be created and cleared
|
|
before and after execution. If the
|
|
configured string is longer than four
|
|
characters it is truncated and the
|
|
terminal four characters are
|
|
used. This setting interprets %I style
|
|
string replacements. This setting is
|
|
unset by default, i.e. no utmp/wtmp
|
|
entries are created or cleaned up for
|
|
this service.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>IgnoreSIGPIPE=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean
|
|
argument. If true, causes <constant>SIGPIPE</constant> to be
|
|
ignored in the executed
|
|
process. Defaults to true because
|
|
<constant>SIGPIPE</constant> generally is useful only in
|
|
shell pipelines.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>NoNewPrivileges=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean
|
|
argument. If true, ensures that the
|
|
service process and all its children
|
|
can never gain new privileges. This
|
|
option is more powerful than the respective
|
|
secure bits flags (see above), as it
|
|
also prohibits UID changes of any
|
|
kind. This is the simplest, most
|
|
effective way to ensure that a process
|
|
and its children can never elevate
|
|
privileges again.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>SystemCallFilter=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a space-separated
|
|
list of system call
|
|
names. If this setting is used, all
|
|
system calls executed by the unit
|
|
process except for the listed ones
|
|
will result in immediate process
|
|
termination with the
|
|
<constant>SIGSYS</constant> signal
|
|
(whitelisting). If the first character
|
|
of the list is <literal>~</literal>
|
|
the effect is inverted: only the
|
|
listed system calls will result in
|
|
immediate process termination
|
|
(blacklisting). If this option is used
|
|
<varname>NoNewPrivileges=yes</varname>
|
|
is implied. This feature makes use of
|
|
the Secure Computing Mode 2 interfaces
|
|
of the kernel ('seccomp filtering')
|
|
and is useful for enforcing a minimal
|
|
sandboxing environment. Note that the
|
|
<function>execve</function>,
|
|
<function>rt_sigreturn</function>,
|
|
<function>sigreturn</function>,
|
|
<function>exit_group</function>,
|
|
<function>exit</function> system calls
|
|
are implicitly whitelisted and don't
|
|
need to be listed explicitly. This
|
|
option may be specified more than once
|
|
in which case the filter masks are
|
|
merged. If the empty string is
|
|
assigned the filter is reset, all
|
|
prior assignments will have no
|
|
effect.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.swap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.cgroup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.directives</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
</para>
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|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|