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393 lines
20 KiB
XML
393 lines
20 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
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<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?>
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
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systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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Lesser General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
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along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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-->
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<refentry id="os-release">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>os-release</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
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<surname>Poettering</surname>
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<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>os-release</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>os-release</refname>
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<refpurpose>Operating system identification</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<para><filename>/etc/os-release</filename></para>
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<para><filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename></para>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para>The <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> and
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<filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename> files contain
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operating system identification data.</para>
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<para>The basic file format of
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<filename>os-release</filename> is a newline-separated
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list of environment-like shell-compatible variable
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assignments. It is possible to source the
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configuration from shell scripts, however, beyond mere
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variable assignments, no shell features are supported
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(this means variable expansion is explicitly not
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supported), allowing applications to read the file
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without implementing a shell compatible execution
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engine. Variable assignment values should be enclosed
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in double or single quotes if they include spaces,
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semicolons or other special characters outside of A-Z,
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a-z, 0-9. All strings should be in UTF-8 format, and
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non-printable characters should not be used. If double
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or single quotes or backslashes are to be used within
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variable assignments, they should be escaped with
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backslashes, following shell style. It is not
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supported to concatenate multiple individually quoted
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strings. Lines beginning with "#" shall be ignored as
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comments.</para>
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<para>The file <filename>/etc/os-release</filename>
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takes precedence over
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<filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename>. Applications
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should check for the former, and exclusively use its
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data if it exists, and only fall back to
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<filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename> if it is
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missing. Applications should not read data from both
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files at the same
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time. <filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename> is the
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recommended place to store OS release information as
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part of vendor trees. Frequently,
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<filename>/etc/os-release</filename> is simply a
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symlink to <filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename>,
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to provide compatibility with applications only
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looking at <filename>/etc</filename>.</para>
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<para><filename>os-release</filename> contains data
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that is defined by the operating system vendor and
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should generally not be changed by the
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administrator.</para>
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<para>As this file only encodes names and identifiers
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it should not be localized.</para>
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<para>The <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> and
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<filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename> files might
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be symlinks to other files, but it is important that
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the file is available from earliest boot on, and hence
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must be located on the root file system.</para>
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<para>For a longer rationale for
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<filename>os-release</filename> please refer to
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the <ulink
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url="http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/os-release">Announcement of <filename>/etc/os-release</filename></ulink>.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>The following OS identifications parameters may be set using
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<filename>os-release</filename>:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>NAME=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A string identifying
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the operating system, without a
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version component, and suitable for
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presentation to the user. If not set,
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defaults to
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<literal>NAME=Linux</literal>. Example:
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<literal>NAME=Fedora</literal> or
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<literal>NAME="Debian
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GNU/Linux"</literal>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>VERSION=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A string identifying
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the operating system version,
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excluding any OS name information,
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possibly including a release code
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name, and suitable for presentation to
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the user. This field is
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optional. Example:
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<literal>VERSION=17</literal> or
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<literal>VERSION="17 (Beefy
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Miracle)"</literal>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ID=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A lower-case string
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(no spaces or other characters outside
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of 0-9, a-z, ".", "_" and "-")
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identifying the operating system,
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excluding any version information and
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suitable for processing by scripts or
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usage in generated filenames. If not
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set, defaults to
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<literal>ID=linux</literal>. Example:
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<literal>ID=fedora</literal> or
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<literal>ID=debian</literal>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ID_LIKE=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A space-separated list
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of operating system identifiers in the
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same syntax as the
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<varname>ID=</varname> setting. It should
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list identifiers of operating systems
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that are closely related to the local
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operating system in regards to
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packaging and programming interfaces,
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for example listing one or more
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OS identifiers the local
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OS is a derivative from. An
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OS should generally only list other OS
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identifiers it itself is a derivative
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of, and not any OSes that
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are derived from it, though symmetric
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relationships are possible. Build
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scripts and similar should check this
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variable if they need to identify the
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local operating system and the value
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of <varname>ID=</varname> is not
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recognized. Operating systems should
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be listed in order of how closely the
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local operating system relates to the
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listed ones, starting with the
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closest. This field is
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optional. Example: for an operating
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system with
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<literal>ID=centos</literal>, an
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assignment of <literal>ID_LIKE="rhel
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fedora"</literal> would be
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appropriate. For an operating system
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with <literal>ID=ubuntu</literal>, an
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assignment of
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<literal>ID_LIKE=debian</literal> is
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appropriate.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>VERSION_ID=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A lower-case string
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(mostly numeric, no spaces or other
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characters outside of 0-9, a-z, ".",
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"_" and "-") identifying the operating
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system version, excluding any OS name
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information or release code name, and
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suitable for processing by scripts or
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usage in generated filenames. This
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field is optional. Example:
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<literal>VERSION_ID=17</literal> or
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<literal>VERSION_ID=11.04</literal>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>PRETTY_NAME=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A pretty operating
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system name in a format suitable for
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presentation to the user. May or may
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not contain a release code name or OS
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version of some kind, as suitable. If
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not set, defaults to
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<literal>PRETTY_NAME="Linux"</literal>. Example:
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<literal>PRETTY_NAME="Fedora 17 (Beefy
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Miracle)"</literal>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ANSI_COLOR=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A suggested
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presentation color when showing the
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OS name on the console. This
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should be specified as string suitable
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for inclusion in the ESC [ m
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ANSI/ECMA-48 escape code for setting
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graphical rendition. This field is
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optional. Example:
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<literal>ANSI_COLOR="0;31"</literal>
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for red, or
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<literal>ANSI_COLOR="1;34"</literal>
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for light blue.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>CPE_NAME=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A CPE name for the
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operating system, following the <ulink
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url="https://cpe.mitre.org/specification/">Common
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Platform Enumeration
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Specification</ulink> as proposed by
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the MITRE Corporation. This field
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is optional. Example:
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<literal>CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:fedoraproject:fedora:17"</literal>
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>HOME_URL=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>SUPPORT_URL=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>BUG_REPORT_URL=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Links to resources on
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the Internet related the operating
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system. <varname>HOME_URL=</varname>
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should refer to the homepage of the
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operating system, or alternatively
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some homepage of the specific version
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of the operating
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system. <varname>SUPPORT_URL=</varname>
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should refer to the main support page
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for the operating system, if there is
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any. This is primarily intended for
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operating systems which vendors
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provide support
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for. <varname>BUG_REPORT_URL=</varname>
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should refer to the main bug reporting
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page for the operating system, if
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there is any. This is primarily
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intended for operating systems that
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rely on community QA. These settings
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are optional, and providing only some
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of these settings is common. These
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URLs are intended to be exposed in
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"About this system" UIs behind links
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with captions such as "About this
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Operating System", "Obtain Support",
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and "Report a Bug". The values should
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be in <ulink
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url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986">RFC3986
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format</ulink>, and should be
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<literal>http:</literal> or
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<literal>https:</literal> URLs, and
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possibly <literal>mailto:</literal> or
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<literal>tel:</literal>. Only one URL
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shall be listed in each setting. If
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multiple resources need to be
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referenced, it is recommended to
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provide an online landing page linking
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all available resources. Examples:
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<literal>HOME_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/"</literal>
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and
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<literal>BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/"</literal></para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>BUILD_ID=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A string uniquely
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identifying the system image used as
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the origin for a distribution (it is
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not updated with system updates). The
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field can be identical between
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different VERSION_IDs as BUILD_ID is
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an only a unique identifier to a
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specific version. Distributions that
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release each update as a new version
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would only need to use VERSION_ID as
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each build is already distinct based
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on the VERSION_ID. This field is
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optional. Example:
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<literal>BUILD_ID="2013-03-20.3"</literal>
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or
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<literal>BUILD_ID=201303203</literal>.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>If you are reading this file from C code or a
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shell script to determine the OS or a specific version
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of it, use the ID and VERSION_ID fields, possibly with
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ID_LIKE as fallback for ID. When looking for an OS
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identification string for presentation to the user use
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the PRETTY_NAME field.</para>
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<para>Note that operating system vendors may choose
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not to provide version information, for example to
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accommodate for rolling releases. In this case, VERSION
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and VERSION_ID may be unset. Applications should not
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rely on these fields to be set.</para>
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<para>Operating system vendors may extend the file
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format and introduce new fields. It is highly
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recommended to prefix new fields with an OS specific
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name in order to avoid name clashes. Applications
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reading this file must ignore unknown fields. Example:
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<literal>DEBIAN_BTS="debbugs://bugs.debian.org/"</literal></para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Example</title>
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<programlisting>NAME=Fedora
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VERSION="17 (Beefy Miracle)"
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ID=fedora
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VERSION_ID=17
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PRETTY_NAME="Fedora 17 (Beefy Miracle)"
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ANSI_COLOR="0;34"
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CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:fedoraproject:fedora:17"
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HOME_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/"
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BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/"</programlisting>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>See Also</title>
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<para>
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>lsb_release</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>hostname</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-info</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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