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39d02a175f
So in theory UUID Variant 2 (i.e. microsoft GUIDs) are supposed to be displayed in native endian. That is of course a bad idea, and Linux userspace generally didn't implement that, i.e. uuidd and similar. Hence, let's not bother either, but let's document that we treat everything the same as Variant 1, even if it declares something else.
213 lines
10 KiB
XML
213 lines
10 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later -->
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<refentry id="sd_id128_get_machine" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>sd_id128_get_machine</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>sd_id128_get_machine</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>sd_id128_get_machine</refname>
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<refname>sd_id128_get_machine_app_specific</refname>
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<refname>sd_id128_get_boot</refname>
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<refname>sd_id128_get_boot_app_specific</refname>
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<refname>sd_id128_get_invocation</refname>
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<refpurpose>Retrieve 128-bit IDs</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<funcsynopsis>
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<funcsynopsisinfo>#include <systemd/sd-id128.h></funcsynopsisinfo>
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<funcprototype>
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<funcdef>int <function>sd_id128_get_machine</function></funcdef>
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<paramdef>sd_id128_t *<parameter>ret</parameter></paramdef>
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</funcprototype>
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<funcprototype>
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<funcdef>int <function>sd_id128_get_machine_app_specific</function></funcdef>
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<paramdef>sd_id128_t <parameter>app_id</parameter></paramdef>
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<paramdef>sd_id128_t *<parameter>ret</parameter></paramdef>
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</funcprototype>
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<funcprototype>
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<funcdef>int <function>sd_id128_get_boot</function></funcdef>
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<paramdef>sd_id128_t *<parameter>ret</parameter></paramdef>
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</funcprototype>
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<funcprototype>
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<funcdef>int <function>sd_id128_get_boot_app_specific</function></funcdef>
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<paramdef>sd_id128_t <parameter>app_id</parameter></paramdef>
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<paramdef>sd_id128_t *<parameter>ret</parameter></paramdef>
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</funcprototype>
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<funcprototype>
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<funcdef>int <function>sd_id128_get_invocation</function></funcdef>
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<paramdef>sd_id128_t *<parameter>ret</parameter></paramdef>
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</funcprototype>
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</funcsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><function>sd_id128_get_machine()</function> returns the machine ID of the executing host. This reads and
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parses the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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file. This function caches the machine ID internally to make retrieving the machine ID a cheap operation. This ID
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may be used wherever a unique identifier for the local system is needed. However, it is recommended to use this ID
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as-is only in trusted environments. In untrusted environments it is recommended to derive an application specific
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ID from this machine ID, in an irreversible (cryptographically secure) way. To make this easy
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<function>sd_id128_get_machine_app_specific()</function> is provided, see below.</para>
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<para><function>sd_id128_get_machine_app_specific()</function> is similar to
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<function>sd_id128_get_machine()</function>, but retrieves a machine ID that is specific to the application that is
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identified by the indicated application ID. It is recommended to use this function instead of
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<function>sd_id128_get_machine()</function> when passing an ID to untrusted environments, in order to make sure
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that the original machine ID may not be determined externally. This way, the ID used by the application remains
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stable on a given machine, but cannot be easily correlated with IDs used in other applications on the same
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machine. The application-specific ID should be generated via a tool like <command>systemd-id128 new</command>,
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and may be compiled into the application. This function will return the same application-specific ID for each
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combination of machine ID and application ID. Internally, this function calculates HMAC-SHA256 of the application
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ID, keyed by the machine ID.</para>
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<para><function>sd_id128_get_boot()</function> returns the boot ID of the executing kernel. This reads and parses
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the <filename>/proc/sys/kernel/random/boot_id</filename> file exposed by the kernel. It is randomly generated early
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at boot and is unique for every running kernel instance. See <citerefentry
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project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>random</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more
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information. This function also internally caches the returned ID to make this call a cheap operation. It is
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recommended to use this ID as-is only in trusted environments. In untrusted environments it is recommended to
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derive an application specific ID using <function>sd_id128_get_machine_app_specific()</function>, see below.</para>
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<para><function>sd_id128_get_boot_app_specific()</function> is analogous to
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<function>sd_id128_get_machine_app_specific()</function> but returns an ID that changes between boots. Some
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machines may be used for a long time without rebooting, hence the boot ID may remain constant for a long time, and
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has properties similar to the machine ID during that time.</para>
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<para><function>sd_id128_get_invocation()</function> returns the invocation ID of the currently executed
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service. In its current implementation, this reads and parses the <varname>$INVOCATION_ID</varname> environment
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variable that the service manager sets when activating a service, see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details. The
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ID is cached internally. In future a different mechanism to determine the invocation ID may be added.</para>
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<para>Note that <function>sd_id128_get_machine_app_specific()</function>,
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<function>sd_id128_get_boot()</function>, <function>sd_id128_get_boot_app_specific()</function>, and
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<function>sd_id128_get_invocation()</function> always return UUID Variant 1 Version 4 compatible IDs.
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<function>sd_id128_get_machine()</function> will also return a UUID Variant 1 Version 4 compatible ID on
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new installations but might not on older. It is possible to convert the machine ID non-reversibly into a
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UUID Variant 1 Version 4 compatible one. For more information, see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. It is
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hence guaranteed that these functions will never return the ID consisting of all zero or all one bits
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(<constant>SD_ID128_NULL</constant>, <constant>SD_ID128_ALLF</constant>) — with the possible exception of
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<function>sd_id128_get_machine()</function>, as mentioned.</para>
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<para>For more information about the <literal>sd_id128_t</literal>
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type see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-id128</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Return Value</title>
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<para>Those calls return 0 on success (in which case <parameter>ret</parameter> is filled in),
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or a negative errno-style error code.</para>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Errors</title>
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<para>Returned errors may indicate the following problems:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><constant>-ENOENT</constant></term>
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<listitem><para>Returned by <function>sd_id128_get_machine()</function>,
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<function>sd_id128_get_machine_app_specific()</function>, and
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<function>sd_id128_get_boot_app_specific()</function> when <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> is
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missing.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><constant>-ENOMEDIUM</constant></term>
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<listitem><para>Returned by <function>sd_id128_get_machine()</function>,
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<function>sd_id128_get_machine_app_specific()</function>, and
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<function>sd_id128_get_boot_app_specific()</function> when <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> is
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empty or all zeros.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><constant>-ENXIO</constant></term>
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<listitem><para>Returned by <function>sd_id128_get_invocation()</function> if no invocation ID is
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set.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><constant>-EIO</constant></term>
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<listitem><para>Returned by any of the functions described here when the configured value has
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invalid format.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><constant>-EPERM</constant></term>
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<listitem><para>Requested information could not be retrieved because of insufficient permissions.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect2>
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</refsect1>
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<xi:include href="libsystemd-pkgconfig.xml" />
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<refsect1>
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<title>Examples</title>
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<example>
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<title>Application-specific machine ID</title>
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<para>First, generate the application ID:</para>
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<programlisting>$ systemd-id128 -p new
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As string:
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c273277323db454ea63bb96e79b53e97
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As UUID:
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c2732773-23db-454e-a63b-b96e79b53e97
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As man:sd-id128(3) macro:
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#define MESSAGE_XYZ SD_ID128_MAKE(c2,73,27,73,23,db,45,4e,a6,3b,b9,6e,79,b5,3e,97)
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...
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</programlisting>
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<para>Then use the new identifier in an example application:</para>
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<programlisting><xi:include href="id128-app-specific.c" parse="text" /></programlisting>
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</example>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>See Also</title>
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<para>
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-id128</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-id128</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_id128_randomize</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>random</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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