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551 lines
22 KiB
XML
551 lines
22 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+
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-->
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<refentry id="systemd.journal-fields">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>systemd.journal-fields</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>7</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>systemd.journal-fields</refname>
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<refpurpose>Special journal fields</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para>Entries in the journal resemble an environment block in
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their syntax but with fields that can include binary data.
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Primarily, fields are formatted UTF-8 text strings, and binary
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formatting is used only where formatting as UTF-8 text strings
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makes little sense. New fields may freely be defined by
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applications, but a few fields have special meaning. All fields
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with special meanings are optional. In some cases, fields may
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appear more than once per entry.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>User Journal Fields</title>
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<para>User fields are fields that are directly passed from clients
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and stored in the journal.</para>
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<variablelist class='journal-directives'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>MESSAGE=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The human-readable message string for this entry. This
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is supposed to be the primary text shown to the user. It is
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usually not translated (but might be in some cases), and is
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not supposed to be parsed for metadata.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>MESSAGE_ID=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>A 128-bit message identifier ID for recognizing certain message types, if this is desirable. This
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should contain a 128-bit ID formatted as a lower-case hexadecimal string, without any separating dashes or
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suchlike. This is recommended to be a UUID-compatible ID, but this is not enforced, and formatted
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differently. Developers can generate a new ID for this purpose with <command>systemd-id128 new</command>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>PRIORITY=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>A priority value between 0 (<literal>emerg</literal>)
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and 7 (<literal>debug</literal>) formatted as a decimal
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string. This field is compatible with syslog's priority
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concept.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>CODE_FILE=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>CODE_LINE=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>CODE_FUNC=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The code location generating this message, if known.
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Contains the source filename, the line number and the
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function name.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ERRNO=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The low-level Unix error number causing this entry, if
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any. Contains the numeric value of
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>errno</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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formatted as a decimal string.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>SYSLOG_FACILITY=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>SYSLOG_PID=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>SYSLOG_TIMESTAMP=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Syslog compatibility fields containing the facility (formatted as
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decimal string), the identifier string (i.e. "tag"), the client PID, and
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the timestamp as specified in the original datagram. (Note that the tag is
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usually derived from glibc's
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<varname>program_invocation_short_name</varname> variable, see
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<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>program_invocation_short_name</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.)</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>SYSLOG_RAW=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The original contents of the syslog line as received in the syslog
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datagram. This field is only included if the <varname>MESSAGE=</varname>
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field was modified compared to the original payload or the timestamp could
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not be located properly and is not included in
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<varname>SYSLOG_TIMESTAMP=</varname>. Message truncation occurs when when
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the message contains leading or trailing whitespace (trailing and leading
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whitespace is stripped), or it contains an embedded
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<constant>NUL</constant> byte (the <constant>NUL</constant> byte and
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anything after it is not included). Thus, the original syslog line is
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either stored as <varname>SYSLOG_RAW=</varname> or it can be recreated
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based on the stored priority and facility, timestamp, identifier, and the
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message payload in <varname>MESSAGE=</varname>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Trusted Journal Fields</title>
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<para>Fields prefixed with an underscore are trusted fields, i.e.
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fields that are implicitly added by the journal and cannot be
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altered by client code.</para>
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<variablelist class='journal-directives'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_PID=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_UID=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_GID=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The process, user, and group ID of the process the
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journal entry originates from formatted as a decimal
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string. Note that entries obtained via <literal>stdout</literal> or
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<literal>stderr</literal> of forked processes will contain credentials valid for a parent
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process (that initiated the connection to <command>systemd-journald</command>).</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_COMM=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_EXE=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_CMDLINE=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The name, the executable path, and the command line of
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the process the journal entry originates from.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_CAP_EFFECTIVE=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The effective
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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of the process the journal entry originates from.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_AUDIT_SESSION=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_AUDIT_LOGINUID=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The session and login UID of the process the journal
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entry originates from, as maintained by the kernel audit
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subsystem.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_SYSTEMD_CGROUP=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_SYSTEMD_SLICE=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_SYSTEMD_UNIT=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_SYSTEMD_SESSION=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_SYSTEMD_OWNER_UID=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The control group path in the systemd hierarchy, the
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the systemd slice unit name, the systemd unit name, the
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unit name in the systemd user manager (if any), the systemd
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session ID (if any), and the owner UID of the systemd user
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unit or systemd session (if any) of the process the journal
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entry originates from.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_SELINUX_CONTEXT=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The SELinux security context (label) of the process
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the journal entry originates from.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_SOURCE_REALTIME_TIMESTAMP=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The earliest trusted timestamp of the message, if any
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is known that is different from the reception time of the
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journal. This is the time in microseconds since the epoch
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UTC, formatted as a decimal string.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_BOOT_ID=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The kernel boot ID for the boot the message was
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generated in, formatted as a 128-bit hexadecimal
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string.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_MACHINE_ID=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The machine ID of the originating host, as available
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in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_SYSTEMD_INVOCATION_ID=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The invocation ID for the runtime cycle of the unit
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the message was generated in, as available to processes
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of the unit in <varname>$INVOCATION_ID</varname> (see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>).</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_HOSTNAME=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The name of the originating host.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_TRANSPORT=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>How the entry was received by the journal service.
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Valid transports are:
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</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>audit</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>for those read from the kernel audit subsystem
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>driver</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>for internally generated messages
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>syslog</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>for those received via the local syslog socket
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with the syslog protocol
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>journal</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>for those received via the native journal
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protocol
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>stdout</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>for those read from a service's standard output
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or error output
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>kernel</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>for those read from the kernel
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_STREAM_ID=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Only applies to <literal>_TRANSPORT=stdout</literal> records: specifies a randomized 128bit ID assigned
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to the stream connection when it was first created. This ID is useful to reconstruct individual log streams
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from the log records: all log records carrying the same stream ID originate from the same stream.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_LINE_BREAK=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Only applies to <literal>_TRANSPORT=stdout</literal> records: indicates that the log message in the
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standard output/error stream was not terminated with a normal newline character (<literal>\n</literal>,
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i.e. ASCII 10). Specifically, when set this field is one of <option>nul</option> (in case the line was
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terminated by a NUL byte), <option>line-max</option> (in case the maximum log line length was reached, as
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configured with <varname>LineMax=</varname> in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>journald.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>) or
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<option>eof</option> (if this was the last log record of a stream and the stream ended without a final
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newline character). Note that this record is not generated when a normal newline character was used for
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marking the log line end.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Kernel Journal Fields</title>
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<para>Kernel fields are fields that are used by messages
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originating in the kernel and stored in the journal.</para>
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<variablelist class='journal-directives'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_KERNEL_DEVICE=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The kernel device name. If the entry is associated to
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a block device, the major and minor of the device node,
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separated by <literal>:</literal> and prefixed by
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<literal>b</literal>. Similar for character devices but
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prefixed by <literal>c</literal>. For network devices, this
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is the interface index prefixed by <literal>n</literal>. For
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all other devices, this is the subsystem name prefixed by
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<literal>+</literal>, followed by <literal>:</literal>,
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followed by the kernel device name.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_KERNEL_SUBSYSTEM=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The kernel subsystem name.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_UDEV_SYSNAME=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The kernel device name as it shows up in the device
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tree below <filename>/sys</filename>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_UDEV_DEVNODE=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The device node path of this device in
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<filename>/dev</filename>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_UDEV_DEVLINK=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Additional symlink names pointing to the device node
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in <filename>/dev</filename>. This field is frequently set
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more than once per entry.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Fields to log on behalf of a different program</title>
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<para>Fields in this section are used by programs to specify that
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they are logging on behalf of another program or unit.
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</para>
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<para>Fields used by the <command>systemd-coredump</command>
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coredump kernel helper:
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</para>
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<variablelist class='journal-directives'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>COREDUMP_UNIT=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>COREDUMP_USER_UNIT=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Used to annotate messages containing coredumps from
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system and session units. See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>coredumpctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>Privileged programs (currently UID 0) may attach
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<varname>OBJECT_PID=</varname> to a message. This will instruct
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<command>systemd-journald</command> to attach additional fields on
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behalf of the caller:</para>
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<variablelist class='journal-directives'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>OBJECT_PID=<replaceable>PID</replaceable></varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>PID of the program that this message pertains to.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>OBJECT_UID=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>OBJECT_GID=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>OBJECT_COMM=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>OBJECT_EXE=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>OBJECT_CMDLINE=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>OBJECT_AUDIT_SESSION=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>OBJECT_AUDIT_LOGINUID=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>OBJECT_SYSTEMD_CGROUP=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>OBJECT_SYSTEMD_SESSION=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>OBJECT_SYSTEMD_OWNER_UID=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>OBJECT_SYSTEMD_UNIT=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>OBJECT_SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>These are additional fields added automatically by
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<command>systemd-journald</command>. Their meaning is the
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same as
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<varname>_UID=</varname>,
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<varname>_GID=</varname>,
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<varname>_COMM=</varname>,
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<varname>_EXE=</varname>,
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<varname>_CMDLINE=</varname>,
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<varname>_AUDIT_SESSION=</varname>,
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<varname>_AUDIT_LOGINUID=</varname>,
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<varname>_SYSTEMD_CGROUP=</varname>,
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<varname>_SYSTEMD_SESSION=</varname>,
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<varname>_SYSTEMD_UNIT=</varname>,
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<varname>_SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT=</varname>, and
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<varname>_SYSTEMD_OWNER_UID=</varname>
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as described above, except that the process identified by
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<replaceable>PID</replaceable> is described, instead of the
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process which logged the message.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Address Fields</title>
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<para>During serialization into external formats, such as the
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<ulink
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url="https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/export">Journal
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Export Format</ulink> or the <ulink
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url="https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/json">Journal
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JSON Format</ulink>, the addresses of journal entries are
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serialized into fields prefixed with double underscores. Note that
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these are not proper fields when stored in the journal but for
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addressing metadata of entries. They cannot be written as part of
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structured log entries via calls such as
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_send</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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They may also not be used as matches for
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_add_match</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry></para>
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<variablelist class='journal-directives'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>__CURSOR=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The cursor for the entry. A cursor is an opaque text
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string that uniquely describes the position of an entry in
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the journal and is portable across machines, platforms and
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journal files.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>__REALTIME_TIMESTAMP=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The wallclock time
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(<constant>CLOCK_REALTIME</constant>) at the point in time
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the entry was received by the journal, in microseconds since
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the epoch UTC, formatted as a decimal string. This has
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different properties from
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<literal>_SOURCE_REALTIME_TIMESTAMP=</literal>, as it is
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usually a bit later but more likely to be monotonic.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>__MONOTONIC_TIMESTAMP=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The monotonic time
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(<constant>CLOCK_MONOTONIC</constant>) at the point in time
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the entry was received by the journal in microseconds,
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formatted as a decimal string. To be useful as an address
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for the entry, this should be combined with the boot ID in
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<literal>_BOOT_ID=</literal>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>See Also</title>
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<para>
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>journald.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-journal</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>coredumpctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.directives</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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