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16dad32e43
As you likely know, Arch Linux is in the process of moving to systemd. So I was reading through the various systemd docs and quickly became baffled by this new abbreviation "resp.", which I've never seen before in my English-mother-tongue life. Some quick Googling turned up a reference: <http://www.transblawg.eu/index.php?/archives/870-Resp.-and-other-non-existent-English-wordsNicht-existente-englische-Woerter.html> I guess it's a literal translation of the German "Beziehungsweise", but English doesn't work the same way. The word "respectively" is used exclusively to provide an ordering connection between two lists. E.g. "the prefixes k, M, and G refer to kilo-, mega-, and giga-, respectively." It is also never abbreviated to "resp." So the sentence "Sets the default output resp. error output for all services and sockets" makes no sense to a natural English speaker. This patch removes all instances of "resp." in the man pages and replaces them with sentences which are much more clear and, hopefully, grammatically valid. In almost all instances, it was simply replacing "resp." with "or," which the original author (Lennart?) could probably just do in the future. The only other instances of "resp." are in the src/ subtree, which I don't feel privileged to correct. Signed-off-by: Andrew Eikum <aeikum@codeweavers.com>
447 lines
23 KiB
XML
447 lines
23 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
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systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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Lesser General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
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along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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-->
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<refentry id="systemd.journal-fields">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>systemd.journal-fields</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
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<surname>Poettering</surname>
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<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>7</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>systemd.journal-fields</refname>
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<refpurpose>Special journal fields</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para>Entries in the journal resemble an environment
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block in their syntax, however with fields that can
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include binary data. Primarily, fields are formatted
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UTF-8 text strings, and binary formatting is used only
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where formatting as UTF-8 text strings makes little
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sense. New fields may freely be defined by
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applications, but a few fields have special
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meaning. All fields with special meanings are
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optional. In some cases fields may appear more than
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once per entry.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>User Journal Fields</title>
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<para>User fields are fields that are directly passed
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from clients and stored in the journal.</para>
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<variablelist class='journal-directives'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>MESSAGE=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The human readable
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message string for this
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entry. This is supposed to be
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the primary text shown to the
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user. It is usually not
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translated (but might be in
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some cases), and is not
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supposed to be parsed for meta
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data.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>MESSAGE_ID=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>A 128bit message
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identifier ID for recognizing
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certain message types, if this
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is desirable. This should
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contain a 128bit id formatted
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as lower-case hexadecimal
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string, without any separating
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dashes or suchlike. This is
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recommended to be a UUID
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compatible ID, but this is not
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enforced, and formatted
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differently. Developers can
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generate a new ID for this
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purpose with
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<command>journalctl
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--new-id</command>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>PRIORITY=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>A priority value between
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0 (<literal>emerg</literal>)
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and 7
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(<literal>debug</literal>)
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formatted as decimal
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string. This field is
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compatible with syslog's
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priority concept.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>CODE_FILE=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>CODE_LINE=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>CODE_FUNC=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The code location
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generating this message, if
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known. Contains the source
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file name, the line number and
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the function name.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ERRNO=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The low-level Unix error
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number causing this entry, if
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any. Contains the numeric
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value of
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>errno</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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formatted as decimal
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string.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>SYSLOG_FACILITY=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>SYSLOG_PID=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Syslog compatibility
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fields containing the facility
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(formatted as decimal string),
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the identifier string
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(i.e. "tag"), and the client
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PID.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Trusted Journal Fields</title>
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<para>Fields prefixed with an underscore are trusted
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fields, i.e. fields that are implicitly added by the
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journal and cannot be altered by client code.</para>
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<variablelist class='journal-directives'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_PID=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_UID=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_GID=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The process, user and
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group ID of the process the
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journal entry originates from
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formatted as decimal
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string.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_COMM=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_EXE=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_CMDLINE=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The name, the executable
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path and the command line of
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the process the journal entry
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originates from.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_AUDIT_SESSION=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_AUDIT_LOGINUID=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The session and login
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UID of the process the journal
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entry originates from, as
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maintained by the kernel audit
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subsystem.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_SYSTEMD_CGROUP=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_SYSTEMD_SESSION=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_SYSTEMD_UNIT=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_SYSTEMD_OWNER_UID=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The contol group path in
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the systemd hierarchy, the
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systemd session ID (if any),
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the systemd unit name (if any)
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and the owner UID of the
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systemd session (if any) of
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the process the journal entry
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originates from.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_SELINUX_CONTEXT=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The SELinux security
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context of the process the
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journal entry originates
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from.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_SOURCE_REALTIME_TIMESTAMP=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The earliest trusted
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timestamp of the message, if
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any is known that is different
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from the reception time of the
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journal. This is the time in
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usec since the epoch UTC
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formatted as decimal
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string.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_BOOT_ID=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The kernel boot ID for
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the boot the message was
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generated in, formatted as
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128bit hexadecimal
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string.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_MACHINE_ID=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The machine ID of the
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originating host, as available
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in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_HOSTNAME=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The name of the
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originating host.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_TRANSPORT=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>How the entry was
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received by the journal
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service. One of
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<literal>driver</literal>,
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<literal>syslog</literal>,
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<literal>journal</literal>,
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<literal>stdout</literal>,
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<literal>kernel</literal> for
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internally generated messages,
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for those received via the
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local syslog socket with the
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syslog protocol, for those
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received via the native
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journal protocol, for the
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those read from a services'
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standard output or error
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output, or for those read
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from the kernel, respectively.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Kernel Journal Fields</title>
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<para>Kernel fields are fields that are used by
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messages originating in the kernel and stored in the
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journal.</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>_KERNEL_DEVICE=</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The kernel device
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name. If the entry is
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associated to a block device,
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the major and minor of the
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device node, separated by ':'
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and prefixed by 'b'. Similar
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for character devices, but
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prefixed by 'c'. For network
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devices the interface index,
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prefixed by 'n'. For all other
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devices '+' followed by the
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subsystem name, followed by
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':', followed by the kernel
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device name.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>_KERNEL_SUBSYSTEM=</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The kernel subsystem name.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>_UDEV_SYSNAME=</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The kernel device name
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as it shows up in the device
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tree below
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<filename>/sys</filename>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>_UDEV_DEVNODE=</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The device node path of
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this device in
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<filename>/dev</filename>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>_UDEV_DEVLINK=</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Additional symlink names
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pointing to the device node in
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<filename>/dev</filename>. This
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field is frequently set more
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than once per entry.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Address Fields</title>
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<para>During serialization into external formats the
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addresses of journal entries are serialized into
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fields prefixed with double underscores. Note that
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these aren't proper fields when stored in the journal,
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but addressing meta data of entries. They cannot be
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written as part of structured log entries via calls
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such as
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_send</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>. They
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may also not be used as matches for
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_add_match</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry></para>
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<variablelist class='journal-directives'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>__CURSOR=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The cursor for the
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entry. A cursor is an opaque
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text string that uniquely
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describes the position of an
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entry in the journal and is
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portable across machines,
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platforms and journal
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files.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>__REALTIME_TIMESTAMP=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The wallclock time
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(CLOCK_REALTIME) at the point
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in time the entry was received
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by the journal, in usec since
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the epoch UTC formatted as
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decimal string. This has
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different properties from
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<literal>_SOURCE_REALTIME_TIMESTAMP=</literal>
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as it is usually a bit later
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but more likely to be
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monotonic.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>__MONOTONIC_TIMESTAMP=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The monotonic time
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(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) at the point
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in time the entry was received
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by the journal in usec
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formatted as decimal
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string. To be useful as an
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address for the entry this
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should be combined with with
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boot ID in
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<literal>_BOOT_ID=</literal>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>See Also</title>
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<para>
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>journald.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-journal</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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