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467 lines
23 KiB
XML
467 lines
23 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later -->
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<refentry id="os-release" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>os-release</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>os-release</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>os-release</refname>
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<refname>initrd-release</refname>
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<refpurpose>Operating system identification</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<para><filename>/etc/os-release</filename></para>
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<para><filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename></para>
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<para><filename>/etc/initrd-release</filename></para>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para>The <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> and
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<filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename> files contain operating
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system identification data.</para>
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<para>The basic file format of <filename>os-release</filename> is
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a newline-separated list of environment-like shell-compatible
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variable assignments. It is possible to source the configuration
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from shell scripts, however, beyond mere variable assignments, no
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shell features are supported (this means variable expansion is
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explicitly not supported), allowing applications to read the file
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without implementing a shell compatible execution engine. Variable
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assignment values must be enclosed in double or single quotes if
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they include spaces, semicolons or other special characters
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outside of A–Z, a–z, 0–9. Shell special characters ("$", quotes,
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backslash, backtick) must be escaped with backslashes, following
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shell style. All strings should be in UTF-8 format, and
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non-printable characters should not be used. It is not supported
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to concatenate multiple individually quoted strings. Lines
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beginning with "#" shall be ignored as comments. Blank lines are
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permitted and ignored.</para>
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<para>The file <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> takes
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precedence over <filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename>.
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Applications should check for the former, and exclusively use its
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data if it exists, and only fall back to
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<filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename> if it is missing.
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Applications should not read data from both files at the same
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time. <filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename> is the recommended
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place to store OS release information as part of vendor trees.
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<filename>/etc/os-release</filename> should be a relative symlink
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to <filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename>, to provide
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compatibility with applications only looking at
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<filename>/etc/</filename>. A relative symlink instead of an
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absolute symlink is necessary to avoid breaking the link in a
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chroot or initrd environment such as dracut.</para>
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<para><filename>os-release</filename> contains data that is
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defined by the operating system vendor and should generally not be
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changed by the administrator.</para>
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<para>As this file only encodes names and identifiers it should
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not be localized.</para>
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<para>The <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> and
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<filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename> files might be symlinks
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to other files, but it is important that the file is available
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from earliest boot on, and hence must be located on the root file
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system.</para>
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<para>For a longer rationale for <filename>os-release</filename>
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please refer to the <ulink
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url="http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/os-release">Announcement of <filename>/etc/os-release</filename></ulink>.</para>
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<refsect2>
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<title><filename>/etc/initrd-release</filename></title>
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<para>In the <ulink
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url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/initrd.html">initrd</ulink>,
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<filename>/etc/initrd-release</filename> plays the same role as <filename>os-release</filename> in the
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main system. Additionally, the presence of that file means that the system is in the initrd phase.
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<filename>/etc/os-release</filename> should be symlinked to <filename>/etc/initrd-release</filename>
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(or vice versa), so programs that only look for <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> (as described
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above) work correctly. The rest of this document that talks about <filename>os-release</filename>
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should be understood to apply to <filename>initrd-release</filename> too.</para>
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</refsect2>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>The following OS identifications parameters may be set using
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<filename>os-release</filename>:</para>
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<refsect2>
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<title>General information identifying the operating system</title>
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<variablelist class='environment-variables'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>NAME=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A string identifying the operating system, without a version component, and
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suitable for presentation to the user. If not set, a default of <literal>NAME=Linux</literal> may
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be used.</para>
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<para>Examples: <literal>NAME=Fedora</literal>, <literal>NAME="Debian GNU/Linux"</literal>.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ID=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A lower-case string (no spaces or other characters outside of 0–9, a–z, ".", "_"
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and "-") identifying the operating system, excluding any version information and suitable for
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processing by scripts or usage in generated filenames. If not set, a default of
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<literal>ID=linux</literal> may be used.</para>
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<para>Examples: <literal>ID=fedora</literal>, <literal>ID=debian</literal>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ID_LIKE=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A space-separated list of operating system identifiers in the same syntax as the
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<varname>ID=</varname> setting. It should list identifiers of operating systems that are closely
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related to the local operating system in regards to packaging and programming interfaces, for
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example listing one or more OS identifiers the local OS is a derivative from. An OS should
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generally only list other OS identifiers it itself is a derivative of, and not any OSes that are
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derived from it, though symmetric relationships are possible. Build scripts and similar should
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check this variable if they need to identify the local operating system and the value of
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<varname>ID=</varname> is not recognized. Operating systems should be listed in order of how
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closely the local operating system relates to the listed ones, starting with the closest. This
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field is optional.</para>
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<para>Examples: for an operating system with <literal>ID=centos</literal>, an assignment of
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<literal>ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"</literal> would be appropriate. For an operating system with
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<literal>ID=ubuntu</literal>, an assignment of <literal>ID_LIKE=debian</literal> is appropriate.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>PRETTY_NAME=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A pretty operating system name in a format suitable for presentation to the
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user. May or may not contain a release code name or OS version of some kind, as suitable. If not
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set, a default of <literal>PRETTY_NAME="Linux"</literal> may be used</para>
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<para>Example: <literal>PRETTY_NAME="Fedora 17 (Beefy Miracle)"</literal>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>CPE_NAME=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A CPE name for the operating system, in URI binding syntax, following the <ulink
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url="http://scap.nist.gov/specifications/cpe/">Common Platform Enumeration Specification</ulink> as
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proposed by the NIST. This field is optional.</para>
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<para>Example: <literal>CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:fedoraproject:fedora:17"</literal></para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>VARIANT=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A string identifying a specific variant or edition of the operating system suitable
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for presentation to the user. This field may be used to inform the user that the configuration of
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this system is subject to a specific divergent set of rules or default configuration settings. This
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field is optional and may not be implemented on all systems.</para>
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<para>Examples: <literal>VARIANT="Server Edition"</literal>, <literal>VARIANT="Smart Refrigerator
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Edition"</literal>.</para>
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<para>Note: this field is for display purposes only. The <varname>VARIANT_ID</varname> field should
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be used for making programmatic decisions.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>VARIANT_ID=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A lower-case string (no spaces or other characters outside of 0–9, a–z, ".", "_" and
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"-"), identifying a specific variant or edition of the operating system. This may be interpreted by
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other packages in order to determine a divergent default configuration. This field is optional and
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may not be implemented on all systems.</para>
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<para>Examples: <literal>VARIANT_ID=server</literal>, <literal>VARIANT_ID=embedded</literal>.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Information about the version of the operating system</title>
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<variablelist class='environment-variables'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>VERSION=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A string identifying the operating system version, excluding any OS name
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information, possibly including a release code name, and suitable for presentation to the
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user. This field is optional.</para>
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<para>Examples: <literal>VERSION=17</literal>, <literal>VERSION="17 (Beefy Miracle)"</literal>.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>VERSION_ID=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A lower-case string (mostly numeric, no spaces or other characters outside of 0–9,
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a–z, ".", "_" and "-") identifying the operating system version, excluding any OS name information
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or release code name, and suitable for processing by scripts or usage in generated filenames. This
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field is optional.</para>
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<para>Examples: <literal>VERSION_ID=17</literal>, <literal>VERSION_ID=11.04</literal>.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>VERSION_CODENAME=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A lower-case string (no spaces or other characters outside of 0–9, a–z, ".", "_"
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and "-") identifying the operating system release code name, excluding any OS name information or
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release version, and suitable for processing by scripts or usage in generated filenames. This field
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is optional and may not be implemented on all systems.</para>
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<para>Examples: <literal>VERSION_CODENAME=buster</literal>,
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<literal>VERSION_CODENAME=xenial</literal>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>BUILD_ID=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A string uniquely identifying the system image originally used as the installation
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base. In most cases, <varname>VERSION_ID</varname> or
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<varname>IMAGE_ID</varname>+<varname>IMAGE_VERSION</varname> are updated when the entire system
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image is replaced during an update. <varname>BUILD_ID</varname> may be used in distributions where
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the original installation image version is important: <varname>VERSION_ID</varname> would change
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during incremental system updates, but <varname>BUILD_ID</varname> would not. This field is
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optional.</para>
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<para>Examples: <literal>BUILD_ID="2013-03-20.3"</literal>, <literal>BUILD_ID=201303203</literal>.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>IMAGE_ID=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para> A lower-case string (no spaces or other characters outside of 0–9, a–z, ".", "_"
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and "-"), identifying a specific image of the operating system. This is supposed to be used for
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environments where OS images are prepared, built, shipped and updated as comprehensive, consistent
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OS images. This field is optional and may not be implemented on all systems, in particularly not on
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those that are not managed via images but put together and updated from individual packages and on
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the local system.</para>
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<para>Examples: <literal>IMAGE_ID=vendorx-cashier-system</literal>,
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<literal>IMAGE_ID=netbook-image</literal>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>IMAGE_VERSION=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A lower-case string (mostly numeric, no spaces or other characters outside of 0–9,
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a–z, ".", "_" and "-") identifying the OS image version. This is supposed to be used together with
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<varname>IMAGE_ID</varname> described above, to discern different versions of the same image.
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</para>
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<para>Examples: <literal>IMAGE_VERSION=33</literal>, <literal>IMAGE_VERSION=47.1rc1</literal>.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>To summarize: if the image updates are built and shipped as comprehensive units,
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<varname>IMAGE_ID</varname>+<varname>IMAGE_VERSION</varname> is the best fit. Otherwise, if updates
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eventually completely replace previously installed contents, as in a typical binary distribution,
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<varname>VERSION_ID</varname> should be used to identify major releases of the operating system.
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<varname>BUILD_ID</varname> may be used instead or in addition to <varname>VERSION_ID</varname> when
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the original system image version is important.</para>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Presentation information and links</title>
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<variablelist class='environment-variables'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>HOME_URL=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>DOCUMENTATION_URL=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>SUPPORT_URL=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>BUG_REPORT_URL=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>PRIVACY_POLICY_URL=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Links to resources on the Internet related to the operating system.
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<varname>HOME_URL=</varname> should refer to the homepage of the operating system, or alternatively
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some homepage of the specific version of the operating system.
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<varname>DOCUMENTATION_URL=</varname> should refer to the main documentation page for this
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operating system. <varname>SUPPORT_URL=</varname> should refer to the main support page for the
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operating system, if there is any. This is primarily intended for operating systems which vendors
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provide support for. <varname>BUG_REPORT_URL=</varname> should refer to the main bug reporting page
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for the operating system, if there is any. This is primarily intended for operating systems that
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rely on community QA. <varname>PRIVACY_POLICY_URL=</varname> should refer to the main privacy
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policy page for the operating system, if there is any. These settings are optional, and providing
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only some of these settings is common. These URLs are intended to be exposed in "About this system"
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UIs behind links with captions such as "About this Operating System", "Obtain Support", "Report a
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Bug", or "Privacy Policy". The values should be in <ulink
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url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986">RFC3986 format</ulink>, and should be
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<literal>http:</literal> or <literal>https:</literal> URLs, and possibly <literal>mailto:</literal>
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or <literal>tel:</literal>. Only one URL shall be listed in each setting. If multiple resources
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need to be referenced, it is recommended to provide an online landing page linking all available
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resources.</para>
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<para>Examples: <literal>HOME_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/"</literal>,
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<literal>BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/"</literal>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>LOGO=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A string, specifying the name of an icon as defined by <ulink
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url="http://standards.freedesktop.org/icon-theme-spec/latest">freedesktop.org Icon Theme
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Specification</ulink>. This can be used by graphical applications to display an operating system's
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or distributor's logo. This field is optional and may not necessarily be implemented on all
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systems.</para>
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<para>Examples: <literal>LOGO=fedora-logo</literal>, <literal>LOGO=distributor-logo-opensuse</literal>
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ANSI_COLOR=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A suggested presentation color when showing the OS name on the console. This should
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be specified as string suitable for inclusion in the ESC [ m ANSI/ECMA-48 escape code for setting
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graphical rendition. This field is optional.</para>
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<para>Examples: <literal>ANSI_COLOR="0;31"</literal> for red, <literal>ANSI_COLOR="1;34"</literal>
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for light blue, or <literal>ANSI_COLOR="0;38;2;60;110;180"</literal> for Fedora blue.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Distribution-level defaults and metadata</title>
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<variablelist class='environment-variables'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>DEFAULT_HOSTNAME=</varname></term>
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||
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<listitem><para>A string specifying the hostname if
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>hostname</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> is not
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||
present and no other configuration source specifies the hostname. Must be either a single DNS label
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||
(a string composed of 7-bit ASCII lower-case characters and no spaces or dots, limited to the
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||
format allowed for DNS domain name labels), or a sequence of such labels separated by single dots
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||
that forms a valid DNS FQDN. The hostname must be at most 64 characters, which is a Linux
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||
limitation (DNS allows longer names).</para>
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||
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<para>See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>org.freedesktop.hostname1</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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||
for a description of how
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||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-hostnamed.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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||
determines the fallback hostname.</para></listitem>
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||
</varlistentry>
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||
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||
<varlistentry>
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||
<term><varname>SYSEXT_LEVEL=</varname></term>
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||
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||
<listitem><para>A lower-case string (mostly numeric, no spaces or other characters outside of 0–9,
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||
a–z, ".", "_" and "-") identifying the operating system extensions support level, to indicate which
|
||
extension images are supported. See:
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||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-sysext</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>)
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||
for more information.</para>
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||
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||
<para>Examples: <literal>SYSEXT_LEVEL=2</literal>, <literal>SYSEXT_LEVEL=15.14</literal>.
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||
</para></listitem>
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||
</varlistentry>
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||
</variablelist>
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||
</refsect2>
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||
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||
<refsect2>
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||
<title>Notes</title>
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||
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<para>If you are using this file to determine the OS or a specific version of it, use the
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||
<varname>ID</varname> and <varname>VERSION_ID</varname> fields, possibly with
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||
<varname>ID_LIKE</varname> as fallback for <varname>ID</varname>. When looking for an OS identification
|
||
string for presentation to the user use the <varname>PRETTY_NAME</varname> field.</para>
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||
|
||
<para>Note that operating system vendors may choose not to provide version information, for example to
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||
accommodate for rolling releases. In this case, <varname>VERSION</varname> and
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||
<varname>VERSION_ID</varname> may be unset. Applications should not rely on these fields to be
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||
set.</para>
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||
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||
<para>Operating system vendors may extend the file format and introduce new fields. It is highly
|
||
recommended to prefix new fields with an OS specific name in order to avoid name clashes. Applications
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||
reading this file must ignore unknown fields.</para>
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||
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||
<para>Example: <literal>DEBIAN_BTS="debbugs://bugs.debian.org/"</literal>.</para>
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||
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||
<para>Container and sandbox runtime managers may make the host's identification data available to
|
||
applications by providing the host's <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> (if available, otherwise
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||
<filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename> as a fallback) as
|
||
<filename>/run/host/os-release</filename>.</para>
|
||
</refsect2>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title>Examples</title>
|
||
|
||
<example>
|
||
<title><filename>os-release</filename> file for Fedora Workstation</title>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>NAME=Fedora
|
||
VERSION="32 (Workstation Edition)"
|
||
ID=fedora
|
||
VERSION_ID=32
|
||
PRETTY_NAME="Fedora 32 (Workstation Edition)"
|
||
ANSI_COLOR="0;38;2;60;110;180"
|
||
LOGO=fedora-logo-icon
|
||
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:fedoraproject:fedora:32"
|
||
HOME_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/"
|
||
DOCUMENTATION_URL="https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora/f32/system-administrators-guide/"
|
||
SUPPORT_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Communicating_and_getting_help"
|
||
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/"
|
||
REDHAT_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT="Fedora"
|
||
REDHAT_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT_VERSION=32
|
||
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="Fedora"
|
||
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION=32
|
||
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Legal:PrivacyPolicy"
|
||
VARIANT="Workstation Edition"
|
||
VARIANT_ID=workstation</programlisting>
|
||
</example>
|
||
|
||
<example>
|
||
<title>Reading <filename>os-release</filename> in
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></title>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting><xi:include href="check-os-release.sh" parse="text" /></programlisting>
|
||
</example>
|
||
|
||
<example>
|
||
<title>Reading <filename>os-release</filename> in
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>python</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></title>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting><xi:include href="check-os-release.py" parse="text" /></programlisting>
|
||
</example>
|
||
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title>See Also</title>
|
||
<para>
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>lsb_release</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>hostname</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-info</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
</para>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
</refentry>
|