mirror of
https://github.com/systemd/systemd.git
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4cafd1a21f
In the troff output, this doesn't seem to make any difference. But in the
html output, the whitespace is sometimes preserved, creating an additional
gap before the following content. Drop it everywhere to avoid this.
(cherry picked from commit fe45f8dc9b)
724 lines
36 KiB
XML
724 lines
36 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?>
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd">
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<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later -->
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<refentry id="systemd-run"
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>systemd-run</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>systemd-run</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>systemd-run</refname>
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<refpurpose>Run programs in transient scope units, service units, or path-, socket-, or timer-triggered service units</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-run</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain"><replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">ARGS</arg>
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</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-run</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">PATH OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="req"><replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable></arg>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">ARGS</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-run</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">SOCKET OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="req"><replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable></arg>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">ARGS</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-run</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">TIMER OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="req"><replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable></arg>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">ARGS</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><command>systemd-run</command> may be used to create and start a transient <filename>.service</filename> or
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<filename>.scope</filename> unit and run the specified <replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable> in it. It may also be
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used to create and start a transient <filename>.path</filename>, <filename>.socket</filename>, or
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<filename>.timer</filename> unit, that activates a <filename>.service</filename> unit when elapsing.</para>
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<para>If a command is run as transient service unit, it will be started and managed by the service manager like any
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other service, and thus shows up in the output of <command>systemctl list-units</command> like any other unit. It
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will run in a clean and detached execution environment, with the service manager as its parent process. In this
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mode, <command>systemd-run</command> will start the service asynchronously in the background and return after the
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command has begun execution (unless <option>--no-block</option>, <option>--wait</option>, <option>--pipe</option>,
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or <option>--pty</option> are specified, see below).</para>
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<para>If a command is run as transient scope unit, it will be executed by <command>systemd-run</command>
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itself as parent process and will thus inherit the execution environment of the caller. However, the
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processes of the command are managed by the service manager similarly to normal services, and will show
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up in the output of <command>systemctl list-units</command>. Execution in this case is synchronous, and
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will return only when the command finishes. This mode is enabled via the <option>--scope</option> switch
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(see below).</para>
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<para>If a command is run with path, socket, or timer options such as <option>--on-calendar=</option> (see below),
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a transient path, socket, or timer unit is created alongside the service unit for the specified command. Only the
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transient path, socket, or timer unit is started immediately, the transient service unit will be triggered by the
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path, socket, or timer unit. If the <option>--unit=</option> option is specified, the
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<replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable> may be omitted. In this case, <command>systemd-run</command> creates only a
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<filename>.path</filename>, <filename>.socket</filename>, or <filename>.timer</filename> unit that triggers the
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specified unit.</para>
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<para>By default, services created with <command>systemd-run</command> default to the
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<option>simple</option> type, see the description of <varname>Type=</varname> in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for
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details. Note that when this type is used, the service manager (and thus the
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<command>systemd-run</command> command) considers service start-up successful as soon as the
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<function>fork()</function> for the main service process succeeded, i.e. before the
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<function>execve()</function> is invoked, and thus even if the specified command cannot be started.
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Consider using the <option>exec</option> service type (i.e. <option>--property=Type=exec</option>) to
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ensure that <command>systemd-run</command> returns successfully only if the specified command line has
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been successfully started.</para>
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<para>After <command>systemd-run</command> passes the command to the service manager, the manager
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performs variable expansion. This means that dollar characters (<literal>$</literal>) which should not be
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expanded need to be escaped as <literal>$$</literal>. Expansion can also be disabled using
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<varname>--expand-environment=no</varname>.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>The following options are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-ask-password</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Do not query the user for authentication for
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privileged operations.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v226"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--scope</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Create a transient <filename>.scope</filename> unit instead of the default transient
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<filename>.service</filename> unit (see above).
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</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v206"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--unit=</option></term>
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<term><option>-u</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Use this unit name instead of an automatically
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generated one.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v206"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--property=</option></term>
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<term><option>-p</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Sets a property on the scope or service unit that is created. This option takes an assignment
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in the same format as
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
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<command>set-property</command> command.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v211"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--description=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Provide a description for the service, scope, path, socket, or timer unit. If not specified,
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the command itself will be used as a description. See <varname>Description=</varname> in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v206"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--slice=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Make the new <filename>.service</filename> or <filename>.scope</filename> unit part
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of the specified slice, instead of <filename>system.slice</filename> (when running in
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<option>--system</option> mode) or the root slice (when running in <option>--user</option>
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mode).</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v206"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--slice-inherit</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Make the new <filename>.service</filename> or <filename>.scope</filename> unit part
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of the slice the <command>systemd-run</command> itself has been invoked in. This option may be
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combined with <option>--slice=</option>, in which case the slice specified via
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<option>--slice=</option> is placed within the slice the <command>systemd-run</command> command is
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invoked in.</para>
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<para>Example: consider <command>systemd-run</command> being invoked in the slice
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<filename>foo.slice</filename>, and the <option>--slice=</option> argument is
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<filename>bar</filename>. The unit will then be placed under
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<filename>foo-bar.slice</filename>.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v246"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--expand-environment=<replaceable>BOOL</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>Expand environment variables in command arguments. If enabled, environment variables
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specified as <literal>${<replaceable>VARIABLE</replaceable>}</literal> will be expanded in the same
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way as in commands specified via <varname>ExecStart=</varname> in units. With
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<varname>--scope</varname>, this expansion is performed by <command>systemd-run</command> itself, and
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in other cases by the service manager that spawns the command. Note that this is similar to, but not
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the same as variable expansion in
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>bash</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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and other shells.</para>
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<para>The default is to enable this option in all cases, except for <varname>--scope</varname> where
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it is disabled by default, for backward compatibility reasons. Note that this will be changed in a
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future release, where it will be switched to enabled by default as well.</para>
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<para>See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for a description of variable expansion. Disabling variable expansion is useful if the specified
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command includes or may include a <literal>$</literal> sign.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v254"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-r</option></term>
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<term><option>--remain-after-exit</option></term>
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<listitem><para>After the service process has terminated, keep the service around until it is explicitly
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stopped. This is useful to collect runtime information about the service after it finished running. Also see
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<varname>RemainAfterExit=</varname> in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v207"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--send-sighup</option></term>
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<listitem><para>When terminating the scope or service unit, send a SIGHUP immediately after SIGTERM. This is
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useful to indicate to shells and shell-like processes that the connection has been severed. Also see
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<varname>SendSIGHUP=</varname> in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v207"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--service-type=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Sets the service type. Also see
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<varname>Type=</varname> in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. This
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option has no effect in conjunction with
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<option>--scope</option>. Defaults to
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<constant>simple</constant>.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v211"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--uid=</option></term>
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<term><option>--gid=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Runs the service process under the specified UNIX user and group. Also see
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<varname>User=</varname> and <varname>Group=</varname> in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v211"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--nice=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Runs the service process with the specified
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nice level. Also see <varname>Nice=</varname> in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v211"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--working-directory=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Runs the service process with the specified working directory. Also see
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<varname>WorkingDirectory=</varname> in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v240"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--same-dir</option></term>
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<term><option>-d</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Similar to <option>--working-directory=</option>, but uses the current working
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directory of the caller for the service to execute.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v240"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-E <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>[=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>]</option></term>
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<term><option>--setenv=<replaceable>NAME</replaceable>[=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>]</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Runs the service process with the specified environment variable set. This parameter
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may be used more than once to set multiple variables. When <literal>=</literal> and
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<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable> are omitted, the value of the variable with the same name in the
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program environment will be used.</para>
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<para>Also see <varname>Environment=</varname> in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v211"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--pty</option></term>
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<term><option>-t</option></term>
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<listitem><para>When invoking the command, the transient service connects its standard input, output and error
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to the terminal <command>systemd-run</command> is invoked on, via a pseudo TTY device. This allows running
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programs that expect interactive user input/output as services, such as interactive command shells.</para>
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<para>This option will result in <command>systemd-run</command> synchronously waiting for
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the transient service to terminate, similar to specifying <option>--wait</option>. If specified
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along with <option>--wait</option>, <command>systemd-run</command> won't exit when manually disconnecting
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from the pseudo TTY device.</para>
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<para>Note that
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>machinectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
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<command>shell</command> command is usually a better alternative for requesting a new, interactive login
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session on the local host or a local container.</para>
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<para>See below for details on how this switch combines with <option>--pipe</option>.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v219"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--pipe</option></term>
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<term><option>-P</option></term>
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<listitem><para>If specified, standard input, output, and error of the transient service are inherited from the
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<command>systemd-run</command> command itself. This allows <command>systemd-run</command>
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to be used within shell pipelines.</para>
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<para>Note that this mode is not suitable for interactive command shells and similar, as the
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service process will not become a TTY controller when invoked on a terminal. Use <option>--pty</option>
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instead in that case.</para>
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<para>When both <option>--pipe</option> and <option>--pty</option> are used in combination the more appropriate
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option is automatically determined and used. Specifically, when invoked with standard input, output and error
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connected to a TTY <option>--pty</option> is used, and otherwise <option>--pipe</option>.</para>
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<para>This option will result in <command>systemd-run</command> synchronously waiting for
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the transient service to terminate, similar to specifying <option>--wait</option>.</para>
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<para>When this option is used the original file descriptors <command>systemd-run</command> receives are passed
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to the service processes as-is. If the service runs with different privileges than
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<command>systemd-run</command>, this means the service might not be able to reopen the passed file
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descriptors, due to normal file descriptor access restrictions. If the invoked process is a shell script that
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uses the <command>echo "hello" >/dev/stderr</command> construct for writing messages to stderr, this might
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cause problems, as this only works if stderr can be reopened. To mitigate this use the construct <command>echo
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"hello" >&2</command> instead, which is mostly equivalent and avoids this pitfall.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v235"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--shell</option></term>
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<term><option>-S</option></term>
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<listitem><para>A shortcut for <literal>--pty --same-dir --wait --collect --service-type=exec $SHELL</literal>,
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i.e. requests an interactive shell in the current working directory, running in service context, accessible
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with a single switch.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v240"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--quiet</option></term>
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<term><option>-q</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Suppresses additional informational output
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while running. This is particularly useful in combination with
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<option>--pty</option> when it will suppress the initial
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message explaining how to terminate the TTY connection.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v219"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--on-active=</option></term>
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<term><option>--on-boot=</option></term>
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<term><option>--on-startup=</option></term>
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<term><option>--on-unit-active=</option></term>
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<term><option>--on-unit-inactive=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Defines a monotonic timer relative to different starting points for starting the specified
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command. See <varname>OnActiveSec=</varname>, <varname>OnBootSec=</varname>, <varname>OnStartupSec=</varname>,
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<varname>OnUnitActiveSec=</varname> and <varname>OnUnitInactiveSec=</varname> in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for
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details. These options are shortcuts for <command>--timer-property=</command> with the relevant properties.
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These options may not be combined with <option>--scope</option> or <option>--pty</option>.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v218"/>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--on-calendar=</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Defines a calendar timer for starting the specified command. See <varname>OnCalendar=</varname>
|
|
in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. This
|
|
option is a shortcut for <command>--timer-property=OnCalendar=</command>. This option may not be combined with
|
|
<option>--scope</option> or <option>--pty</option>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v218"/>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--on-clock-change</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--on-timezone-change</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Defines a trigger based on system clock jumps or timezone changes for starting the
|
|
specified command. See <varname>OnClockChange=</varname> and <varname>OnTimezoneChange=</varname> in
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. These
|
|
options are shortcuts for <command>--timer-property=OnClockChange=yes</command> and
|
|
<command>--timer-property=OnTimezoneChange=yes</command>. These options may not be combined with
|
|
<option>--scope</option> or <option>--pty</option>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v242"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--path-property=</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--socket-property=</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--timer-property=</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Sets a property on the path, socket, or timer unit that is created. This option is
|
|
similar to <option>--property=</option>, but applies to the transient path, socket, or timer unit
|
|
rather than the transient service unit created. This option takes an assignment in the same format as
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
|
|
<command>set-property</command> command. These options may not be combined with
|
|
<option>--scope</option> or <option>--pty</option>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v218"/>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--no-block</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Do not synchronously wait for the unit start operation to finish. If this option is not specified, the
|
|
start request for the transient unit will be verified, enqueued and <command>systemd-run</command> will wait
|
|
until the unit's start-up is completed. By passing this argument, it is only verified and enqueued. This
|
|
option may not be combined with <option>--wait</option>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v220"/>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--wait</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Synchronously wait for the transient service to terminate. If this option is specified, the
|
|
start request for the transient unit is verified, enqueued, and waited for. Subsequently the invoked unit is
|
|
monitored, and it is waited until it is deactivated again (most likely because the specified command
|
|
completed). On exit, terse information about the unit's runtime is shown, including total runtime (as well as
|
|
CPU usage, if <option>--property=CPUAccounting=1</option> was set) and the exit code and status of the main
|
|
process. This output may be suppressed with <option>--quiet</option>. This option may not be combined with
|
|
<option>--no-block</option>, <option>--scope</option> or the various path, socket, or timer options.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v232"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-G</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--collect</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Unload the transient unit after it completed, even if it failed. Normally, without this option,
|
|
all units that ran and failed are kept in memory until the user explicitly resets their failure state with
|
|
<command>systemctl reset-failed</command> or an equivalent command. On the other hand, units that ran
|
|
successfully are unloaded immediately. If this option is turned on the "garbage collection" of units is more
|
|
aggressive, and unloads units regardless if they exited successfully or failed. This option is a shortcut for
|
|
<command>--property=CollectMode=inactive-or-failed</command>, see the explanation for
|
|
<varname>CollectMode=</varname> in
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for further
|
|
information.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v236"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--ignore-failure</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>By default, if the specified command fails the invoked unit will be marked failed
|
|
(though possibly still unloaded, see <option>--collect=</option>, above), and this is reported in the
|
|
logs. If this switch is specified this is suppressed and any non-success exit status/code of the
|
|
command is treated as success.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--background=<replaceable>COLOR</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Change the terminal background color to the specified ANSI color as long as the
|
|
session lasts. The color specified should be an ANSI X3.64 SGR background color, i.e. strings such as
|
|
<literal>40</literal>, <literal>41</literal>, …, <literal>47</literal>, <literal>48;2;…</literal>,
|
|
<literal>48;5;…</literal>. See <ulink
|
|
url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code#SGR_(Select_Graphic_Rendition)_parameters">ANSI
|
|
Escape Code (Wikipedia)</ulink> for details.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="user" />
|
|
<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="system" />
|
|
<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="host" />
|
|
<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="machine" />
|
|
<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="capsule" />
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" />
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<para>All command line arguments after the first non-option argument become part of the command line of
|
|
the launched process.</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Exit status</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>On success, 0 is returned. If <command>systemd-run</command> failed to start the service, a
|
|
non-zero return value will be returned. If <command>systemd-run</command> waits for the service to
|
|
terminate, the return value will be propagated from the service. 0 will be returned on success, including
|
|
all the cases where systemd considers a service to have exited cleanly, see the discussion of
|
|
<varname>SuccessExitStatus=</varname> in
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Examples</title>
|
|
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>Logging environment variables provided by systemd to services</title>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting># systemd-run env
|
|
Running as unit: run-19945.service
|
|
# journalctl -u run-19945.service
|
|
Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis systemd[1]: Starting /usr/bin/env...
|
|
Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis systemd[1]: Started /usr/bin/env.
|
|
Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis env[19948]: PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
|
|
Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis env[19948]: LANG=en_US.UTF-8
|
|
Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis env[19948]: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-3.11.0-0.rc5.git6.2.fc20.x86_64</programlisting>
|
|
</example>
|
|
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>Limiting resources available to a command</title>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting># systemd-run -p IOWeight=10 updatedb</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>This command invokes the <citerefentry
|
|
project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>updatedb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
tool, but lowers the block I/O weight for it to 10. See
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for more information on the <varname>IOWeight=</varname> property.</para>
|
|
</example>
|
|
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>Running commands at a specified time</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The following command will touch a file after 30 seconds.</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting># date; systemd-run --on-active=30 --timer-property=AccuracySec=100ms /bin/touch /tmp/foo
|
|
Mon Dec 8 20:44:24 KST 2014
|
|
Running as unit: run-71.timer
|
|
Will run service as unit: run-71.service
|
|
# journalctl -b -u run-71.timer
|
|
-- Journal begins at Fri 2014-12-05 19:09:21 KST, ends at Mon 2014-12-08 20:44:54 KST. --
|
|
Dec 08 20:44:38 container systemd[1]: Starting /bin/touch /tmp/foo.
|
|
Dec 08 20:44:38 container systemd[1]: Started /bin/touch /tmp/foo.
|
|
# journalctl -b -u run-71.service
|
|
-- Journal begins at Fri 2014-12-05 19:09:21 KST, ends at Mon 2014-12-08 20:44:54 KST. --
|
|
Dec 08 20:44:48 container systemd[1]: Starting /bin/touch /tmp/foo...
|
|
Dec 08 20:44:48 container systemd[1]: Started /bin/touch /tmp/foo.</programlisting>
|
|
</example>
|
|
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>Allowing access to the tty</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The following command invokes
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>bash</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
as a service passing its standard input, output and error to the calling TTY.</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting># systemd-run -t --send-sighup bash</programlisting>
|
|
</example>
|
|
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>Start <command>screen</command> as a user service</title>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>$ systemd-run --scope --user screen
|
|
Running scope as unit run-r14b0047ab6df45bfb45e7786cc839e76.scope.
|
|
|
|
$ screen -ls
|
|
There is a screen on:
|
|
492..laptop (Detached)
|
|
1 Socket in /var/run/screen/S-fatima.
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>This starts the <command>screen</command> process as a child of the
|
|
<command>systemd --user</command> process that was started by
|
|
<filename>user@.service</filename>, in a scope unit. A
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.scope</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
unit is used instead of a
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
unit, because <command>screen</command> will exit when detaching from the terminal,
|
|
and a service unit would be terminated. Running <command>screen</command>
|
|
as a user unit has the advantage that it is not part of the session scope.
|
|
If <varname>KillUserProcesses=yes</varname> is configured in
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>logind.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
the default, the session scope will be terminated when the user logs
|
|
out of that session.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The <filename>user@.service</filename> is started automatically
|
|
when the user first logs in, and stays around as long as at least one
|
|
login session is open. After the user logs out of the last session,
|
|
<filename>user@.service</filename> and all services underneath it
|
|
are terminated. This behavior is the default, when "lingering" is
|
|
not enabled for that user. Enabling lingering means that
|
|
<filename>user@.service</filename> is started automatically during
|
|
boot, even if the user is not logged in, and that the service is
|
|
not terminated when the user logs out.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Enabling lingering allows the user to run processes without being logged in,
|
|
for example to allow <command>screen</command> to persist after the user logs out,
|
|
even if the session scope is terminated. In the default configuration, users can
|
|
enable lingering for themselves:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>$ loginctl enable-linger</programlisting>
|
|
</example>
|
|
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>Variable expansion by the manager</title>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>$ systemd-run -t echo "<${INVOCATION_ID}>" '<${INVOCATION_ID}>'
|
|
<> <5d0149bfa2c34b79bccb13074001eb20>
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>The first argument is expanded by the shell (double quotes), but the second one is not expanded
|
|
by the shell (single quotes).
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>echo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
is called with [<literal>/usr/bin/echo</literal>,
|
|
<literal><></literal>, <literal><${INVOCATION_ID}></literal>] as the argument array, and then
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
generates <varname>${INVOCATION_ID}</varname> and substitutes it in the command-line. This substitution
|
|
could not be done on the client side, because the target ID that will be set for the service isn't
|
|
known before the call is made.</para>
|
|
</example>
|
|
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>Variable expansion and output redirection using a shell</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>Variable expansion by
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
can be disabled with <varname>--expand-environment=no</varname>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Disabling variable expansion can be useful if the command to execute contains dollar characters
|
|
and escaping them would be inconvenient. For example, when a shell is used:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>$ systemd-run --expand-environment=no -t bash \
|
|
-c 'echo $SHELL $$ >/dev/stdout'
|
|
/bin/bash 12345
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>The last argument is passed verbatim to the
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>bash</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
shell which is started by the service unit. The shell expands <literal>$SHELL</literal> to the path of
|
|
the shell, and <literal>$$</literal> to its process number, and then those strings are passed to the
|
|
<command>echo</command> built-in and printed to standard output (which in this case is connected to the
|
|
calling terminal).</para>
|
|
</example>
|
|
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>Return value</title>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>$ systemd-run --user --wait true
|
|
$ systemd-run --user --wait -p SuccessExitStatus=11 bash -c 'exit 11'
|
|
$ systemd-run --user --wait -p SuccessExitStatus=SIGUSR1 --expand-environment=no \
|
|
bash -c 'kill -SIGUSR1 $$'</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>Those three invocations will succeed, i.e. terminate with an exit code of 0.</para>
|
|
</example>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
<para><simplelist type="inline">
|
|
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.scope</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.slice</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>machinectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>run0</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
</simplelist></para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|