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517 lines
19 KiB
XML
517 lines
19 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
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systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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Lesser General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
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along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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-->
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<refentry id="systemd.journal-fields">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>systemd.journal-fields</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
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<surname>Poettering</surname>
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<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>7</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>systemd.journal-fields</refname>
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<refpurpose>Special journal fields</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para>Entries in the journal resemble an environment block in
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their syntax but with fields that can include binary data.
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Primarily, fields are formatted UTF-8 text strings, and binary
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formatting is used only where formatting as UTF-8 text strings
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makes little sense. New fields may freely be defined by
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applications, but a few fields have special meaning. All fields
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with special meanings are optional. In some cases, fields may
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appear more than once per entry.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>User Journal Fields</title>
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<para>User fields are fields that are directly passed from clients
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and stored in the journal.</para>
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<variablelist class='journal-directives'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>MESSAGE=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The human-readable message string for this entry. This
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is supposed to be the primary text shown to the user. It is
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usually not translated (but might be in some cases), and is
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not supposed to be parsed for meta data.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>MESSAGE_ID=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>A 128-bit message identifier ID for recognizing
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certain message types, if this is desirable. This should
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contain a 128-bit ID formatted as a lower-case hexadecimal
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string, without any separating dashes or suchlike. This is
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recommended to be a UUID-compatible ID, but this is not
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enforced, and formatted differently. Developers can generate
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a new ID for this purpose with <command>journalctl
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<option>--new-id</option></command>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>PRIORITY=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>A priority value between 0 (<literal>emerg</literal>)
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and 7 (<literal>debug</literal>) formatted as a decimal
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string. This field is compatible with syslog's priority
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concept.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>CODE_FILE=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>CODE_LINE=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>CODE_FUNC=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The code location generating this message, if known.
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Contains the source filename, the line number and the
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function name.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ERRNO=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The low-level Unix error number causing this entry, if
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any. Contains the numeric value of
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>errno</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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formatted as a decimal string.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>SYSLOG_FACILITY=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>SYSLOG_PID=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Syslog compatibility fields containing the facility
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(formatted as decimal string), the identifier string (i.e.
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"tag"), and the client PID. (Note that the tag is usually
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derived from glibc's
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<varname>program_invocation_short_name</varname> variable,
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see
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<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>program_invocation_short_name</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.)</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Trusted Journal Fields</title>
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<para>Fields prefixed with an underscore are trusted fields, i.e.
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fields that are implicitly added by the journal and cannot be
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altered by client code.</para>
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<variablelist class='journal-directives'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_PID=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_UID=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_GID=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The process, user, and group ID of the process the
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journal entry originates from formatted as a decimal
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string.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_COMM=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_EXE=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_CMDLINE=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The name, the executable path, and the command line of
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the process the journal entry originates from.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_CAP_EFFECTIVE=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The effective
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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of the process the journal entry originates from.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_AUDIT_SESSION=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_AUDIT_LOGINUID=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The session and login UID of the process the journal
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entry originates from, as maintained by the kernel audit
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subsystem.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_SYSTEMD_CGROUP=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_SYSTEMD_SESSION=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_SYSTEMD_UNIT=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_SYSTEMD_OWNER_UID=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_SYSTEMD_SLICE=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The control group path in the systemd hierarchy, the
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systemd session ID (if any), the systemd unit name (if any),
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the systemd user session unit name (if any), the owner UID
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of the systemd session (if any) and the systemd slice unit
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of the process the journal entry originates from.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_SELINUX_CONTEXT=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The SELinux security context (label) of the process
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the journal entry originates from.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_SOURCE_REALTIME_TIMESTAMP=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The earliest trusted timestamp of the message, if any
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is known that is different from the reception time of the
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journal. This is the time in microseconds since the epoch
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UTC, formatted as a decimal string.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_BOOT_ID=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The kernel boot ID for the boot the message was
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generated in, formatted as a 128-bit hexadecimal
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string.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_MACHINE_ID=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The machine ID of the originating host, as available
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in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_HOSTNAME=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The name of the originating host.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_TRANSPORT=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>How the entry was received by the journal service.
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Valid transports are:
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</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>driver</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>for internally generated messages
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>syslog</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>for those received via the local syslog socket
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with the syslog protocol
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>journal</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>for those received via the native journal
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protocol
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>stdout</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>for those read from a service's standard output
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or error output
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>kernel</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>for those read from the kernel
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Kernel Journal Fields</title>
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<para>Kernel fields are fields that are used by messages
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originating in the kernel and stored in the journal.</para>
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<variablelist class='journal-directives'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_KERNEL_DEVICE=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The kernel device name. If the entry is associated to
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a block device, the major and minor of the device node,
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separated by <literal>:</literal> and prefixed by
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<literal>b</literal>. Similar for character devices but
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prefixed by <literal>c</literal>. For network devices, this
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is the interface index prefixed by <literal>n</literal>. For
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all other devices, this is the subsystem name prefixed by
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<literal>+</literal>, followed by <literal>:</literal>,
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followed by the kernel device name.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_KERNEL_SUBSYSTEM=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The kernel subsystem name.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_UDEV_SYSNAME=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The kernel device name as it shows up in the device
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tree below <filename>/sys</filename>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_UDEV_DEVNODE=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The device node path of this device in
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<filename>/dev</filename>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_UDEV_DEVLINK=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Additional symlink names pointing to the device node
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in <filename>/dev</filename>. This field is frequently set
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more than once per entry.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Fields to log on behalf of a different program</title>
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<para>Fields in this section are used by programs to specify that
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they are logging on behalf of another program or unit.
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</para>
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<para>Fields used by the <command>systemd-coredump</command>
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coredump kernel helper:
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</para>
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<variablelist class='journal-directives'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>COREDUMP_UNIT=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>COREDUMP_USER_UNIT=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Used to annotate messages containing coredumps from
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system and session units. See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>coredumpctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>Priviledged programs (currently UID 0) may attach
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<varname>OBJECT_PID=</varname> to a message. This will instruct
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<command>systemd-journald</command> to attach additional fields on
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behalf of the caller:</para>
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<variablelist class='journal-directives'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>OBJECT_PID=<replaceable>PID</replaceable></varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>PID of the program that this message pertains to.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>OBJECT_UID=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>OBJECT_GID=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>OBJECT_COMM=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>OBJECT_EXE=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>OBJECT_CMDLINE=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>OBJECT_AUDIT_SESSION=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>OBJECT_AUDIT_LOGINUID=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>OBJECT_SYSTEMD_CGROUP=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>OBJECT_SYSTEMD_SESSION=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>OBJECT_SYSTEMD_OWNER_UID=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>OBJECT_SYSTEMD_UNIT=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>OBJECT_SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>These are additional fields added automatically by
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<command>systemd-journald</command>. Their meaning is the
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same as
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<varname>_UID=</varname>,
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<varname>_GID=</varname>,
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<varname>_COMM=</varname>,
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<varname>_EXE=</varname>,
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<varname>_CMDLINE=</varname>,
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<varname>_AUDIT_SESSION=</varname>,
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<varname>_AUDIT_LOGINUID=</varname>,
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<varname>_SYSTEMD_CGROUP=</varname>,
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<varname>_SYSTEMD_SESSION=</varname>,
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<varname>_SYSTEMD_UNIT=</varname>,
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<varname>_SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT=</varname>, and
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<varname>_SYSTEMD_OWNER_UID=</varname>
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as described above, except that the process identified by
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<replaceable>PID</replaceable> is described, instead of the
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process which logged the message.</para>
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|
</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
|
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</variablelist>
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|
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</refsect1>
|
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|
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<refsect1>
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|
<title>Address Fields</title>
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|
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<para>During serialization into external formats, such as the
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|
<ulink
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|
url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/export">Journal
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|
Export Format</ulink> or the <ulink
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|
url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/json">Journal
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|
JSON Format</ulink>, the addresses of journal entries are
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serialized into fields prefixed with double underscores. Note that
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|
these are not proper fields when stored in the journal but for
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|
addressing metadata of entries. They cannot be written as part of
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structured log entries via calls such as
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_send</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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|
They may also not be used as matches for
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|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_add_match</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry></para>
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|
|
<variablelist class='journal-directives'>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>__CURSOR=</varname></term>
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|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The cursor for the entry. A cursor is an opaque text
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|
string that uniquely describes the position of an entry in
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|
the journal and is portable across machines, platforms and
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|
journal files.
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|
</para>
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</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
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|
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<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>__REALTIME_TIMESTAMP=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The wallclock time
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(<constant>CLOCK_REALTIME</constant>) at the point in time
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|
the entry was received by the journal, in microseconds since
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|
the epoch UTC, formatted as a decimal string. This has
|
|
different properties from
|
|
<literal>_SOURCE_REALTIME_TIMESTAMP=</literal>, as it is
|
|
usually a bit later but more likely to be monotonic.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
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|
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<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>__MONOTONIC_TIMESTAMP=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The monotonic time
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(<constant>CLOCK_MONOTONIC</constant>) at the point in time
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|
the entry was received by the journal in microseconds,
|
|
formatted as a decimal string. To be useful as an address
|
|
for the entry, this should be combined with the boot ID in
|
|
<literal>_BOOT_ID=</literal>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>journald.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-journal</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>coredumpctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.directives</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|