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230 lines
9.0 KiB
XML
230 lines
9.0 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*- Mode: nxml; nxml-child-indent: 2; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2011 Lennart Poettering
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-->
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<refentry id="systemd-ask-password"
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>systemd-ask-password</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
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<surname>Poettering</surname>
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<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>systemd-ask-password</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>systemd-ask-password</refname>
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<refpurpose>Query the user for a system password</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-ask-password <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="opt">MESSAGE</arg></command>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><command>systemd-ask-password</command> may be used to query
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a system password or passphrase from the user, using a question
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message specified on the command line. When run from a TTY it will
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query a password on the TTY and print it to standard output. When
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run with no TTY or with <option>--no-tty</option> it will use the
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system-wide query mechanism, which allows active users to respond via
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several agents, listed below.</para>
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<para>The purpose of this tool is to query system-wide passwords
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— that is passwords not attached to a specific user account.
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Examples include: unlocking encrypted hard disks when they are
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plugged in or at boot, entering an SSL certificate passphrase for
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web and VPN servers.</para>
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<para>Existing agents are:
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>A boot-time password agent asking the user for
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passwords using
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<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>plymouth</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>A boot-time password agent querying the user
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directly on the console —
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-ask-password-console.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>An agent requesting password input via a
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>wall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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message —
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-ask-password-wall.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>A TTY agent that is temporarily spawned during
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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invocations,</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>A command line agent which can be started
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temporarily to process queued password
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requests — <command>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent --query</command>.
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</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist></para>
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<para>Answering system-wide password queries is a privileged operation, hence
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all the agents listed above (except for the last one), run as privileged
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system services. The last one also needs elevated privileges, so
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should be run through
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<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>sudo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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or similar.</para>
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<para>Additional password agents may be implemented according to
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the <ulink
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url="https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PasswordAgents">systemd
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Password Agent Specification</ulink>.</para>
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<para>If a password is queried on a TTY, the user may press TAB to
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hide the asterisks normally shown for each character typed.
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Pressing Backspace as first key achieves the same effect.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>The following options are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--icon=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Specify an icon name alongside the password
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query, which may be used in all agents supporting graphical
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display. The icon name should follow the <ulink
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url="http://standards.freedesktop.org/icon-naming-spec/icon-naming-spec-latest.html">XDG
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Icon Naming Specification</ulink>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--id=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Specify an identifier for this password
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query. This identifier is freely choosable and allows
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recognition of queries by involved agents. It should include
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the subsystem doing the query and the specific object the
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query is done for. Example:
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<literal>--id=cryptsetup:/dev/sda5</literal>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--keyname=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Configure a kernel keyring key name to use as
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cache for the password. If set, then the tool will try to push
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any collected passwords into the kernel keyring of the root
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user, as a key of the specified name. If combined with
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<option>--accept-cached</option>, it will also try to retrieve
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such cached passwords from the key in the kernel keyring
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instead of querying the user right away. By using this option,
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the kernel keyring may be used as effective cache to avoid
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repeatedly asking users for passwords, if there are multiple
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objects that may be unlocked with the same password. The
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cached key will have a timeout of 2.5min set, after which it
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will be purged from the kernel keyring. Note that it is
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possible to cache multiple passwords under the same keyname,
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in which case they will be stored as NUL-separated list of
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passwords. Use
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<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>keyctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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to access the cached key via the kernel keyring
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directly. Example: <literal>--keyname=cryptsetup</literal></para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--timeout=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Specify the query timeout in seconds. Defaults
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to 90s. A timeout of 0 waits indefinitely. </para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--echo</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Echo the user input instead of masking it.
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This is useful when using
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<filename>systemd-ask-password</filename> to query for
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usernames. </para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-tty</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Never ask for password on current TTY even if
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one is available. Always use agent system.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--accept-cached</option></term>
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<listitem><para>If passed, accept cached passwords, i.e.
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passwords previously entered.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--multiple</option></term>
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<listitem><para>When used in conjunction with
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<option>--accept-cached</option> accept multiple passwords.
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This will output one password per line.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-output</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Do not print passwords to standard output.
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This is useful if you want to store a password in kernel
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keyring with <option>--keyname</option> but do not want it
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to show up on screen or in logs.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Exit status</title>
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<para>On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure code
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otherwise.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>See Also</title>
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<para>
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-ask-password-console.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>keyctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>plymouth</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>wall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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