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systemd/man/sd_journal_get_fd.xml

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<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
<!--
This file is part of systemd.
Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
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under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
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-->
<refentry id="sd_journal_get_fd">
<refentryinfo>
<title>sd_journal_get_fd</title>
<productname>systemd</productname>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<contrib>Developer</contrib>
<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
<surname>Poettering</surname>
<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</refentryinfo>
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_fd</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>sd_journal_get_fd</refname>
<refname>sd_journal_get_events</refname>
<refname>sd_journal_get_timeout</refname>
<refname>sd_journal_process</refname>
<refname>sd_journal_wait</refname>
<refname>sd_journal_reliable_fd</refname>
<refname>SD_JOURNAL_NOP</refname>
<refname>SD_JOURNAL_APPEND</refname>
<refname>SD_JOURNAL_INVALIDATE</refname>
<refpurpose>Journal change notification
interface</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-journal.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_get_fd</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_get_events</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_get_timeout</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>uint64_t* <parameter>timeout_usec</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_process</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_wait</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>uint64_t <parameter>timeout_usec</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_reliable_fd</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para><function>sd_journal_get_fd()</function> returns
a file descriptor that may be asynchronously polled in
an external event loop and is signaled as soon as the
journal changes, because new entries or files were
added, rotation took place, or files have been
deleted, and similar. The file descriptor is suitable
for usage in
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>poll</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Use
<function>sd_journal_get_events()</function> for an
events mask to watch for. The call takes one argument:
the journal context object. Note that not all file
systems are capable of generating the necessary events
for wakeups from this file descriptor for changes to
be noticed immediately. In particular network files
systems do not generate suitable file change events in
all cases. Cases like this can be detected with
<function>sd_journal_reliable_fd()</function>,
below. <function>sd_journal_get_timeout()</function>
will ensure in these cases that wake-ups happen
frequently enough for changes to be noticed, although
with a certain latency.</para>
<para><function>sd_journal_get_events()</function>
will return the <function>poll()</function> mask to
wait for. This function will return a combination of
<constant>POLLIN</constant> and
<constant>POLLOUT</constant> and similar to fill into
the <literal>.events</literal> field of
<varname>struct pollfd</varname>.</para>
<para><function>sd_journal_get_timeout()</function>
will return a timeout value for usage in
<function>poll()</function>. This returns a value in
microseconds since the epoch of
<constant>CLOCK_MONOTONIC</constant> for timing out
<function>poll()</function> in
<varname>timeout_usec</varname>. See
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>clock_gettime</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
for details about
<constant>CLOCK_MONOTONIC</constant>. If there is no
timeout to wait for, this will fill in
<constant>(uint64_t) -1</constant> instead. Note that
<function>poll()</function> takes a relative timeout
in milliseconds rather than an absolute timeout in
microseconds. To convert the absolute 'us' timeout
into relative 'ms', use code like the
following:</para>
<programlisting>uint64_t t;
int msec;
sd_journal_get_timeout(m, &amp;t);
if (t == (uint64_t) -1)
msec = -1;
else {
struct timespec ts;
uint64_t n;
clock_getttime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &amp;ts);
n = (uint64_t) ts.tv_sec * 1000000 + ts.tv_nsec / 1000;
msec = t > n ? (int) ((t - n + 999) / 1000) : 0;
}</programlisting>
<para>The code above does not do any error checking
for brevity's sake. The calculated <varname>msec</varname>
integer can be passed directly as
<function>poll()</function>'s timeout
parameter.</para>
<para>After each <function>poll()</function> wake-up
<function>sd_journal_process()</function> needs to be
called to process events. This call will also indicate
what kind of change has been detected (see below; note
that spurious wake-ups are possible).</para>
<para>A synchronous alternative for using
<function>sd_journal_get_fd()</function>,
<function>sd_journal_get_events()</function>,
<function>sd_journal_get_timeout()</function> and
<function>sd_journal_process()</function> is
<function>sd_journal_wait()</function>. It will
synchronously wait until the journal gets changed. The
maximum time this call sleeps may be controlled with
the <parameter>timeout_usec</parameter>
parameter. Pass <constant>(uint64_t) -1</constant> to
wait indefinitely. Internally this call simply
combines <function>sd_journal_get_fd()</function>,
<function>sd_journal_get_events()</function>,
<function>sd_journal_get_timeout()</function>,
<function>poll()</function> and
<function>sd_journal_process()</function> into
one.</para>
<para><function>sd_journal_reliable_fd()</function>
may be used to check whether the wakeup events from
the file descriptor returned by
<function>sd_journal_get_fd()</function> are known to
be immediately triggered. On certain file systems
where file change events from the OS are not available
(such as NFS) changes need to be polled for
repeatedly, and hence are detected only with a certain
latency. This call will return a positive value if the
journal changes are detected immediately and zero when
they need to be polled for and hence might be noticed
only with a certain latency. Note that there's usually
no need to invoke this function directly as
<function>sd_journal_get_timeout()</function> on these
file systems will ask for timeouts explicitly
anyway.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Return Value</title>
<para><function>sd_journal_get_fd()</function> returns
a valid file descriptor on success or a negative
errno-style error code.</para>
<para><function>sd_journal_get_events()</function>
returns a combination of <constant>POLLIN</constant>,
<constant>POLLOUT</constant> and suchlike on success or
a negative errno-style error code.</para>
<para><function>sd_journal_reliable_fd()</function>
returns a positive integer if the file descriptor
returned by <function>sd_journal_get_fd()</function>
will generate wake-ups immediately for all journal
changes. Returns 0 if there might be a latency
involved.</para>
<para><function>sd_journal_process()</function> and
<function>sd_journal_wait()</function> return one of
<constant>SD_JOURNAL_NOP</constant>,
<constant>SD_JOURNAL_APPEND</constant> or
<constant>SD_JOURNAL_INVALIDATE</constant> on success or
a negative errno-style error code. If
<constant>SD_JOURNAL_NOP</constant> is returned, the
journal did not change since the last invocation. If
<constant>SD_JOURNAL_APPEND</constant> is returned, new
entries have been appended to the end of the
journal. If <constant>SD_JOURNAL_INVALIDATE</constant>,
journal files were added or removed (possibly due to
rotation). In the latter event, live-view UIs should
probably refresh their entire display, while in the
case of <constant>SD_JOURNAL_APPEND</constant>, it is
sufficient to simply continue reading at the previous
end of the journal.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Notes</title>
<para>The <function>sd_journal_get_fd()</function>,
<function>sd_journal_get_events()</function>,
<function>sd_journal_reliable_fd()</function>,
<function>sd_journal_process()</function> and
<function>sd_journal_wait()</function> interfaces are
available as a shared library, which can be compiled and
linked to with the
<constant>libsystemd</constant> <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
file.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Examples</title>
<para>Iterating through the journal, in a live view tracking all changes:</para>
<programlisting>#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;string.h&gt;
#include &lt;systemd/sd-journal.h&gt;
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
int r;
sd_journal *j;
r = sd_journal_open(&amp;j, SD_JOURNAL_LOCAL_ONLY);
if (r &lt; 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to open journal: %s\n", strerror(-r));
return 1;
}
for (;;) {
const void *d;
size_t l;
r = sd_journal_next(j);
if (r &lt; 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to iterate to next entry: %s\n", strerror(-r));
break;
}
if (r == 0) {
/* Reached the end, let's wait for changes, and try again */
r = sd_journal_wait(j, (uint64_t) -1);
if (r &lt; 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to wait for changes: %s\n", strerror(-r));
break;
}
continue;
}
r = sd_journal_get_data(j, "MESSAGE", &amp;d, &amp;l);
if (r &lt; 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to read message field: %s\n", strerror(-r));
continue;
}
printf("%.*s\n", (int) l, (const char*) d);
}
sd_journal_close(j);
return 0;
}</programlisting>
<para>Waiting with <function>poll()</function> (this
example lacks all error checking for the sake of
simplicity):</para>
<programlisting>#include &lt;sys/poll.h&gt;
#include &lt;systemd/sd-journal.h&gt;
int wait_for_changes(sd_journal *j) {
struct pollfd pollfd;
int msec;
sd_journal_get_timeout(m, &amp;t);
if (t == (uint64_t) -1)
msec = -1;
else {
struct timespec ts;
uint64_t n;
clock_getttime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &amp;ts);
n = (uint64_t) ts.tv_sec * 1000000 + ts.tv_nsec / 1000;
msec = t > n ? (int) ((t - n + 999) / 1000) : 0;
}
pollfd.fd = sd_journal_get_fd(j);
pollfd.events = sd_journal_get_events(j);
poll(&amp;pollfd, 1, msec);
return sd_journal_process(j);
}</programlisting>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>See Also</title>
<para>
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-journal</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_open</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_next</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>poll</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>clock_gettime</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
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