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1267 lines
75 KiB
XML
1267 lines
75 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
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<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?>
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
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systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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Lesser General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
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along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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-->
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<refentry id="systemd.exec">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>systemd.exec</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
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<surname>Poettering</surname>
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<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>systemd.exec</refname>
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<refpurpose>Execution environment configuration</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<para><filename><replaceable>service</replaceable>.service</filename>,
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<filename><replaceable>socket</replaceable>.socket</filename>,
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<filename><replaceable>mount</replaceable>.mount</filename>,
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<filename><replaceable>swap</replaceable>.swap</filename></para>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para>Unit configuration files for services, sockets,
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mount points and swap devices share a subset of
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configuration options which define the execution
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environment of spawned processes.</para>
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<para>This man page lists the configuration options
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shared by these four unit types. See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for the common options of all unit configuration
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files, and
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.swap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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and
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for more information on the specific unit
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configuration files. The execution specific
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configuration options are configured in the [Service],
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[Socket], [Mount], or [Swap] sections, depending on the unit
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type.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<variablelist class='unit-directives'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>WorkingDirectory=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes an absolute
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directory path. Sets the working
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directory for executed processes. If
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not set defaults to the root directory
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when systemd is running as a system
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instance and the respective user's
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home directory if run as
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user.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>RootDirectory=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes an absolute
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directory path. Sets the root
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directory for executed processes, with
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the
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chroot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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system call. If this is used it must
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be ensured that the process and all
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its auxiliary files are available in
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the <function>chroot()</function>
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jail.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>User=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>Group=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Sets the Unix user
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or group that the processes are executed
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as, respectively. Takes a single user or group
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name or ID as argument. If no group is
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set, the default group of the user is
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chosen.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>SupplementaryGroups=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Sets the supplementary
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Unix groups the processes are executed
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as. This takes a space separated list
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of group names or IDs. This option may
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be specified more than once in which
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case all listed groups are set as
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supplementary groups. When the empty
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string is assigned the list of
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supplementary groups is reset, and all
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assignments prior to this one will
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have no effect. In any way, this
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option does not override, but extends
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the list of supplementary groups
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configured in the system group
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database for the
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user.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Nice=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Sets the default nice
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level (scheduling priority) for
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executed processes. Takes an integer
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between -20 (highest priority) and 19
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(lowest priority). See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>OOMScoreAdjust=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Sets the adjustment
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level for the Out-Of-Memory killer for
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executed processes. Takes an integer
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between -1000 (to disable OOM killing
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for this process) and 1000 (to make
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killing of this process under memory
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pressure very likely). See <ulink
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url="http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt">proc.txt</ulink>
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for details.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>IOSchedulingClass=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Sets the IO scheduling
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class for executed processes. Takes an
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integer between 0 and 3 or one of the
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strings <option>none</option>,
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<option>realtime</option>,
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<option>best-effort</option> or
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<option>idle</option>. See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ioprio_set</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>IOSchedulingPriority=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Sets the IO scheduling
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priority for executed processes. Takes
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an integer between 0 (highest
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priority) and 7 (lowest priority). The
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available priorities depend on the
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selected IO scheduling class (see
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above). See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ioprio_set</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>CPUSchedulingPolicy=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Sets the CPU
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scheduling policy for executed
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processes. Takes one of
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<option>other</option>,
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<option>batch</option>,
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<option>idle</option>,
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<option>fifo</option> or
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<option>rr</option>. See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sched_setscheduler</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>CPUSchedulingPriority=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Sets the CPU
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scheduling priority for executed
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processes. The available priority
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range depends on the selected CPU
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|
scheduling policy (see above). For
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real-time scheduling policies an
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integer between 1 (lowest priority)
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and 99 (highest priority) can be used.
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See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sched_setscheduler</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>CPUSchedulingResetOnFork=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes a boolean
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argument. If true elevated CPU
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scheduling priorities and policies
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will be reset when the executed
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processes fork, and can hence not leak
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into child processes. See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sched_setscheduler</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details. Defaults to false.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>CPUAffinity=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Controls the CPU
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affinity of the executed
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processes. Takes a space-separated
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list of CPU indexes. This option may
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be specified more than once in which
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case the specificed CPU affinity masks
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are merged. If the empty string is
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assigned the mask is reset, all
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assignments prior to this will have no
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effect. See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sched_setaffinity</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>UMask=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Controls the file mode
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creation mask. Takes an access mode in
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octal notation. See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>umask</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for details. Defaults to
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0022.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
|
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Environment=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Sets environment
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variables for executed
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processes. Takes a space-separated
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list of variable assignments. This
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option may be specified more than once
|
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in which case all listed variables
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will be set. If the same variable is
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set twice the later setting will
|
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override the earlier setting. If the
|
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empty string is assigned to this
|
|
option the list of environment
|
|
variables is reset, all prior
|
|
assignments have no effect.
|
|
Variable expansion is not performed
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|
inside the strings, and $ has no special
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|
meaning.
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|
If you need to assign a value containing spaces
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to a variable, use double quotes (")
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|
for the assignment.</para>
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<para>Example:
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<programlisting>Environment="VAR1=word1 word2" VAR2=word3 "VAR3=word 5 6"</programlisting>
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gives three variables <literal>VAR1</literal>,
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<literal>VAR2</literal>, <literal>VAR3</literal>.
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|
</para>
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|
<para>
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|
See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>environ</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for details about environment variables.</para></listitem>
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|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>EnvironmentFile=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Similar to
|
|
<varname>Environment=</varname> but
|
|
reads the environment variables from a
|
|
text file. The text file should
|
|
contain new-line separated variable
|
|
assignments. Empty lines and lines
|
|
starting with ; or # will be ignored,
|
|
which may be used for commenting. A line
|
|
ending with a backslash will be concatenated
|
|
with the following one, allowing multiline variable
|
|
definitions. The parser strips leading
|
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and trailing whitespace from the values
|
|
of assignments, unless you use
|
|
double quotes (").</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The argument passed should be an
|
|
absolute file name or wildcard
|
|
expression, optionally prefixed with
|
|
"-", which indicates that if the file
|
|
does not exist it won't be read and no
|
|
error or warning message is logged.
|
|
This option may be specified more than
|
|
once in which case all specified files
|
|
are read. If the empty string is
|
|
assigned to this option the list of
|
|
file to read is reset, all prior
|
|
assignments have no effect.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The files listed with this
|
|
directive will be read shortly before
|
|
the process is executed. Settings from
|
|
these files override settings made
|
|
with
|
|
<varname>Environment=</varname>. If
|
|
the same variable is set twice from
|
|
these files the files will be read in
|
|
the order they are specified and the
|
|
later setting will override the
|
|
earlier setting.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
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|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>StandardInput=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Controls where file
|
|
descriptor 0 (STDIN) of the executed
|
|
processes is connected to. Takes one
|
|
of <option>null</option>,
|
|
<option>tty</option>,
|
|
<option>tty-force</option>,
|
|
<option>tty-fail</option> or
|
|
<option>socket</option>. If
|
|
<option>null</option> is selected
|
|
standard input will be connected to
|
|
<filename>/dev/null</filename>,
|
|
i.e. all read attempts by the process
|
|
will result in immediate EOF. If
|
|
<option>tty</option> is selected
|
|
standard input is connected to a TTY
|
|
(as configured by
|
|
<varname>TTYPath=</varname>, see
|
|
below) and the executed process
|
|
becomes the controlling process of the
|
|
terminal. If the terminal is already
|
|
being controlled by another process the
|
|
executed process waits until the current
|
|
controlling process releases the
|
|
terminal.
|
|
<option>tty-force</option>
|
|
is similar to <option>tty</option>,
|
|
but the executed process is forcefully
|
|
and immediately made the controlling
|
|
process of the terminal, potentially
|
|
removing previous controlling
|
|
processes from the
|
|
terminal. <option>tty-fail</option> is
|
|
similar to <option>tty</option> but if
|
|
the terminal already has a controlling
|
|
process start-up of the executed
|
|
process fails. The
|
|
<option>socket</option> option is only
|
|
valid in socket-activated services,
|
|
and only when the socket configuration
|
|
file (see
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for details) specifies a single socket
|
|
only. If this option is set standard
|
|
input will be connected to the socket
|
|
the service was activated from, which
|
|
is primarily useful for compatibility
|
|
with daemons designed for use with the
|
|
traditional
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>inetd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
daemon. This setting defaults to
|
|
<option>null</option>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>StandardOutput=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Controls where file
|
|
descriptor 1 (STDOUT) of the executed
|
|
processes is connected to. Takes one
|
|
of <option>inherit</option>,
|
|
<option>null</option>,
|
|
<option>tty</option>,
|
|
<option>syslog</option>,
|
|
<option>kmsg</option>,
|
|
<option>journal</option>,
|
|
<option>syslog+console</option>,
|
|
<option>kmsg+console</option>,
|
|
<option>journal+console</option> or
|
|
<option>socket</option>. If set to
|
|
<option>inherit</option> the file
|
|
descriptor of standard input is
|
|
duplicated for standard output. If set
|
|
to <option>null</option> standard
|
|
output will be connected to
|
|
<filename>/dev/null</filename>,
|
|
i.e. everything written to it will be
|
|
lost. If set to <option>tty</option>
|
|
standard output will be connected to a
|
|
tty (as configured via
|
|
<varname>TTYPath=</varname>, see
|
|
below). If the TTY is used for output
|
|
only the executed process will not
|
|
become the controlling process of the
|
|
terminal, and will not fail or wait
|
|
for other processes to release the
|
|
terminal. <option>syslog</option>
|
|
connects standard output to the
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
system syslog
|
|
service. <option>kmsg</option>
|
|
connects it with the kernel log buffer
|
|
which is accessible via
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>dmesg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. <option>journal</option>
|
|
connects it with the journal which is
|
|
accessible via
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
(Note that everything that is written
|
|
to syslog or kmsg is implicitly stored
|
|
in the journal as well, those options
|
|
are hence supersets of this
|
|
one). <option>syslog+console</option>,
|
|
<option>journal+console</option> and
|
|
<option>kmsg+console</option> work
|
|
similarly but copy the output to the
|
|
system console as
|
|
well. <option>socket</option> connects
|
|
standard output to a socket from
|
|
socket activation, semantics are
|
|
similar to the respective option of
|
|
<varname>StandardInput=</varname>.
|
|
This setting defaults to the value set
|
|
with
|
|
<option>DefaultStandardOutput=</option>
|
|
in
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
which defaults to
|
|
<option>journal</option>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>StandardError=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Controls where file
|
|
descriptor 2 (STDERR) of the executed
|
|
processes is connected to. The
|
|
available options are identical to
|
|
those of
|
|
<varname>StandardOutput=</varname>,
|
|
with one exception: if set to
|
|
<option>inherit</option> the file
|
|
descriptor used for standard output is
|
|
duplicated for standard error. This
|
|
setting defaults to the value set with
|
|
<option>DefaultStandardError=</option>
|
|
in
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
which defaults to
|
|
<option>inherit</option>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>TTYPath=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Sets the terminal
|
|
device node to use if standard input,
|
|
output or stderr are connected to a
|
|
TTY (see above). Defaults to
|
|
<filename>/dev/console</filename>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>TTYReset=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Reset the terminal
|
|
device specified with
|
|
<varname>TTYPath=</varname> before and
|
|
after execution. Defaults to
|
|
<literal>no</literal>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>TTYVHangup=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Disconnect all clients
|
|
which have opened the terminal device
|
|
specified with
|
|
<varname>TTYPath=</varname>
|
|
before and after execution. Defaults
|
|
to
|
|
<literal>no</literal>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>TTYVTDisallocate=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>If the terminal
|
|
device specified with
|
|
<varname>TTYPath=</varname> is a
|
|
virtual console terminal try to
|
|
deallocate the TTY before and after
|
|
execution. This ensures that the
|
|
screen and scrollback buffer is
|
|
cleared. Defaults to
|
|
<literal>no</literal>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>SyslogIdentifier=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Sets the process name
|
|
to prefix log lines sent to syslog or
|
|
the kernel log buffer with. If not set
|
|
defaults to the process name of the
|
|
executed process. This option is only
|
|
useful when
|
|
<varname>StandardOutput=</varname> or
|
|
<varname>StandardError=</varname> are
|
|
set to <option>syslog</option> or
|
|
<option>kmsg</option>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>SyslogFacility=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Sets the syslog
|
|
facility to use when logging to
|
|
syslog. One of <option>kern</option>,
|
|
<option>user</option>,
|
|
<option>mail</option>,
|
|
<option>daemon</option>,
|
|
<option>auth</option>,
|
|
<option>syslog</option>,
|
|
<option>lpr</option>,
|
|
<option>news</option>,
|
|
<option>uucp</option>,
|
|
<option>cron</option>,
|
|
<option>authpriv</option>,
|
|
<option>ftp</option>,
|
|
<option>local0</option>,
|
|
<option>local1</option>,
|
|
<option>local2</option>,
|
|
<option>local3</option>,
|
|
<option>local4</option>,
|
|
<option>local5</option>,
|
|
<option>local6</option> or
|
|
<option>local7</option>. See
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for details. This option is only
|
|
useful when
|
|
<varname>StandardOutput=</varname> or
|
|
<varname>StandardError=</varname> are
|
|
set to <option>syslog</option>.
|
|
Defaults to
|
|
<option>daemon</option>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>SyslogLevel=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Default syslog level
|
|
to use when logging to syslog or the
|
|
kernel log buffer. One of
|
|
<option>emerg</option>,
|
|
<option>alert</option>,
|
|
<option>crit</option>,
|
|
<option>err</option>,
|
|
<option>warning</option>,
|
|
<option>notice</option>,
|
|
<option>info</option>,
|
|
<option>debug</option>. See
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for details. This option is only
|
|
useful when
|
|
<varname>StandardOutput=</varname> or
|
|
<varname>StandardError=</varname> are
|
|
set to <option>syslog</option> or
|
|
<option>kmsg</option>. Note that
|
|
individual lines output by the daemon
|
|
might be prefixed with a different log
|
|
level which can be used to override
|
|
the default log level specified
|
|
here. The interpretation of these
|
|
prefixes may be disabled with
|
|
<varname>SyslogLevelPrefix=</varname>,
|
|
see below. For details see
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
|
|
|
|
Defaults to
|
|
<option>info</option>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>SyslogLevelPrefix=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean
|
|
argument. If true and
|
|
<varname>StandardOutput=</varname> or
|
|
<varname>StandardError=</varname> are
|
|
set to <option>syslog</option>,
|
|
<option>kmsg</option> or
|
|
<option>journal</option>, log lines
|
|
written by the executed process that
|
|
are prefixed with a log level will be
|
|
passed on to syslog with this log
|
|
level set but the prefix removed. If
|
|
set to false, the interpretation of
|
|
these prefixes is disabled and the
|
|
logged lines are passed on as-is. For
|
|
details about this prefixing see
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
|
|
Defaults to true.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>TimerSlackNSec=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Sets the timer slack
|
|
in nanoseconds for the executed
|
|
processes. The timer slack controls
|
|
the accuracy of wake-ups triggered by
|
|
timers. See
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>prctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for more information. Note that in
|
|
contrast to most other time span
|
|
definitions this parameter takes an
|
|
integer value in nano-seconds if no
|
|
unit is specified. The usual time
|
|
units are understood
|
|
too.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>LimitCPU=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>LimitFSIZE=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>LimitDATA=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>LimitSTACK=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>LimitCORE=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>LimitRSS=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>LimitNOFILE=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>LimitAS=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>LimitNPROC=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>LimitMEMLOCK=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>LimitLOCKS=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>LimitSIGPENDING=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>LimitMSGQUEUE=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>LimitNICE=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>LimitRTPRIO=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>LimitRTTIME=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>These settings control
|
|
various resource limits for executed
|
|
processes. See
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>setrlimit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for details. Use the string
|
|
<varname>infinity</varname> to
|
|
configure no limit on a specific
|
|
resource.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>PAMName=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Sets the PAM service
|
|
name to set up a session as. If set
|
|
the executed process will be
|
|
registered as a PAM session under the
|
|
specified service name. This is only
|
|
useful in conjunction with the
|
|
<varname>User=</varname> setting. If
|
|
not set no PAM session will be opened
|
|
for the executed processes. See
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for details.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>TCPWrapName=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>If this is a
|
|
socket-activated service this sets the
|
|
tcpwrap service name to check the
|
|
permission for the current connection
|
|
with. This is only useful in
|
|
conjunction with socket-activated
|
|
services, and stream sockets (TCP) in
|
|
particular. It has no effect on other
|
|
socket types (e.g. datagram/UDP) and
|
|
on processes unrelated to socket-based
|
|
activation. If the tcpwrap
|
|
verification fails daemon start-up
|
|
will fail and the connection is
|
|
terminated. See
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for details. Note that this option may
|
|
be used to do access control checks
|
|
only. Shell commands and commands
|
|
described in
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>hosts_options</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
are not supported.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>CapabilityBoundingSet=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Controls which
|
|
capabilities to include in the
|
|
capability bounding set for the
|
|
executed process. See
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for details. Takes a whitespace
|
|
separated list of capability names as
|
|
read by
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cap_from_name</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
e.g. <literal>CAP_SYS_ADMIN
|
|
CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE
|
|
CAP_SYS_PTRACE</literal>.
|
|
Capabilities listed will be included
|
|
in the bounding set, all others are
|
|
removed. If the list of capabilities
|
|
is prefixed with <literal>~</literal>
|
|
all but the listed capabilities will
|
|
be included, the effect of the
|
|
assignment inverted. Note that this
|
|
option also affects the respective
|
|
capabilities in the effective,
|
|
permitted and inheritable capability
|
|
sets, on top of what
|
|
<varname>Capabilities=</varname>
|
|
does. If this option is not used the
|
|
capability bounding set is not
|
|
modified on process execution, hence
|
|
no limits on the capabilities of the
|
|
process are enforced. This option may
|
|
appear more than once in which case
|
|
the bounding sets are merged. If the
|
|
empty string is assigned to this
|
|
option the bounding set is reset to
|
|
the empty capability set, and all
|
|
prior settings have no effect. If set
|
|
to <literal>~</literal> (without any
|
|
further argument) the bounding set is
|
|
reset to the full set of available
|
|
capabilities, also undoing any
|
|
previous settings.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>SecureBits=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Controls the secure
|
|
bits set for the executed process. See
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for details. Takes a list of strings:
|
|
<option>keep-caps</option>,
|
|
<option>keep-caps-locked</option>,
|
|
<option>no-setuid-fixup</option>,
|
|
<option>no-setuid-fixup-locked</option>,
|
|
<option>noroot</option> and/or
|
|
<option>noroot-locked</option>. This
|
|
option may appear more than once in
|
|
which case the secure bits are
|
|
ORed. If the empty string is assigned
|
|
to this option the bits are reset to
|
|
0.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>Capabilities=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Controls the
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
set for the executed process. Take a
|
|
capability string describing the
|
|
effective, permitted and inherited
|
|
capability sets as documented in
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cap_from_text</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
|
|
Note that these capability sets are
|
|
usually influenced by the capabilities
|
|
attached to the executed file. Due to
|
|
that
|
|
<varname>CapabilityBoundingSet=</varname>
|
|
is probably the much more useful
|
|
setting.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>ControlGroup=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Controls the control
|
|
groups the executed processes shall be
|
|
made members of. Takes a
|
|
space-separated list of cgroup
|
|
identifiers. A cgroup identifier is
|
|
formatted like
|
|
<filename>cpu:/foo/bar</filename>,
|
|
where "cpu" indicates the kernel
|
|
control group controller used, and
|
|
<filename>/foo/bar</filename> is the
|
|
control group path. The controller
|
|
name and ":" may be omitted in which
|
|
case the named systemd control group
|
|
hierarchy is implied. Alternatively,
|
|
the path and ":" may be omitted, in
|
|
which case the default control group
|
|
path for this unit is implied.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>This option may be used to place
|
|
executed processes in arbitrary groups
|
|
in arbitrary hierarchies -- which may
|
|
then be externally configured with
|
|
additional execution limits. By
|
|
default systemd will place all
|
|
executed processes in separate
|
|
per-unit control groups (named after
|
|
the unit) in the systemd named
|
|
hierarchy. This option is primarily
|
|
intended to place executed processes
|
|
in specific paths in specific kernel
|
|
controller hierarchies. It is not
|
|
recommended to manipulate the service
|
|
control group path in the private
|
|
systemd named hierarchy
|
|
(i.e. <literal>name=systemd</literal>),
|
|
and doing this might result in
|
|
undefined behaviour. For details about
|
|
control groups see <ulink
|
|
url="http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/cgroups.txt">cgroups.txt</ulink>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>This option may appear more than
|
|
once, in which case the list of
|
|
control group assignments is
|
|
merged. If the same hierarchy gets two
|
|
different paths assigned only the
|
|
later setting will take effect. If the
|
|
empty string is assigned to this
|
|
option the list of control group
|
|
assignments is reset, all previous
|
|
assignments will have no
|
|
effect.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Note that the list of control
|
|
group assignments of a unit is
|
|
extended implicitly based on the
|
|
settings of
|
|
<varname>DefaultControllers=</varname>
|
|
of
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
but a unit's
|
|
<varname>ControlGroup=</varname>
|
|
setting for a specific controller
|
|
takes precedence.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>ControlGroupModify=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean
|
|
argument. If true, the control groups
|
|
created for this unit will be owned by
|
|
the user specified with
|
|
<varname>User=</varname> (and the
|
|
appropriate group), and he/she can create
|
|
subgroups as well as add processes to
|
|
the group.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>ControlGroupPersistent=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean
|
|
argument. If true, the control groups
|
|
created for this unit will be marked
|
|
to be persistent, i.e. systemd will
|
|
not remove them when stopping the
|
|
unit. The default is false, meaning
|
|
that the control groups will be
|
|
removed when the unit is stopped. For
|
|
details about the semantics of this
|
|
logic see <ulink
|
|
url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PaxControlGroups">PaxControlGroups</ulink>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>ControlGroupAttribute=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Set a specific control
|
|
group attribute for executed
|
|
processes, and (if needed) add the
|
|
executed processes to a cgroup in the
|
|
hierarchy of the controller the
|
|
attribute belongs to. Takes two
|
|
space-separated arguments: the
|
|
attribute name (syntax is
|
|
<literal>cpu.shares</literal> where
|
|
<literal>cpu</literal> refers to a
|
|
specific controller and
|
|
<literal>shares</literal> to the
|
|
attribute name), and the attribute
|
|
value. Example:
|
|
<literal>ControlGroupAttribute=cpu.shares
|
|
512</literal>. If this option is used
|
|
for an attribute that belongs to a
|
|
kernel controller hierarchy the unit
|
|
is not already configured to be added
|
|
to (for example via the
|
|
<literal>ControlGroup=</literal>
|
|
option) then the unit will be added to
|
|
the controller and the default unit
|
|
cgroup path is implied. Thus, using
|
|
<varname>ControlGroupAttribute=</varname>
|
|
is in most cases sufficient to make
|
|
use of control group enforcements,
|
|
explicit
|
|
<varname>ControlGroup=</varname> are
|
|
only necessary in case the implied
|
|
default control group path for a
|
|
service is not desirable. For details
|
|
about control group attributes see
|
|
<ulink
|
|
url="http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/cgroups.txt">cgroups.txt</ulink>. This
|
|
option may appear more than once, in
|
|
order to set multiple control group
|
|
attributes. If this option is used
|
|
multiple times for the same cgroup
|
|
attribute only the later setting takes
|
|
effect. If the empty string is
|
|
assigned to this option the list of
|
|
attributes is reset, all previous
|
|
cgroup attribute settings have no
|
|
effect, including those done with
|
|
<varname>CPUShares=</varname>,
|
|
<varname>MemoryLimit=</varname>,
|
|
<varname>MemorySoftLimit</varname>,
|
|
<varname>DeviceAllow=</varname>,
|
|
<varname>DeviceDeny=</varname>,
|
|
<varname>BlockIOWeight=</varname>,
|
|
<varname>BlockIOReadBandwidth=</varname>,
|
|
<varname>BlockIOWriteBandwidth=</varname>.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>CPUShares=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Assign the specified
|
|
overall CPU time shares to the
|
|
processes executed. Takes an integer
|
|
value. This controls the
|
|
<literal>cpu.shares</literal> control
|
|
group attribute, which defaults to
|
|
1024. For details about this control
|
|
group attribute see <ulink
|
|
url="http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.txt">sched-design-CFS.txt</ulink>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>MemoryLimit=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>MemorySoftLimit=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Limit the overall memory usage
|
|
of the executed processes to a certain
|
|
size. Takes a memory size in bytes. If
|
|
the value is suffixed with K, M, G or
|
|
T the specified memory size is parsed
|
|
as Kilobytes, Megabytes, Gigabytes,
|
|
or Terabytes (to the base
|
|
1024), respectively. This controls the
|
|
<literal>memory.limit_in_bytes</literal>
|
|
and
|
|
<literal>memory.soft_limit_in_bytes</literal>
|
|
control group attributes. For details
|
|
about these control group attributes
|
|
see <ulink
|
|
url="http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/memory.txt">memory.txt</ulink>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>DeviceAllow=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>DeviceDeny=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Control access to
|
|
specific device nodes by the executed processes. Takes two
|
|
space separated strings: a device node
|
|
path (such as
|
|
<filename>/dev/null</filename>)
|
|
followed by a combination of r, w, m
|
|
to control reading, writing, or
|
|
creating of the specific device node
|
|
by the unit, respectively. This controls the
|
|
<literal>devices.allow</literal>
|
|
and
|
|
<literal>devices.deny</literal>
|
|
control group attributes. For details
|
|
about these control group attributes
|
|
see <ulink
|
|
url="http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/devices.txt">devices.txt</ulink>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>BlockIOWeight=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Set the default or
|
|
per-device overall block IO weight
|
|
value for the executed
|
|
processes. Takes either a single
|
|
weight value (between 10 and 1000) to
|
|
set the default block IO weight, or a
|
|
space separated pair of a file path
|
|
and a weight value to specify the
|
|
device specific weight value (Example:
|
|
"/dev/sda 500"). The file path may be
|
|
specified as path to a block device
|
|
node or as any other file in which
|
|
case the backing block device of the
|
|
file system of the file is
|
|
determined. This controls the
|
|
<literal>blkio.weight</literal> and
|
|
<literal>blkio.weight_device</literal>
|
|
control group attributes, which
|
|
default to 1000. Use this option
|
|
multiple times to set weights for
|
|
multiple devices. For details about
|
|
these control group attributes see
|
|
<ulink
|
|
url="http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/blkio-controller.txt">blkio-controller.txt</ulink>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>BlockIOReadBandwidth=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>BlockIOWriteBandwidth=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Set the per-device
|
|
overall block IO bandwidth limit for
|
|
the executed processes. Takes a space
|
|
separated pair of a file path and a
|
|
bandwidth value (in bytes per second)
|
|
to specify the device specific
|
|
bandwidth. The file path may be
|
|
specified as path to a block device
|
|
node or as any other file in which
|
|
case the backing block device of the
|
|
file system of the file is determined.
|
|
If the bandwidth is suffixed with K, M,
|
|
G, or T the specified bandwidth is
|
|
parsed as Kilobytes, Megabytes,
|
|
Gigabytes, or Terabytes, respectively (Example:
|
|
"/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.2-scsi-0:0:0:0
|
|
5M"). This controls the
|
|
<literal>blkio.read_bps_device</literal>
|
|
and
|
|
<literal>blkio.write_bps_device</literal>
|
|
control group attributes. Use this
|
|
option multiple times to set bandwidth
|
|
limits for multiple devices. For
|
|
details about these control group
|
|
attributes see <ulink
|
|
url="http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/blkio-controller.txt">blkio-controller.txt</ulink>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>ReadWriteDirectories=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>ReadOnlyDirectories=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>InaccessibleDirectories=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Sets up a new
|
|
file-system name space for executed
|
|
processes. These options may be used
|
|
to limit access a process might have
|
|
to the main file-system
|
|
hierarchy. Each setting takes a
|
|
space-separated list of absolute
|
|
directory paths. Directories listed in
|
|
<varname>ReadWriteDirectories=</varname>
|
|
are accessible from within the
|
|
namespace with the same access rights
|
|
as from outside. Directories listed in
|
|
<varname>ReadOnlyDirectories=</varname>
|
|
are accessible for reading only,
|
|
writing will be refused even if the
|
|
usual file access controls would
|
|
permit this. Directories listed in
|
|
<varname>InaccessibleDirectories=</varname>
|
|
will be made inaccessible for
|
|
processes inside the namespace. Note
|
|
that restricting access with these
|
|
options does not extend to submounts
|
|
of a directory. You must list
|
|
submounts separately in these settings
|
|
to ensure the same limited
|
|
access. These options may be specified
|
|
more than once in which case all
|
|
directories listed will have limited
|
|
access from within the namespace. If
|
|
the empty string is assigned to this
|
|
option the specific list is reset, and
|
|
all prior assignments have no
|
|
effect.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>PrivateTmp=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean
|
|
argument. If true sets up a new file
|
|
system namespace for the executed
|
|
processes and mounts private
|
|
<filename>/tmp</filename> and
|
|
<filename>/var/tmp</filename> directories
|
|
inside it, that are not shared by
|
|
processes outside of the
|
|
namespace. This is useful to secure
|
|
access to temporary files of the
|
|
process, but makes sharing between
|
|
processes via
|
|
<filename>/tmp</filename> or
|
|
<filename>/var/tmp</filename>
|
|
impossible. All temporary data created
|
|
by service will be removed after service
|
|
is stopped. Defaults to
|
|
false.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>PrivateNetwork=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean
|
|
argument. If true sets up a new
|
|
network namespace for the executed
|
|
processes and configures only the
|
|
loopback network device
|
|
<literal>lo</literal> inside it. No
|
|
other network devices will be
|
|
available to the executed process.
|
|
This is useful to securely turn off
|
|
network access by the executed
|
|
process. Defaults to
|
|
false.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>MountFlags=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a mount
|
|
propagation flag:
|
|
<option>shared</option>,
|
|
<option>slave</option> or
|
|
<option>private</option>, which
|
|
control whether the file system
|
|
namespace set up for this unit's
|
|
processes will receive or propagate
|
|
new mounts. See
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for details. Default to
|
|
<option>shared</option>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>UtmpIdentifier=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a four
|
|
character identifier string for an
|
|
utmp/wtmp entry for this service. This
|
|
should only be set for services such
|
|
as <command>getty</command>
|
|
implementations where utmp/wtmp
|
|
entries must be created and cleared
|
|
before and after execution. If the
|
|
configured string is longer than four
|
|
characters it is truncated and the
|
|
terminal four characters are
|
|
used. This setting interprets %I style
|
|
string replacements. This setting is
|
|
unset by default, i.e. no utmp/wtmp
|
|
entries are created or cleaned up for
|
|
this service.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>IgnoreSIGPIPE=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean
|
|
argument. If true causes SIGPIPE to be
|
|
ignored in the executed
|
|
process. Defaults to true, since
|
|
SIGPIPE generally is useful only in
|
|
shell pipelines.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>NoNewPrivileges=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean
|
|
argument. If true ensures that the
|
|
service process and all its children
|
|
can never gain new privileges. This
|
|
option is more powerful than the respective
|
|
secure bits flags (see above), as it
|
|
also prohibits UID changes of any
|
|
kind. This is the simplest, most
|
|
effective way to ensure that a process
|
|
and its children can never elevate
|
|
privileges again.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>SystemCallFilter=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a space
|
|
separated list of system call
|
|
names. If this setting is used all
|
|
system calls executed by the unit
|
|
process except for the listed ones
|
|
will result in immediate process
|
|
termination with the SIGSYS signal
|
|
(whitelisting). If the first character
|
|
of the list is <literal>~</literal>
|
|
the effect is inverted: only the
|
|
listed system calls will result in
|
|
immediate process termination
|
|
(blacklisting). If this option is used
|
|
<varname>NoNewPrivileges=yes</varname>
|
|
is implied. This feature makes use of
|
|
the Secure Computing Mode 2 interfaces
|
|
of the kernel ('seccomp filtering')
|
|
and is useful for enforcing a minimal
|
|
sandboxing environment. Note that the
|
|
<function>execve</function>,
|
|
<function>rt_sigreturn</function>,
|
|
<function>sigreturn</function>,
|
|
<function>exit_group</function>,
|
|
<function>exit</function> system calls
|
|
are implicitly whitelisted and don't
|
|
need to be listed explicitly. This
|
|
option may be specified more than once
|
|
in which case the filter masks are
|
|
merged. If the empty string is
|
|
assigned the filter is reset, all
|
|
prior assignments will have no
|
|
effect.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.swap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.directives</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|