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686 lines
38 KiB
XML
686 lines
38 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
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<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?>
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
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systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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Lesser General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
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along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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-->
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<refentry id="systemd.socket">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>systemd.socket</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
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<surname>Poettering</surname>
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<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>systemd.socket</refname>
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<refpurpose>Socket unit configuration</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<para><filename>systemd.socket</filename></para>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para>A unit configuration file whose name ends in
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<filename>.socket</filename> encodes information about
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an IPC or network socket or a file system FIFO
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controlled and supervised by systemd, for socket-based
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activation.</para>
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<para>This man page lists the configuration options
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specific to this unit type. See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for the common options of all unit configuration
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files. The common configuration items are configured
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in the generic [Unit] and [Install] sections. The
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socket specific configuration options are configured
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in the [Socket] section.</para>
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<para>Additional options are listed in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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which define the execution environment the
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<option>ExecStartPre=</option>,
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<option>ExecStartPost=</option>,
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<option>ExecStopPre=</option> and
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<option>ExecStoptPost=</option> commands are executed
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in, and in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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which define the way the processes are
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terminated.</para>
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<para>For each socket file a matching service file
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(see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details) must exist, describing the service to
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start on incoming traffic on the socket. Depending on
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the setting of <option>Accept=</option> (see below),
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this must either be named like the socket unit, but
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with the suffix replaced; or it must be a template
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file named the same way. Example: a socket file
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<filename>foo.socket</filename> needs a matching
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service <filename>foo.service</filename> if
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<option>Accept=false</option> is set. If
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<option>Accept=true</option> is set a service template
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file <filename>foo@.service</filename> must exist from
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which services are instantiated for each incoming
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connection.</para>
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<para>Unless <varname>DefaultDependencies=</varname>
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is set to <option>false</option>, socket units will
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implicitly have dependencies of type
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<varname>Requires=</varname> and
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<varname>After=</varname> on
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<filename>sysinit.target</filename> as well as
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dependencies of type <varname>Conflicts=</varname> and
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<varname>Before=</varname> on
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<filename>shutdown.target</filename>. These ensure
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that socket units pull in basic system
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initialization, and are terminated cleanly prior to
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system shutdown. Only sockets involved with early
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boot or late system shutdown should disable this
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option.</para>
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<para>Socket units may be used to implement on-demand
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starting of services, as well as parallelized starting
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of services.</para>
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<para>Note that the daemon software configured for
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socket activation with socket units needs to be able
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to accept sockets from systemd, either via systemd's
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native socket passing interface (see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_listen_fds</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details) or via the traditional
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>inetd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>-style
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socket passing (i.e. sockets passed in via STDIN and
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STDOUT, using <varname>StandardInput=socket</varname>
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in the service file).</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>Socket files must include a [Socket] section,
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which carries information about the socket or FIFO it
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supervises. A number of options that may be used in
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this section are shared with other unit types. These
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options are documented in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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and
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The
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options specific to the [Socket] section of socket
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units are the following:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ListenStream=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>ListenDatagram=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>ListenSequentialPacket=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Specifies an address
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to listen on for a stream
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(SOCK_STREAM), datagram (SOCK_DGRAM),
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or sequential packet
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(SOCK_SEQPACKET) socket, respectively. The address
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can be written in various formats:</para>
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<para>If the address starts with a
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slash (/), it is read as file system
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socket in the AF_UNIX socket
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family.</para>
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<para>If the address starts with an
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at symbol (@) it is read as abstract
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namespace socket in the AF_UNIX
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family. The @ is replaced with a NUL
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character before binding. For details
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see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>unix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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<para>If the address string is a
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single number it is read as port
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number to listen on via
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IPv6. Depending on the value of
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<varname>BindIPv6Only=</varname> (see below) this
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might result in the service being
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available via both IPv6 and IPv4 (default) or
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just via IPv6.
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</para>
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<para>If the address string is a
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string in the format v.w.x.y:z it is
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read as IPv4 specifier for listening
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on an address v.w.x.y on a port
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z.</para>
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<para>If the address string is a
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string in the format [x]:y it is read
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as IPv6 address x on a port y. Note
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that this might make the service
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available via IPv4, too, depending on
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the <varname>BindIPv6Only=</varname>
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setting (see below).
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</para>
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<para>Note that SOCK_SEQPACKET
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(i.e. <varname>ListenSequentialPacket=</varname>)
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is only available for AF_UNIX
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sockets. SOCK_STREAM
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(i.e. <varname>ListenStream=</varname>)
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when used for IP sockets refers to TCP
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sockets, SOCK_DGRAM
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(i.e. <varname>ListenDatagram=</varname>)
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to UDP.</para>
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<para>These options may be specified
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more than once in which case incoming
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traffic on any of the sockets will trigger
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service activation, and all listed
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sockets will be passed to the service,
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regardless whether there is incoming
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traffic on them or not.</para>
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<para>If an IP address is used here, it
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is often desirable to listen on it
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before the interface it is configured
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on is up and running, and even
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regardless whether it will be up and
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running ever at all. To deal with this it is
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recommended to set the
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<varname>FreeBind=</varname> option
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described below.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ListenFIFO=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Specifies a file
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system FIFO to listen on. This expects
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an absolute file system path as
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argument. Behavior otherwise is very
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similar to the
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<varname>ListenDatagram=</varname>
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directive above.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ListenSpecial=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Specifies a special
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file in the file system to listen
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on. This expects an absolute file
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system path as argument. Behavior
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otherwise is very similar to the
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<varname>ListenFIFO=</varname>
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directive above. Use this to open
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character device nodes as well as
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special files in
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<filename>/proc</filename> and
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<filename>/sys</filename>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ListenNetlink=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Specifies a Netlink
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family to create a socket for to
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listen on. This expects a short string
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referring to the AF_NETLINK family
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name (such as <varname>audit</varname>
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or <varname>kobject-uevent</varname>)
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as argument, optionally suffixed by a
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whitespace followed by a multicast
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group integer. Behavior otherwise is
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very similar to the
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<varname>ListenDatagram=</varname>
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directive above.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ListenMessageQueue=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Specifies a POSIX
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message queue name to listen on. This
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expects a valid message queue name
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(i.e. beginning with /). Behavior
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otherwise is very similar to the
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<varname>ListenFIFO=</varname>
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directive above. On Linux message
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queue descriptors are actually file
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descriptors and can be inherited
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between processes.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>BindIPv6Only=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes a one of
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<option>default</option>,
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<option>both</option> or
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<option>ipv6-only</option>. Controls
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the IPV6_V6ONLY socket option (see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ipv6</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details). If
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<option>both</option>, IPv6 sockets
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bound will be accessible via both IPv4
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and IPv6. If
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<option>ipv6-only</option>, they will
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be accessible via IPv6 only. If
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<option>default</option> (which is the
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default, surprise!) the system wide
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default setting is used, as controlled
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by
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<filename>/proc/sys/net/ipv6/bindv6only</filename>,
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which in turn defaults to the
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equivalent of
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<option>both</option>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Backlog=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes an unsigned
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integer argument. Specifies the number
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of connections to queue that have not
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been accepted yet. This setting
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matters only for stream and sequential
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packet sockets. See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>listen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details. Defaults to SOMAXCONN
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(128).</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>BindToDevice=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Specifies a network
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interface name to bind this socket
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to. If set traffic will only be
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accepted from the specified network
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interfaces. This controls the
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SO_BINDTODEVICE socket option (see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details). If this option is used,
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an automatic dependency from this
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socket unit on the network interface
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device unit
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(<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.device</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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is created.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>DirectoryMode=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>If listening on a file
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system socket or FIFO, the parent
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directories are automatically created
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if needed. This option specifies the
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file system access mode used when
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creating these directories. Takes an
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access mode in octal
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notation. Defaults to
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0755.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>SocketMode=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>If listening on a file
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system socket or FIFO, this option
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specifies the file system access mode
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used when creating the file
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node. Takes an access mode in octal
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notation. Defaults to
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0666.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Accept=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes a boolean
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argument. If true, a service instance
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is spawned for each incoming
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connection and only the connection
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socket is passed to it. If false, all
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listening sockets themselves are
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passed to the started service unit,
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and only one service unit is spawned
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for all connections (also see
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above). This value is ignored for
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datagram sockets and FIFOs where
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a single service unit unconditionally
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handles all incoming traffic. Defaults
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to <option>false</option>. For
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performance reasons, it is recommended
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to write new daemons only in a way
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that is suitable for
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<option>Accept=false</option>. This
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option is mostly useful to allow
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daemons designed for usage with
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>inetd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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to work unmodified with systemd socket
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activation.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>MaxConnections=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>The maximum number of
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connections to simultaneously run
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services instances for, when
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<option>Accept=true</option> is
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set. If more concurrent connections
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are coming in, they will be refused
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until at least one existing connection
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is terminated. This setting has no
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effect for sockets configured with
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<option>Accept=false</option> or datagram
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sockets. Defaults to
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64.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>KeepAlive=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes a boolean
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argument. If true, the TCP/IP stack
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will send a keep alive message after
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2h (depending on the configuration of
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<filename>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_time</filename>)
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for all TCP streams accepted on this
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socket. This controls the SO_KEEPALIVE
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socket option (see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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and the <ulink
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url="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/html_single/TCP-Keepalive-HOWTO/">TCP
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Keepalive HOWTO</ulink> for details.)
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Defaults to
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<option>false</option>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Priority=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes an integer
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argument controlling the priority for
|
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all traffic sent from this
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socket. This controls the SO_PRIORITY
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socket option (see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
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for details.).</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ReceiveBuffer=</varname></term>
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|
<term><varname>SendBuffer=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes an integer
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argument controlling the receive
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or send buffer sizes of this
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socket, respectively. This controls the SO_RCVBUF
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|
and SO_SNDBUF socket options (see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for details.).</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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|
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>IPTOS=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes an integer
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argument controlling the IP
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Type-Of-Service field for packets
|
|
generated from this socket. This
|
|
controls the IP_TOS socket option (see
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ip</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for details.). Either a numeric string
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|
or one of <option>low-delay</option>,
|
|
<option>throughput</option>,
|
|
<option>reliability</option> or
|
|
<option>low-cost</option> may be
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|
specified.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
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|
|
<varlistentry>
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|
<term><varname>IPTTL=</varname></term>
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|
<listitem><para>Takes an integer
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|
argument controlling the IPv4
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|
Time-To-Live/IPv6 Hop-Count field for
|
|
packets generated from this
|
|
socket. This sets the
|
|
IP_TTL/IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS socket
|
|
options (see
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ip</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
and
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ipv6</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for details.)</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
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|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>Mark=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes an integer
|
|
value. Controls the firewall mark of
|
|
packets generated by this socket. This
|
|
can be used in the firewall logic to
|
|
filter packets from this socket. This
|
|
sets the SO_MARK socket option. See
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>iptables</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for details.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
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|
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<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>SmackLabel=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>SmackLabelIPIn=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>SmackLabelIPOut=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a string
|
|
value. Controls the extended
|
|
attributes
|
|
<literal>security.SMACK64</literal>,
|
|
<literal>security.SMACK64IPIN</literal>
|
|
and
|
|
<literal>security.SMACK64IPOUT</literal>,
|
|
respectively, i.e. the security label
|
|
of the FIFO, or the security label for
|
|
the incoming or outgoing connections
|
|
of the socket, respectively. See
|
|
<ulink
|
|
url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/security/Smack.txt">Smack.txt</ulink>
|
|
for details.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>PipeSize=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes an integer
|
|
value. Controls the pipe buffer size
|
|
of FIFOs configured in this socket
|
|
unit. See
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fcntl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for details.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>MessageQueueMaxMessages=</varname>,
|
|
<varname>MessageQueueMessageSize=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>These two settings
|
|
take integer values and control the
|
|
mq_maxmsg field or the mq_msgsize field, respectively, when
|
|
creating the message queue. Note that
|
|
either none or both of these variables
|
|
need to be set. See
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mq_setattr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for details.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>FreeBind=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean
|
|
value. Controls whether the socket can
|
|
be bound to non-local IP
|
|
addresses. This is useful to configure
|
|
sockets listening on specific IP
|
|
addresses before those IP addresses
|
|
are successfully configured on a
|
|
network interface. This sets the
|
|
IP_FREEBIND socket option. For
|
|
robustness reasons it is recommended
|
|
to use this option whenever you bind a
|
|
socket to a specific IP
|
|
address. Defaults to <option>false</option>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>Transparent=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean
|
|
value. Controls the IP_TRANSPARENT
|
|
socket option. Defaults to
|
|
<option>false</option>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>Broadcast=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean
|
|
value. This controls the SO_BROADCAST
|
|
socket option, which allows broadcast
|
|
datagrams to be sent from this
|
|
socket. Defaults to
|
|
<option>false</option>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>PassCredentials=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean
|
|
value. This controls the SO_PASSCRED
|
|
socket option, which allows AF_UNIX sockets to
|
|
receive the credentials of the sending
|
|
process in an ancillary message.
|
|
Defaults to
|
|
<option>false</option>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>PassSecurity=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean
|
|
value. This controls the SO_PASSSEC
|
|
socket option, which allows AF_UNIX
|
|
sockets to receive the security
|
|
context of the sending process in an
|
|
ancillary message. Defaults to
|
|
<option>false</option>.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>TCPCongestion=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a string
|
|
value. Controls the TCP congestion
|
|
algorithm used by this socket. Should
|
|
be one of "westwood", "veno", "cubic",
|
|
"lp" or any other available algorithm
|
|
supported by the IP stack. This
|
|
setting applies only to stream
|
|
sockets.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>ExecStartPre=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>ExecStartPost=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes one or more
|
|
command lines, which are executed
|
|
before or after the listening
|
|
sockets/FIFOs are created and
|
|
bound, respectively. The first token of the command
|
|
line must be an absolute file name,
|
|
then followed by arguments for the
|
|
process. Multiple command lines may be
|
|
specified following the same scheme as
|
|
used for
|
|
<varname>ExecStartPre=</varname> of
|
|
service unit files.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>ExecStopPre=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>ExecStopPost=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Additional commands
|
|
that are executed before or after
|
|
the listening sockets/FIFOs are closed
|
|
and removed, respectively. Multiple command lines
|
|
may be specified following the same
|
|
scheme as used for
|
|
<varname>ExecStartPre=</varname> of
|
|
service unit files.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>TimeoutSec=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Configures the time to
|
|
wait for the commands specified in
|
|
<varname>ExecStartPre=</varname>,
|
|
<varname>ExecStartPost=</varname>,
|
|
<varname>ExecStopPre=</varname> and
|
|
<varname>ExecStopPost=</varname> to
|
|
finish. If a command does not exit
|
|
within the configured time, the socket
|
|
will be considered failed and be shut
|
|
down again. All commands still running,
|
|
will be terminated forcibly via
|
|
SIGTERM, and after another delay of
|
|
this time with SIGKILL. (See
|
|
<option>KillMode=</option> in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.)
|
|
Takes a unit-less value in seconds, or
|
|
a time span value such as "5min
|
|
20s". Pass 0 to disable the timeout
|
|
logic. Defaults to
|
|
90s.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>Service=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Specifies the service
|
|
unit name to activate on incoming
|
|
traffic. This defaults to the service
|
|
that bears the same name as the socket
|
|
(ignoring the different suffixes). In
|
|
most cases it should not be necessary
|
|
to use this option.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<para>Check
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
and
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for more settings.</para>
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|