mirror of
https://github.com/systemd/systemd.git
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aefdc1124f
As I noticed a lot of missing information when trying to implement checking
for missing info. I reimplemented the version information script to be more
robust, and here is the result.
Follow up to ec07c3c80b
501 lines
19 KiB
XML
501 lines
19 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later -->
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<refentry id="coredumpctl" conditional='ENABLE_COREDUMP'
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>coredumpctl</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>coredumpctl</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>coredumpctl</refname>
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<refpurpose>Retrieve and process saved core dumps and metadata</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>coredumpctl</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="req">COMMAND</arg>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">PID|COMM|EXE|MATCH</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><command>coredumpctl</command> is a tool that can be used to retrieve and process core
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dumps and metadata which were saved by
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-coredump</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Commands</title>
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<para>The following commands are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>list</command></term>
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<listitem><para>List core dumps captured in the journal
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matching specified characteristics. If no command is
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specified, this is the implied default.</para>
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<para>The output is designed to be human readable and contains a table with the following
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columns:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>TIME</term>
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<listitem><para>The timestamp of the crash, as reported by the kernel.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v233"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>PID</term>
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<listitem><para>The identifier of the process that crashed.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v233"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>UID</term>
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<term>GID</term>
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<listitem><para>The user and group identifiers of the process that crashed.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v233"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>SIGNAL</term>
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<listitem><para>The signal that caused the process to crash, when applicable.
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</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v233"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>COREFILE</term>
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<listitem><para>Information whether the coredump was stored, and whether
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it is still accessible: <literal>none</literal> means the core was
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not stored, <literal>-</literal> means that it was not available (for
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example because the process was not terminated by a signal),
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<literal>present</literal> means that the core file is accessible by the
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current user, <literal>journal</literal> means that the core was stored
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in the <literal>journal</literal>, <literal>truncated</literal> is the
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same as one of the previous two, but the core was too large and was not
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stored in its entirety, <literal>error</literal> means that the core file
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cannot be accessed, most likely because of insufficient permissions, and
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<literal>missing</literal> means that the core was stored in a file, but
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this file has since been removed.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v233"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>EXE</term>
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<listitem><para>The full path to the executable. For backtraces of scripts
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this is the name of the interpreter.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v233"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>It's worth noting that different restrictions apply to
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data saved in the journal and core dump files saved in
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<filename>/var/lib/systemd/coredump</filename>, see overview in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-coredump</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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Thus it may very well happen that a particular core dump is still listed
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in the journal while its corresponding core dump file has already been
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removed.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v215"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>info</command></term>
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<listitem><para>Show detailed information about the last core dump
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or core dumps matching specified characteristics
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captured in the journal.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v215"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>dump</command></term>
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<listitem><para>Extract the last core dump matching specified
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characteristics. The core dump will be written on standard
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output, unless an output file is specified with
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<option>--output=</option>. </para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v215"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>debug</command></term>
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<listitem><para>Invoke a debugger on the last core dump
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matching specified characteristics. By default,
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>gdb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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will be used. This may be changed using the <option>--debugger=</option>
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option or the <varname>$SYSTEMD_DEBUGGER</varname> environment
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variable. Use the <option>--debugger-arguments=</option> option to pass extra
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command line arguments to the debugger.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v239"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>The following options are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" />
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-pager" />
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-legend" />
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="json" />
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-1</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Show information of the most recent core dump only, instead of listing all known core
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dumps. Equivalent to <option>--reverse -n 1</option>.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v215"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-n</option> <replaceable>INT</replaceable></term>
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<listitem><para>Show at most the specified number of entries. The specified parameter must be an
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integer greater or equal to 1.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v248"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-S</option></term>
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<term><option>--since</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Only print entries which are since the specified date.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v233"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-U</option></term>
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<term><option>--until</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Only print entries which are until the specified date.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v233"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-r</option></term>
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<term><option>--reverse</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Reverse output so that the newest entries are displayed first.
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</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v233"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-F</option> <replaceable>FIELD</replaceable></term>
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<term><option>--field=</option><replaceable>FIELD</replaceable></term>
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<listitem><para>Print all possible data values the specified
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field takes in matching core dump entries of the
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journal.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v215"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-o</option> <replaceable>FILE</replaceable></term>
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<term><option>--output=</option><replaceable>FILE</replaceable></term>
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<listitem><para>Write the core to <option>FILE</option>.
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</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v215"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--debugger=</option><replaceable>DEBUGGER</replaceable></term>
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<listitem><para>Use the given debugger for the <command>debug</command>
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command. If not given and <varname>$SYSTEMD_DEBUGGER</varname> is unset, then
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>gdb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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will be used. </para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v239"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-A</option> <replaceable>ARGS</replaceable></term>
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<term><option>--debugger-arguments=</option><replaceable>ARGS</replaceable></term>
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<listitem><para>Pass the given <replaceable>ARGS</replaceable> as extra command line arguments
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to the debugger. Quote as appropriate when <replaceable>ARGS</replaceable> contain whitespace.
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(See Examples.)</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v248"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--file=<replaceable>GLOB</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes a file glob as an argument. If
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specified, coredumpctl will operate on the specified journal
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files matching <replaceable>GLOB</replaceable> instead of the
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default runtime and system journal paths. May be specified
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multiple times, in which case files will be suitably
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interleaved.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v246"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-D</option> <replaceable>DIR</replaceable></term>
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<term><option>--directory=</option><replaceable>DIR</replaceable></term>
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<listitem><para>Use the journal files in the specified <option>DIR</option>.
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</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v225"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--root=<replaceable>ROOT</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>Use root directory <option>ROOT</option> when searching for coredumps.
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</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v252"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--image=<replaceable>image</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes a path to a disk image file or block device node. If specified, all operations
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are applied to file system in the indicated disk image. This option is similar to
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<option>--root=</option>, but operates on file systems stored in disk images or block devices. The
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disk image should either contain just a file system or a set of file systems within a GPT partition
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table, following the <ulink url="https://uapi-group.org/specifications/specs/discoverable_partitions_specification">Discoverable Partitions
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Specification</ulink>. For further information on supported disk images, see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
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switch of the same name.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v252"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="image-policy-open" />
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-q</option></term>
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<term><option>--quiet</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Suppresses informational messages about lack
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of access to journal files and possible in-flight coredumps.
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</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v233"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--all</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Look at all available journal files in <filename>/var/log/journal/</filename>
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(excluding journal namespaces) instead of only local ones.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v250"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Matching</title>
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<para>A match can be:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><replaceable>PID</replaceable></term>
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<listitem><para>Process ID of the
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process that dumped
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core. An integer.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v215"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><replaceable>COMM</replaceable></term>
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<listitem><para>Name of the executable (matches
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<option>COREDUMP_COMM=</option>). Must not contain slashes.
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</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v215"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><replaceable>EXE</replaceable></term>
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<listitem><para>Path to the executable (matches
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<option>COREDUMP_EXE=</option>). Must contain at least one
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slash. </para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v215"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><replaceable>MATCH</replaceable></term>
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<listitem><para>General journalctl match filter, must contain an equals
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sign (<literal>=</literal>). See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v215"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Exit status</title>
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<para>On success, 0 is returned; otherwise, a non-zero failure
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code is returned. Not finding any matching core dumps is treated as
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failure.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Environment</title>
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<variablelist class='environment-variables'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>$SYSTEMD_DEBUGGER</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Use the given debugger for the <command>debug</command>
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command. See the <option>--debugger=</option> option.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v239"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Examples</title>
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<example>
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<title>List all the core dumps of a program</title>
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<programlisting>$ coredumpctl list /usr/lib64/firefox/firefox
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TIME PID UID GID SIG COREFILE EXE SIZE
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Tue … 8018 1000 1000 SIGSEGV missing /usr/lib64/firefox/firefox -
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Wed … 251609 1000 1000 SIGTRAP missing /usr/lib64/firefox/firefox -
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Fri … 552351 1000 1000 SIGSEGV present /usr/lib64/firefox/firefox 28.7M
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</programlisting>
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<para>The journal has three entries pertaining to <filename>/usr/lib64/firefox/firefox</filename>, and
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only the last entry still has an available core file (in external storage on disk).</para>
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<para>Note that <filename>coredumpctl</filename> needs access to the journal files to retrieve the
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relevant entries from the journal. Thus, an unprivileged user will normally only see information about
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crashing programs of this user.</para>
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</example>
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<example>
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<title>Invoke <command>gdb</command> on the last core dump</title>
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<programlisting>$ coredumpctl debug</programlisting>
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</example>
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<example>
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<title>Use <command>gdb</command> to display full register info from the last core dump</title>
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<programlisting>$ coredumpctl debug --debugger-arguments="-batch -ex 'info all-registers'"</programlisting>
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</example>
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<example>
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<title>Show information about a core dump matched by PID</title>
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<programlisting>$ coredumpctl info 6654
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PID: 6654 (bash)
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UID: 1000 (user)
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GID: 1000 (user)
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Signal: 11 (SEGV)
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Timestamp: Mon 2021-01-01 00:00:01 CET (20s ago)
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Command Line: bash -c $'kill -SEGV $$'
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Executable: /usr/bin/bash
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Control Group: /user.slice/user-1000.slice/…
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Unit: user@1000.service
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User Unit: vte-spawn-….scope
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Slice: user-1000.slice
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Owner UID: 1000 (user)
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Boot ID: …
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Machine ID: …
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Hostname: …
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Storage: /var/lib/systemd/coredump/core.bash.1000.….zst (present)
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Size on Disk: 51.7K
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Message: Process 130414 (bash) of user 1000 dumped core.
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Stack trace of thread 130414:
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#0 0x00007f398142358b kill (libc.so.6 + 0x3d58b)
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#1 0x0000558c2c7fda09 kill_builtin (bash + 0xb1a09)
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#2 0x0000558c2c79dc59 execute_builtin.lto_priv.0 (bash + 0x51c59)
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#3 0x0000558c2c79709c execute_simple_command (bash + 0x4b09c)
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#4 0x0000558c2c798408 execute_command_internal (bash + 0x4c408)
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#5 0x0000558c2c7f6bdc parse_and_execute (bash + 0xaabdc)
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#6 0x0000558c2c85415c run_one_command.isra.0 (bash + 0x10815c)
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#7 0x0000558c2c77d040 main (bash + 0x31040)
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#8 0x00007f398140db75 __libc_start_main (libc.so.6 + 0x27b75)
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#9 0x0000558c2c77dd1e _start (bash + 0x31d1e)
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</programlisting>
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</example>
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|
<example>
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<title>Extract the last core dump of /usr/bin/bar to a file named
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<filename index="false">bar.coredump</filename></title>
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<programlisting>$ coredumpctl -o bar.coredump dump /usr/bin/bar</programlisting>
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</example>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>See Also</title>
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<para>
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-coredump</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>coredump.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>gdb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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