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495 lines
20 KiB
XML
495 lines
20 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
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-->
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<refentry id="systemd-analyze"
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>systemd-analyze</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
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<surname>Poettering</surname>
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<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
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</author>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Harald</firstname>
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<surname>Hoyer</surname>
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<email>harald@redhat.com</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>systemd-analyze</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>systemd-analyze</refname>
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<refpurpose>Analyze and debug system manager</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg>time</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">blame</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">critical-chain</arg>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>UNIT</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">plot</arg>
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<arg choice="opt">> file.svg</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">dot</arg>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable></arg>
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<arg choice="opt">> file.dot</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">dump</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">cat-config</arg>
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<arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>NAME</replaceable>|<replaceable>PATH</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">unit-paths</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">log-level</arg>
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<arg choice="opt"><replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">log-target</arg>
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<arg choice="opt"><replaceable>TARGET</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">syscall-filter</arg>
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<arg choice="opt"><replaceable>SET</replaceable>…</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">verify</arg>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>FILES</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">calendar</arg>
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<arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>SPECS</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-analyze</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">service-watchdogs</arg>
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<arg choice="opt"><replaceable>BOOL</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze</command> may be used to determine
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system boot-up performance statistics and retrieve other state and
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tracing information from the system and service manager, and to
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verify the correctness of unit files. It is also used to access
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special functions useful for advanced system manager debugging.</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze time</command> prints the time
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spent in the kernel before userspace has been reached, the time
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spent in the initial RAM disk (initrd) before normal system
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userspace has been reached, and the time normal system userspace
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took to initialize. Note that these measurements simply measure
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the time passed up to the point where all system services have
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been spawned, but not necessarily until they fully finished
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initialization or the disk is idle.</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze blame</command> prints a list of
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all running units, ordered by the time they took to initialize.
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This information may be used to optimize boot-up times. Note that
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the output might be misleading as the initialization of one
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service might be slow simply because it waits for the
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initialization of another service to complete.
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Also note: <command>systemd-analyze blame</command> doesn't display
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results for services with <varname>Type=simple</varname>,
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because systemd considers such services to be started immediately,
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hence no measurement of the initialization delays can be done.</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze critical-chain
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[<replaceable>UNIT…</replaceable>]</command> prints a tree of
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the time-critical chain of units (for each of the specified
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<replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>s or for the default target
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otherwise). The time after the unit is active or started is
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printed after the "@" character. The time the unit takes to start
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is printed after the "+" character. Note that the output might be
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misleading as the initialization of one service might depend on
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socket activation and because of the parallel execution of
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units.</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze plot</command> prints an SVG
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graphic detailing which system services have been started at what
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time, highlighting the time they spent on initialization.</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze dot</command> generates textual
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dependency graph description in dot format for further processing
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with the GraphViz
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<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>dot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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tool. Use a command line like <command>systemd-analyze dot | dot
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-Tsvg > systemd.svg</command> to generate a graphical dependency
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tree. Unless <option>--order</option> or
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<option>--require</option> is passed, the generated graph will
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show both ordering and requirement dependencies. Optional pattern
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globbing style specifications (e.g. <filename>*.target</filename>)
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may be given at the end. A unit dependency is included in the
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graph if any of these patterns match either the origin or
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destination node.</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze dump</command> outputs a (usually
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very long) human-readable serialization of the complete server
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state. Its format is subject to change without notice and should
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not be parsed by applications.</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze cat-config</command> is similar
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to <command>systemctl cat</command>, but operates on config files.
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It will copy the contents of a config file and any drop-ins to standard
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output, using the usual systemd set of directories and rules for
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precedence. Each argument must be either an absolute path including
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the prefix (such as <filename>/etc/systemd/logind.conf</filename> or
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<filename>/usr/lib/systemd/logind.conf</filename>), or a name
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relative to the prefix (such as <filename>systemd/logind.conf</filename>).
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</para>
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<example>
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<title>Showing logind configuration</title>
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<programlisting>$ systemd-analyze cat-config systemd/logind.conf
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# /etc/systemd/logind.conf
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# This file is part of systemd.
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...
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[Login]
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NAutoVTs=8
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...
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# /usr/lib/systemd/logind.conf.d/20-test.conf
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... some override from another package
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# /etc/systemd/logind.conf.d/50-override.conf
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... some adminstrator override
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</programlisting>
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</example>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze unit-paths</command> outputs a list of all
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directories from which unit files, <filename>.d</filename> overrides, and
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<filename>.wants</filename>, <filename>.requires</filename> symlinks may be
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loaded. Combine with <option>--user</option> to retrieve the list for the user
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manager instance, and <option>--global</option> for the global configuration of
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user manager instances. Note that this verb prints the list that is compiled into
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<command>systemd-analyze</command> itself, and does not comunicate with the
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running manager. Use
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<programlisting>systemctl [--user] [--global] show -p UnitPath --value</programlisting>
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to retrieve the actual list that the manager uses, with any empty directories
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omitted.</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze log-level</command>
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prints the current log level of the <command>systemd</command> daemon.
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If an optional argument <replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable> is provided, then the command changes the current log
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level of the <command>systemd</command> daemon to <replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable> (accepts the same values as
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<option>--log-level=</option> described in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>).</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze log-target</command>
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prints the current log target of the <command>systemd</command> daemon.
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If an optional argument <replaceable>TARGET</replaceable> is provided, then the command changes the current log
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target of the <command>systemd</command> daemon to <replaceable>TARGET</replaceable> (accepts the same values as
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<option>--log-target=</option>, described in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>).</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze syscall-filter <optional><replaceable>SET</replaceable>…</optional></command>
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will list system calls contained in the specified system call set <replaceable>SET</replaceable>,
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or all known sets if no sets are specified. Argument <replaceable>SET</replaceable> must include
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the <literal>@</literal> prefix.</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze verify</command> will load unit files and print
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warnings if any errors are detected. Files specified on the command line will be
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loaded, but also any other units referenced by them. The full unit search path is
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formed by combining the directories for all command line arguments, and the usual unit
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load paths (variable <varname>$SYSTEMD_UNIT_PATH</varname> is supported, and may be
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used to replace or augment the compiled in set of unit load paths; see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>).
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All units files present in the directories containing the command line arguments will
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be used in preference to the other paths.</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze calendar</command> will parse and normalize repetitive calendar time events, and
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will calculate when they will elapse next. This takes the same input as the <varname>OnCalendar=</varname> setting
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in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, following the
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syntax described in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.time</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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<para><command>systemd-analyze service-watchdogs</command>
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prints the current state of service runtime watchdogs of the <command>systemd</command> daemon.
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If an optional boolean argument is provided, then globally enables or disables the service
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runtime watchdogs (<option>WatchdogSec=</option>) and emergency actions (e.g.
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<option>OnFailure=</option> or <option>StartLimitAction=</option>); see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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The hardware watchdog is not affected by this setting.</para>
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<para>If no command is passed, <command>systemd-analyze
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time</command> is implied.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>The following options are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--system</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Operates on the system systemd instance. This
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is the implied default.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--user</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Operates on the user systemd
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instance.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--global</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Operates on the system-wide configuration for
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user systemd instance.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--order</option></term>
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<term><option>--require</option></term>
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<listitem><para>When used in conjunction with the
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<command>dot</command> command (see above), selects which
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dependencies are shown in the dependency graph. If
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<option>--order</option> is passed, only dependencies of type
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<varname>After=</varname> or <varname>Before=</varname> are
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shown. If <option>--require</option> is passed, only
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dependencies of type <varname>Requires=</varname>,
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<varname>Requisite=</varname>,
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<varname>Wants=</varname> and <varname>Conflicts=</varname>
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are shown. If neither is passed, this shows dependencies of
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all these types.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--from-pattern=</option></term>
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<term><option>--to-pattern=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>When used in conjunction with the
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<command>dot</command> command (see above), this selects which
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relationships are shown in the dependency graph. Both options
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require a
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<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>glob</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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pattern as an argument, which will be matched against the
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left-hand and the right-hand, respectively, nodes of a
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relationship.</para>
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<para>Each of these can be used more than once, in which case
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the unit name must match one of the values. When tests for
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both sides of the relation are present, a relation must pass
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both tests to be shown. When patterns are also specified as
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positional arguments, they must match at least one side of the
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relation. In other words, patterns specified with those two
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options will trim the list of edges matched by the positional
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arguments, if any are given, and fully determine the list of
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edges shown otherwise.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--fuzz=</option><replaceable>timespan</replaceable></term>
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<listitem><para>When used in conjunction with the
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<command>critical-chain</command> command (see above), also
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show units, which finished <replaceable>timespan</replaceable>
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earlier, than the latest unit in the same level. The unit of
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<replaceable>timespan</replaceable> is seconds unless
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specified with a different unit, e.g.
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"50ms".</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--man=no</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Do not invoke man to verify the existence of
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man pages listed in <varname>Documentation=</varname>.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--generators</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Invoke unit generators, see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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Some generators require root privileges. Under a normal user, running with
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generators enabled will generally result in some warnings.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--root=<replaceable>PATH</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>With <command>cat-files</command>, show config files underneath
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the specified root path <replaceable>PATH</replaceable>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="host" />
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<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="machine" />
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" />
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-pager" />
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Exit status</title>
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<para>On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure code
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otherwise.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Examples for <command>dot</command></title>
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<example>
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<title>Plots all dependencies of any unit whose name starts with
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<literal>avahi-daemon</literal></title>
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<programlisting>$ systemd-analyze dot 'avahi-daemon.*' | dot -Tsvg > avahi.svg
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$ eog avahi.svg</programlisting>
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</example>
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<example>
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<title>Plots the dependencies between all known target units</title>
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<programlisting>$ systemd-analyze dot --to-pattern='*.target' --from-pattern='*.target' | dot -Tsvg > targets.svg
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$ eog targets.svg</programlisting>
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</example>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Examples for <command>verify</command></title>
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|
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<para>The following errors are currently detected:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>unknown sections and directives,
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>missing dependencies which are required to start
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the given unit,</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>man pages listed in
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<varname>Documentation=</varname> which are not found in the
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system,</para></listitem>
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|
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<listitem><para>commands listed in <varname>ExecStart=</varname>
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and similar which are not found in the system or not
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executable.</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<example>
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<title>Misspelt directives</title>
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<programlisting>$ cat ./user.slice
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[Unit]
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WhatIsThis=11
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Documentation=man:nosuchfile(1)
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Requires=different.service
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[Service]
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|
Description=x
|
|
|
|
$ systemd-analyze verify ./user.slice
|
|
[./user.slice:9] Unknown lvalue 'WhatIsThis' in section 'Unit'
|
|
[./user.slice:13] Unknown section 'Service'. Ignoring.
|
|
Error: org.freedesktop.systemd1.LoadFailed:
|
|
Unit different.service failed to load:
|
|
No such file or directory.
|
|
Failed to create user.slice/start: Invalid argument
|
|
user.slice: man nosuchfile(1) command failed with code 16
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
</example>
|
|
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>Missing service units</title>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>$ tail ./a.socket ./b.socket
|
|
==> ./a.socket <==
|
|
[Socket]
|
|
ListenStream=100
|
|
|
|
==> ./b.socket <==
|
|
[Socket]
|
|
ListenStream=100
|
|
Accept=yes
|
|
|
|
$ systemd-analyze verify ./a.socket ./b.socket
|
|
Service a.service not loaded, a.socket cannot be started.
|
|
Service b@0.service not loaded, b.socket cannot be started.
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
</example>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="less-variables.xml" />
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|