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ebc8968bc0
Since commit 9d06297, mount units from mountinfo are not bound to their devices
anymore (they use the "Requires" dependency instead).
This has the following drawback: if a media is mounted and the eject button is
pressed then the media is unconditionally ejected leaving some inconsistent
states.
Since udev is the component that is reacting (no matter if the device is used
or not) to the eject button, users expect that udev at least try to unmount the
media properly.
This patch introduces a new property "SYSTEMD_MOUNT_DEVICE_BOUND". When set on
a block device, all units that requires this device will see their "Requires"
dependency upgraded to a "BindTo" one. This is currently only used by cdrom
devices.
This patch also gives the possibility to the user to restore the previous
behavior that is bind a mount unit to a device. This is achieved by passing the
"x-systemd.device-bound" option to mount(8). Please note that currently this is
not working because libmount treats the x-* options has comments therefore
they're not available in utab for later application retrievals.
463 lines
22 KiB
XML
463 lines
22 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
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systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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Lesser General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
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along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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-->
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<refentry id="systemd.mount">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>systemd.mount</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
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<surname>Poettering</surname>
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<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>systemd.mount</refname>
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<refpurpose>Mount unit configuration</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<para><filename><replaceable>mount</replaceable>.mount</filename></para>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para>A unit configuration file whose name ends in
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<literal>.mount</literal> encodes information about a file system
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mount point controlled and supervised by systemd.</para>
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<para>This man page lists the configuration options specific to
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this unit type. See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for the common options of all unit configuration files. The common
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configuration items are configured in the generic [Unit] and
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[Install] sections. The mount specific configuration options are
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configured in the [Mount] section.</para>
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<para>Additional options are listed in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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which define the execution environment the
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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binary is executed in, and in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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which define the way the processes are terminated, and in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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which configure resource control settings for the processes of the
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service. Note that the User= and Group= options are not
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particularly useful for mount units specifying a
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<literal>Type=</literal> option or using configuration not
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specified in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>;
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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will refuse options that are not listed in
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<filename>/etc/fstab</filename> if it is not run as UID 0.</para>
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<para>Mount units must be named after the mount point directories they control. Example: the mount point <filename
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noindex='true'>/home/lennart</filename> must be configured in a unit file <filename>home-lennart.mount</filename>.
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For details about the escaping logic used to convert a file system path to a unit name, see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Note that mount
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units cannot be templated, nor is possible to add multiple names to a mount unit by creating additional symlinks to
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it.</para>
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<para>Optionally, a mount unit may be accompanied by an automount
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unit, to allow on-demand or parallelized mounting. See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.automount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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<para>Mount points created at runtime (independently of unit files
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or <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>) will be monitored by systemd
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and appear like any other mount unit in systemd. See
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<filename>/proc/self/mountinfo</filename> description in
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>proc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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</para>
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<para>Some file systems have special semantics as API file systems
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for kernel-to-userspace and userspace-to-userspace interfaces. Some
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of them may not be changed via mount units, and cannot be
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disabled. For a longer discussion see <ulink
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url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/APIFileSystems">API
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File Systems</ulink>.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Automatic Dependencies</title>
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<para>If a mount unit is beneath another mount unit in the file
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system hierarchy, both a requirement dependency and an ordering
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dependency between both units are created automatically.</para>
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<para>Block device backed file systems automatically gain
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<varname>BindsTo=</varname> and <varname>After=</varname> type
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dependencies on the device unit encapsulating the block
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device (see below).</para>
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<para>If traditional file system quota is enabled for a mount
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unit, automatic <varname>Wants=</varname> and
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<varname>Before=</varname> dependencies on
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<filename>systemd-quotacheck.service</filename> and
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<filename>quotaon.service</filename> are added.</para>
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<para>For mount units with <varname>DefaultDependencies=yes</varname> in the <literal>[Unit]</literal> section (the
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default) a couple additional dependencies are added. Mount units referring to local file systems automatically gain
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an <varname>After=</varname> dependency on <filename>local-fs-pre.target</filename>. Network mount units
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automatically acquire <varname>After=</varname> dependencies on <filename>remote-fs-pre.target</filename>,
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<filename>network.target</filename> and <filename>network-online.target</filename>. Towards the latter a
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<varname>Wants=</varname> unit is added as well. Mount units referring to local and network file systems are
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distinguished by their file system type specification. In some cases this is not sufficient (for example network
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block device based mounts, such as iSCSI), in which case <option>_netdev</option> may be added to the mount option
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string of the unit, which forces systemd to consider the mount unit a network mount. Mount units (regardless if
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local or network) also acquire automatic <varname>Before=</varname> and <varname>Conflicts=</varname> on
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<filename>umount.target</filename> in order to be stopped during shutdown.</para>
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<para>Additional implicit dependencies may be added as result of
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execution and resource control parameters as documented in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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and
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title><filename>fstab</filename></title>
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<para>Mount units may either be configured via unit files, or via
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<filename>/etc/fstab</filename> (see
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details). Mounts listed in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>
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will be converted into native units dynamically at boot and when
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the configuration of the system manager is reloaded. In general,
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configuring mount points through <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>
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is the preferred approach. See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details about the conversion.</para>
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<para>The NFS mount option <option>bg</option> for NFS background mounts
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as documented in <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>nfs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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is not supported in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> entries. The systemd mount option <option>nofail</option>
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provides similar functionality and should be used instead.</para>
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<para>When reading <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> a few special
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mount options are understood by systemd which influence how
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dependencies are created for mount points. systemd will create a
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dependency of type <varname>Wants=</varname> or
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<option>Requires</option> (see option <option>nofail</option>
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below), from either <filename>local-fs.target</filename> or
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<filename>remote-fs.target</filename>, depending whether the file
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system is local or remote.</para>
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<variablelist class='fstab-options'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>x-systemd.requires=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Configures a <varname>Requires=</varname> and
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an <varname>After=</varname> dependency between the created
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mount unit and another systemd unit, such as a device or mount
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unit. The argument should be a unit name, or an absolute path
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to a device node or mount point. This option may be specified
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more than once. This option is particularly useful for mount
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point declarations that need an additional device to be around
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(such as an external journal device for journal file systems)
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or an additional mount to be in place (such as an overlay file
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system that merges multiple mount points). See
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<varname>After=</varname> and <varname>Requires=</varname> in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>x-systemd.requires-mounts-for=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Configures a
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<varname>RequiresMountsFor=</varname> dependency between the
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created mount unit and other mount units. The argument must be
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an absolute path. This option may be specified more than once.
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See <varname>RequiresMountsFor=</varname> in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>x-systemd.device-bound</option></term>
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<listitem><para>The block device backed file system will be upgraded
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to <varname>BindsTo=</varname> dependency. This option is only useful
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when mounting file systems manually with
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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as the default dependency in this case is <varname>Requires=</varname>.
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This option is already implied by entries in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>
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or by mount units.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>x-systemd.automount</option></term>
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<listitem><para>An automount unit will be created for the file
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system. See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.automount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>x-systemd.idle-timeout=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Configures the idle timeout of the
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automount unit. See <varname>TimeoutIdleSec=</varname> in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.automount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>x-systemd.device-timeout=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Configure how long systemd should wait for a
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device to show up before giving up on an entry from
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<filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. Specify a time in seconds or
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explicitly append a unit such as <literal>s</literal>,
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<literal>min</literal>, <literal>h</literal>,
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<literal>ms</literal>.</para>
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<para>Note that this option can only be used in
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<filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, and will be
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ignored when part of the <varname>Options=</varname>
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setting in a unit file.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>x-systemd.mount-timeout=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Configure how long systemd should wait for the
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mount command to finish before giving up on an entry from
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<filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. Specify a time in seconds or
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explicitly append a unit such as <literal>s</literal>,
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<literal>min</literal>, <literal>h</literal>,
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<literal>ms</literal>.</para>
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<para>Note that this option can only be used in
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<filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, and will be
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ignored when part of the <varname>Options=</varname>
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setting in a unit file.</para>
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<para>See <varname>TimeoutSec=</varname> below for
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details.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>noauto</option></term>
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<term><option>auto</option></term>
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<listitem><para>With <option>noauto</option>, this mount will
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not be added as a dependency for
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<filename>local-fs.target</filename> or
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<filename>remote-fs.target</filename>. This means that it will
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not be mounted automatically during boot, unless it is pulled
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in by some other unit. The <option>auto</option> option has the
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opposite meaning and is the default.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>nofail</option></term>
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<listitem><para>With <option>nofail</option>, this mount will
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be only wanted, not required, by
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<filename>local-fs.target</filename> or
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<filename>remote-fs.target</filename>. This means that the
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boot will continue even if this mount point is not mounted
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successfully.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>x-initrd.mount</option></term>
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<listitem><para>An additional filesystem to be mounted in the
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initramfs. See <filename>initrd-fs.target</filename>
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description in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>If a mount point is configured in both
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<filename>/etc/fstab</filename> and a unit file that is stored
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below <filename>/usr</filename>, the former will take precedence.
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If the unit file is stored below <filename>/etc</filename>, it
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will take precedence. This means: native unit files take
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precedence over traditional configuration files, but this is
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superseded by the rule that configuration in
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<filename>/etc</filename> will always take precedence over
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configuration in <filename>/usr</filename>.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>Mount files must include a [Mount] section, which carries
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information about the file system mount points it supervises. A
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number of options that may be used in this section are shared with
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other unit types. These options are documented in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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and
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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The options specific to the [Mount] section of mount units are the
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following:</para>
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<variablelist class='unit-directives'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>What=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes an absolute path of a device node, file
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or other resource to mount. See
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details. If this refers to a device node, a dependency on
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the respective device unit is automatically created. (See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.device</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for more information.) This option is
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mandatory.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Where=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes an absolute path of a directory of the
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mount point. If the mount point does not exist at the time of
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mounting, it is created. This string must be reflected in the
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unit filename. (See above.) This option is
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mandatory.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Type=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes a string for the file system type. See
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details. This setting is optional.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Options=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Mount options to use when mounting. This takes
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a comma-separated list of options. This setting is
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optional.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>SloppyOptions=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. If true, parsing of
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the options specified in <varname>Options=</varname> is
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relaxed, and unknown mount options are tolerated. This
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corresponds with
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
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<parameter>-s</parameter> switch. Defaults to
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off.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>LazyUnmount=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. If true, detach the
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filesystem from the filesystem hierarchy at time of the unmount
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operation, and clean up all references to the filesystem as
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soon as they are not busy anymore.
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This corresponds with
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>umount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
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<parameter>-l</parameter> switch. Defaults to
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off.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ForceUnmount=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. If true, force an
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unmount (in case of an unreachable NFS system).
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This corresponds with
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>umount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
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<parameter>-f</parameter> switch. Defaults to
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off.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>DirectoryMode=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Directories of mount points (and any parent
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directories) are automatically created if needed. This option
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specifies the file system access mode used when creating these
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directories. Takes an access mode in octal notation. Defaults
|
|
to 0755.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>TimeoutSec=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Configures the time to wait for the mount
|
|
command to finish. If a command does not exit within the
|
|
configured time, the mount will be considered failed and be
|
|
shut down again. All commands still running will be terminated
|
|
forcibly via <constant>SIGTERM</constant>, and after another
|
|
delay of this time with <constant>SIGKILL</constant>. (See
|
|
<option>KillMode=</option> in
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.)
|
|
Takes a unit-less value in seconds, or a time span value such
|
|
as "5min 20s". Pass 0 to disable the timeout logic. The
|
|
default value is set from the manager configuration file's
|
|
<varname>DefaultTimeoutStartSec=</varname>
|
|
variable.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<para>Check
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
and
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for more settings.</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.device</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>proc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.directives</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|