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9cebb234b1
A new switch "-j" or "--json=" is added which transforms dbus marshalling into json. This is extremely useful in combination with tools such as "jq" to process bus calls further.
492 lines
21 KiB
XML
492 lines
21 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?>
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+
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-->
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<refentry id="busctl"
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>busctl</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>busctl</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>busctl</refname>
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<refpurpose>Introspect the bus</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>busctl</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="opt">COMMAND</arg>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>NAME</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><command>busctl</command> may be used to
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introspect and monitor the D-Bus bus.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>The following options are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--address=<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>Connect to the bus specified by
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<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable> instead of using suitable
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defaults for either the system or user bus (see
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<option>--system</option> and <option>--user</option>
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options).</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--show-machine</option></term>
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<listitem><para>When showing the list of peers, show a
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column containing the names of containers they belong to.
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See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-machined.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--unique</option></term>
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<listitem><para>When showing the list of peers, show only
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"unique" names (of the form
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<literal>:<replaceable>number</replaceable>.<replaceable>number</replaceable></literal>).
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--acquired</option></term>
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<listitem><para>The opposite of <option>--unique</option> —
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only "well-known" names will be shown.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--activatable</option></term>
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<listitem><para>When showing the list of peers, show only
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peers which have actually not been activated yet, but may be
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started automatically if accessed.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--match=<replaceable>MATCH</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>When showing messages being exchanged, show only the
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subset matching <replaceable>MATCH</replaceable>.
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See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_bus_add_match</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--size=</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>When used with the <command>capture</command> command,
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specifies the maximum bus message size to capture
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("snaplen"). Defaults to 4096 bytes.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--list</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>When used with the <command>tree</command> command, shows a
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flat list of object paths instead of a tree.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-q</option></term>
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<term><option>--quiet</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>When used with the <command>call</command> command,
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suppresses display of the response message payload. Note that even
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if this option is specified, errors returned will still be
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printed and the tool will indicate success or failure with
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the process exit code.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--verbose</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>When used with the <command>call</command> or
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<command>get-property</command> command, shows output in a
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more verbose format.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--json=</option><replaceable>MODE</replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>When used with the <command>call</command> or <command>get-property</command> command, shows output
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formatted as JSON. Expects one of <literal>short</literal> (for the shortest possible output without any
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redundant whitespace or line breaks) or <literal>pretty</literal> (for a pretty version of the same, with
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indentation and line breaks). Note that transformation from D-Bus marshalling to JSON is done in a loss-less
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way, which means type information is embedded into the JSON object tree.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-j</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Equivalent to <option>--json=pretty</option> when invoked interactively from a terminal. Otherwise
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equivalent to <option>--json=short</option>, in particular when the output is piped to some other
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program.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--expect-reply=</option><replaceable>BOOL</replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>When used with the <command>call</command> command,
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specifies whether <command>busctl</command> shall wait for
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completion of the method call, output the returned method
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response data, and return success or failure via the process
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exit code. If this is set to <literal>no</literal>, the
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method call will be issued but no response is expected, the
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tool terminates immediately, and thus no response can be
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shown, and no success or failure is returned via the exit
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code. To only suppress output of the reply message payload,
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use <option>--quiet</option> above. Defaults to
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<literal>yes</literal>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--auto-start=</option><replaceable>BOOL</replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>When used with the <command>call</command> command, specifies
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whether the method call should implicitly activate the
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called service, should it not be running yet but is
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configured to be auto-started. Defaults to
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<literal>yes</literal>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--allow-interactive-authorization=</option><replaceable>BOOL</replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>When used with the <command>call</command> command,
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specifies whether the services may enforce interactive
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authorization while executing the operation, if the security
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policy is configured for this. Defaults to
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<literal>yes</literal>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--timeout=</option><replaceable>SECS</replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>When used with the <command>call</command> command,
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specifies the maximum time to wait for method call
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completion. If no time unit is specified, assumes
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seconds. The usual other units are understood, too (ms, us,
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s, min, h, d, w, month, y). Note that this timeout does not
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apply if <option>--expect-reply=no</option> is used, as the
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tool does not wait for any reply message then. When not
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specified or when set to 0, the default of
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<literal>25s</literal> is assumed.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--augment-creds=</option><replaceable>BOOL</replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Controls whether credential data reported by
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<command>list</command> or <command>status</command> shall
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be augmented with data from
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<filename>/proc</filename>. When this is turned on, the data
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shown is possibly inconsistent, as the data read from
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<filename>/proc</filename> might be more recent than the rest of
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the credential information. Defaults to <literal>yes</literal>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--watch-bind=</option><replaceable>BOOL</replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Controls whether to wait for the specified <constant>AF_UNIX</constant> bus socket to appear in the
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file system before connecting to it. Defaults to off. When enabled, the tool will watch the file system until
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the socket is created and then connect to it.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="user" />
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<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="system" />
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<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="host" />
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<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="machine" />
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-pager" />
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-legend" />
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" />
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Commands</title>
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<para>The following commands are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>list</command></term>
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<listitem><para>Show all peers on the bus, by their service
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names. By default, shows both unique and well-known names, but
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this may be changed with the <option>--unique</option> and
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<option>--acquired</option> switches. This is the default
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operation if no command is specified.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>status</command> <arg choice="opt"><replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable></arg></term>
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<listitem><para>Show process information and credentials of a
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bus service (if one is specified by its unique or well-known
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name), a process (if one is specified by its numeric PID), or
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the owner of the bus (if no parameter is
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specified).</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>monitor</command> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable></arg></term>
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<listitem><para>Dump messages being exchanged. If
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<replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable> is specified, show messages
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to or from this peer, identified by its well-known or unique
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name. Otherwise, show all messages on the bus. Use Ctrl-C to
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terminate the dump.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>capture</command> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable></arg></term>
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<listitem><para>Similar to <command>monitor</command> but
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writes the output in pcap format (for details, see the <ulink
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url="https://wiki.wireshark.org/Development/LibpcapFileFormat">Libpcap
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File Format</ulink> description). Make sure to redirect
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standard output to a file. Tools like
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<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>wireshark</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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may be used to dissect and view the resulting
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files.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>tree</command> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable></arg></term>
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<listitem><para>Shows an object tree of one or more
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services. If <replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable> is specified,
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show object tree of the specified services only. Otherwise,
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show all object trees of all services on the bus that acquired
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at least one well-known name.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>introspect</command> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>OBJECT</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="opt"><replaceable>INTERFACE</replaceable></arg></term>
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<listitem><para>Show interfaces, methods, properties and
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signals of the specified object (identified by its path) on
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the specified service. If the interface argument is passed, the
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output is limited to members of the specified
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interface.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>call</command> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>OBJECT</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>INTERFACE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>METHOD</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="opt"><replaceable>SIGNATURE</replaceable> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>ARGUMENT</replaceable></arg></arg></term>
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<listitem><para>Invoke a method and show the response. Takes a
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service name, object path, interface name and method name. If
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parameters shall be passed to the method call, a signature
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string is required, followed by the arguments, individually
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formatted as strings. For details on the formatting used, see
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below. To suppress output of the returned data, use the
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<option>--quiet</option> option.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>get-property</command> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>OBJECT</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>INTERFACE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>PROPERTY</replaceable></arg></term>
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<listitem><para>Retrieve the current value of one or more
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object properties. Takes a service name, object path,
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interface name and property name. Multiple properties may be
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specified at once, in which case their values will be shown one
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after the other, separated by newlines. The output is, by
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default, in terse format. Use <option>--verbose</option> for a
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more elaborate output format.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>set-property</command> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>OBJECT</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>INTERFACE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>PROPERTY</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>SIGNATURE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>ARGUMENT</replaceable></arg></term>
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<listitem><para>Set the current value of an object
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property. Takes a service name, object path, interface name,
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property name, property signature, followed by a list of
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parameters formatted as strings.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><command>help</command></term>
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<listitem><para>Show command syntax help.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Parameter Formatting</title>
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<para>The <command>call</command> and
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<command>set-property</command> commands take a signature string
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followed by a list of parameters formatted as string (for details
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on D-Bus signature strings, see the <ulink
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url="http://dbus.freedesktop.org/doc/dbus-specification.html#type-system">Type
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system chapter of the D-Bus specification</ulink>). For simple
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types, each parameter following the signature should simply be the
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parameter's value formatted as string. Positive boolean values may
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be formatted as <literal>true</literal>, <literal>yes</literal>,
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<literal>on</literal>, or <literal>1</literal>; negative boolean
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values may be specified as <literal>false</literal>,
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<literal>no</literal>, <literal>off</literal>, or
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<literal>0</literal>. For arrays, a numeric argument for the
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number of entries followed by the entries shall be specified. For
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variants, the signature of the contents shall be specified,
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followed by the contents. For dictionaries and structs, the
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contents of them shall be directly specified.</para>
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<para>For example,
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<programlisting>s jawoll</programlisting> is the formatting
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of a single string <literal>jawoll</literal>.</para>
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<para>
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<programlisting>as 3 hello world foobar</programlisting>
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is the formatting of a string array with three entries,
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<literal>hello</literal>, <literal>world</literal> and
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<literal>foobar</literal>.</para>
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<para>
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<programlisting>a{sv} 3 One s Eins Two u 2 Yes b true</programlisting>
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is the formatting of a dictionary
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array that maps strings to variants, consisting of three
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entries. The string <literal>One</literal> is assigned the
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string <literal>Eins</literal>. The string
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<literal>Two</literal> is assigned the 32-bit unsigned
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integer 2. The string <literal>Yes</literal> is assigned a
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positive boolean.</para>
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<para>Note that the <command>call</command>,
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<command>get-property</command>, <command>introspect</command>
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commands will also generate output in this format for the returned
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data. Since this format is sometimes too terse to be easily
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understood, the <command>call</command> and
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<command>get-property</command> commands may generate a more
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verbose, multi-line output when passed the
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<option>--verbose</option> option.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Examples</title>
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<example>
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<title>Write and Read a Property</title>
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<para>The following two commands first write a property and then
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read it back. The property is found on the
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<literal>/org/freedesktop/systemd1</literal> object of the
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<literal>org.freedesktop.systemd1</literal> service. The name of
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the property is <literal>LogLevel</literal> on the
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<literal>org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager</literal>
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interface. The property contains a single string:</para>
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<programlisting># busctl set-property org.freedesktop.systemd1 /org/freedesktop/systemd1 org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager LogLevel s debug
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# busctl get-property org.freedesktop.systemd1 /org/freedesktop/systemd1 org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager LogLevel
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s "debug"</programlisting>
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</example>
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<example>
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<title>Terse and Verbose Output</title>
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<para>The following two commands read a property that contains
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an array of strings, and first show it in terse format, followed
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by verbose format:</para>
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<programlisting>$ busctl get-property org.freedesktop.systemd1 /org/freedesktop/systemd1 org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager Environment
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as 2 "LANG=en_US.UTF-8" "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin"
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$ busctl get-property --verbose org.freedesktop.systemd1 /org/freedesktop/systemd1 org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager Environment
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ARRAY "s" {
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STRING "LANG=en_US.UTF-8";
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STRING "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin";
|
|
};</programlisting>
|
|
</example>
|
|
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>Invoking a Method</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The following command invokes the
|
|
<literal>StartUnit</literal> method on the
|
|
<literal>org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager</literal>
|
|
interface of the
|
|
<literal>/org/freedesktop/systemd1</literal> object
|
|
of the <literal>org.freedesktop.systemd1</literal>
|
|
service, and passes it two strings
|
|
<literal>cups.service</literal> and
|
|
<literal>replace</literal>. As a result of the method
|
|
call, a single object path parameter is received and
|
|
shown:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting># busctl call org.freedesktop.systemd1 /org/freedesktop/systemd1 org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager StartUnit ss "cups.service" "replace"
|
|
o "/org/freedesktop/systemd1/job/42684"</programlisting>
|
|
</example>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<citerefentry project='dbus'><refentrytitle>dbus-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<ulink url="https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/dbus">D-Bus</ulink>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-bus</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>machinectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>wireshark</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
</refentry>
|