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472 lines
23 KiB
XML
472 lines
23 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ -->
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<refentry id="kernel-command-line">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>kernel-command-line</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>kernel-command-line</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>7</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>kernel-command-line</refname>
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<refpurpose>Kernel command line parameters</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<para><filename>/proc/cmdline</filename></para>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para>The kernel, the initial RAM disk (initrd) and basic userspace functionality may be configured at
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boot via kernel command line arguments. In addition, various systemd tools look at the EFI variable
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<literal>SystemdOptions</literal> (if available). Both sources are combined, but the kernel command line
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has higher priority. Please note that <emphasis>the EFI variable is only used by systemd tools, and is
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ignored by the kernel and other user space tools</emphasis>, so it is not a replacement for the kernel
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command line.</para>
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<para>For command line parameters understood by the kernel, please
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see
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<ulink url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.html"><filename>kernel-parameters.html</filename></ulink>
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and
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>bootparam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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<para>For command line parameters understood by the initial RAM
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disk, please see
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>dracut.cmdline</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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or the documentation of the specific initrd implementation of your
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installation.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Core OS Command Line Arguments</title>
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<variablelist class='kernel-commandline-options'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>systemd.unit=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>rd.systemd.unit=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>systemd.dump_core</varname></term>
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<term><varname>systemd.early_core_pattern=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>systemd.crash_chvt</varname></term>
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<term><varname>systemd.crash_shell</varname></term>
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<term><varname>systemd.crash_reboot</varname></term>
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<term><varname>systemd.confirm_spawn</varname></term>
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<term><varname>systemd.service_watchdogs</varname></term>
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<term><varname>systemd.show_status</varname></term>
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<term><varname>systemd.status_unit_format=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>systemd.log_target=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>systemd.log_level=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>systemd.log_location=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>systemd.log_color</varname></term>
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<term><varname>systemd.default_standard_output=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>systemd.default_standard_error=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>systemd.setenv=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>systemd.machine_id=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>systemd.unified_cgroup_hierarchy</varname></term>
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<term><varname>systemd.legacy_systemd_cgroup_controller</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Parameters understood by the system and service
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manager to control system behavior. For details, see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>systemd.mask=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>systemd.wants=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>systemd.debug_shell</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Additional parameters understood by
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-debug-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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to mask or start specific units at boot, or invoke a debug
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shell on tty9.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>systemd.run=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>systemd.run_success_action=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>systemd.run_failure_action=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Additional parameters understood by
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-run-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, to
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run a command line specified on the kernel command line as system service after booting up.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>systemd.early_core_pattern=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>During early boot, the generation of core dump files is disabled until a core dump handler (if any)
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takes over. This parameter allows specifying an absolute path where core dump files should be stored until
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a handler is installed. The path should be absolute and may contain specifiers, see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>core</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>systemd.restore_state=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>This parameter is understood by several system tools
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to control whether or not they should restore system state
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from the previous boot. For details, see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-backlight@.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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and
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-rfkill.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>systemd.volatile=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>This parameter controls whether the system shall boot up in volatile mode. Takes a boolean argument, or
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the special value <literal>state</literal>. If false (the default), normal boot mode is selected, the root
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directory and <filename>/var</filename> are mounted as specified on the kernel command line or
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<filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, or otherwise configured. If true, full state-less boot mode is selected. In
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this case the root directory is mounted as volatile memory file system (<literal>tmpfs</literal>), and only
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<filename>/usr</filename> is mounted from the file system configured as root device, in read-only mode. This
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enables fully state-less boots were the vendor-supplied OS is used as shipped, with only default
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configuration and no stored state in effect, as <filename>/etc</filename> and <filename>/var</filename> (as
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well as all other resources shipped in the root file system) are reset at boot and lost on shutdown. If this
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setting is set to <literal>state</literal> the root file system is mounted read-only, however
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<filename>/var</filename> is mounted as a volatile memory file system (<literal>tmpfs</literal>), so that the
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system boots up with the normal configuration applied, but all state reset at boot and lost at shutdown. If
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this setting is set to <literal>overlay</literal> the root file system is set up as
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<literal>overlayfs</literal> mount combining the read-only root directory with a writable
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<literal>tmpfs</literal>, so that no modifications are made to disk, but the file system may be modified
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nonetheless with all changes being lost at reboot. For details, see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-volatile-root.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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and
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>quiet</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Parameter understood by both the kernel and the system
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and service manager to control console log verbosity. For
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details, see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>debug</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Parameter understood by both the kernel and the system
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and service manager to control console log verbosity. For
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details, see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>-b</varname></term>
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<term><varname>rd.emergency</varname></term>
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<term><varname>emergency</varname></term>
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<term><varname>rd.rescue</varname></term>
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<term><varname>rescue</varname></term>
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<term><varname>single</varname></term>
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<term><varname>s</varname></term>
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<term><varname>S</varname></term>
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<term><varname>1</varname></term>
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<term><varname>2</varname></term>
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<term><varname>3</varname></term>
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<term><varname>4</varname></term>
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<term><varname>5</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Parameters understood by the system and service
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manager, as compatibility and convenience options. For details, see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>locale.LANG=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>locale.LANGUAGE=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>locale.LC_CTYPE=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>locale.LC_NUMERIC=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>locale.LC_TIME=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>locale.LC_COLLATE=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>locale.LC_MONETARY=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>locale.LC_MESSAGES=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>locale.LC_PAPER=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>locale.LC_NAME=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>locale.LC_ADDRESS=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>locale.LC_TELEPHONE=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>locale.LC_MEASUREMENT=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>locale.LC_IDENTIFICATION=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Parameters understood by the system and service
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manager to control locale and language settings. For
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details, see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>fsck.mode=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>fsck.repair=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Parameters understood by the file system checker
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services. For details, see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fsck@.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>quotacheck.mode=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Parameter understood by the file quota checker
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service. For details, see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-quotacheck.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>systemd.journald.forward_to_syslog=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>systemd.journald.forward_to_kmsg=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>systemd.journald.forward_to_console=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>systemd.journald.forward_to_wall=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Parameters understood by the journal service. For
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details, see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>vconsole.keymap=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>vconsole.keymap_toggle=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>vconsole.font=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>vconsole.font_map=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>vconsole.font_unimap=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Parameters understood by the virtual console setup logic. For details, see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vconsole.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>udev.log_priority=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>rd.udev.log_priority=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>udev.children_max=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>rd.udev.children_max=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>udev.exec_delay=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>rd.udev.exec_delay=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>udev.event_timeout=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>rd.udev.event_timeout=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>net.ifnames=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>net.naming-scheme=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Parameters understood by the device event managing
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daemon. For details, see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-udevd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>plymouth.enable=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>May be used to disable the Plymouth boot splash. For
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details, see
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<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>plymouth</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>luks=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>rd.luks=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>luks.crypttab=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>rd.luks.crypttab=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>luks.name=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>rd.luks.name=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>luks.uuid=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>rd.luks.uuid=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>luks.options=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>rd.luks.options=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>luks.key=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>rd.luks.key=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Configures the LUKS full-disk encryption logic at
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boot. For details, see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>fstab=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>rd.fstab=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Configures the <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> logic
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at boot. For details, see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>root=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>rootfstype=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>rootflags=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>ro</varname></term>
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<term><varname>rw</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Configures the root file system and its file system
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type and mount options, as well as whether it shall be
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mounted read-only or read-write initially. For details,
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see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>mount.usr=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>mount.usrfstype=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>mount.usrflags=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Configures the /usr file system (if required) and
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its file system type and mount options. For details, see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>roothash=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>systemd.verity=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>rd.systemd.verity=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>systemd.verity_root_data=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>systemd.verity_root_hash=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Configures the integrity protection root hash for the root file system, and other related
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parameters. For details, see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-veritysetup-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>systemd.gpt_auto=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>rd.systemd.gpt_auto=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Configures whether GPT based partition auto-discovery
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shall be attempted. For details, see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-gpt-auto-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>systemd.default_timeout_start_sec=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Overwrites the default start job timeout <varname>DefaultTimeoutStartSec=</varname> at boot. For details,
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see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>systemd.watchdog_device=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Overwrites the watchdog device path <varname>WatchdogDevice=</varname>. For details, see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>systemd.cpu_affinity=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Overrides the CPU affinity mask for the service manager and the default for all child
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processes it forks. This takes precedence over <varname>CPUAffinity=</varname>, see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for details.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>modules_load=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>rd.modules_load=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Load a specific kernel module early at boot. For
|
|
details, see
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-modules-load.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>resume=</varname></term>
|
|
<term><varname>resumeflags=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Enables resume from hibernation using the specified
|
|
device and mount options. All
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>-like
|
|
paths are supported. For details, see
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-hibernate-resume-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>systemd.firstboot=</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument, defaults to on. If off,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-firstboot.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
will not query the user for basic system settings, even if the system boots up for the first time and the
|
|
relevant settings are not initialized yet.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>bootparam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>dracut.cmdline</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-debug-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fsck@.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-quotacheck.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-vconsole-setup.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-udevd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>plymouth</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-veritysetup-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-gpt-auto-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-volatile-root.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-modules-load.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-backlight@.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-rfkill.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-hibernate-resume-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-firstboot.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>bootctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|