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729 lines
41 KiB
XML
729 lines
41 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
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<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?>
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
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systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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-->
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<refentry id="systemd.service">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>systemd.service</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
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<surname>Poettering</surname>
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<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>systemd.service</refname>
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<refpurpose>systemd service configuration files</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<para><filename>systemd.service</filename></para>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para>A unit configuration file whose name ends in
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<filename>.service</filename> encodes information
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about a process controlled and supervised by
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systemd.</para>
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<para>This man page lists the configuration options
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specific to this unit type. See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for the common options of all unit configuration
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files. The common configuration items are configured
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in the generic <literal>[Unit]</literal> and
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<literal>[Install]</literal> sections. The service
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specific configuration options are configured in the
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<literal>[Service]</literal> section.</para>
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<para>Additional options are listed in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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which define the execution environment the commands
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are executed in.</para>
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<para>Unless <varname>DefaultDependencies=</varname>
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is set to <option>false</option>, service units will
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implicitly have dependencies of type
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<varname>Requires=</varname> and
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<varname>After=</varname> on
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<filename>basic.target</filename> as well as
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dependencies of type <varname>Conflicts=</varname> and
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<varname>Before=</varname> on
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<filename>shutdown.target</filename>. These ensure
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that normal service units pull in basic system
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initialization, and are terminated cleanly prior to
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system shutdown. Only services involved with early
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boot or late system shutdown should disable this
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option.</para>
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<para>If a service is requested under a certain name
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but no unit configuration file is found, systemd looks
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for a SysV init script by the same name (with the
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<filename>.service</filename> suffix removed) and
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dynamically creates a service unit from that
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script. This is useful for compatibility with
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SysV.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>Service files must include a
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<literal>[Service]</literal> section, which carries
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information about the service and the process it
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supervises. A number of options that may be used in
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this section are shared with other unit types. These
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options are documented in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The
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options specific to the <literal>[Service]</literal>
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section of service units are the following:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Type=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Configures the process
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start-up type for this service
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unit. One of <option>simple</option>,
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<option>forking</option>,
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<option>oneshot</option>,
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<option>dbus</option>,
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<option>notify</option>.</para>
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<para>If set to
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<option>simple</option> (the default
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value) it is expected that the process
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configured with
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<varname>ExecStart=</varname> is the
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main process of the service. In this
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mode, if the process offers
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functionality to other processes on
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the system its communication channels
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should be installed before the daemon
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is started up (e.g. sockets set up by
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systemd, via socket activation), as
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systemd will immediately proceed
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starting follow-up units.</para>
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<para>If set to
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<option>forking</option> it is
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expected that the process configured
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with <varname>ExecStart=</varname>
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will call <function>fork()</function>
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as part of its start-up. The parent process is
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expected to exit when start-up is
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complete and all communication
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channels set up. The child continues
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to run as the main daemon
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process. This is the behaviour of
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traditional UNIX daemons. If this
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setting is used, it is recommended to
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also use the
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<varname>PIDFile=</varname> option, so
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that systemd can identify the main
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process of the daemon. systemd will
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proceed starting follow-up units as
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soon as the parent process
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exits.</para>
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<para>Behaviour of
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<option>oneshot</option> is similar
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to <option>simple</option>, however
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it is expected that the process has to
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exit before systemd starts follow-up
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units. <varname>RemainAfterExit=</varname>
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is particularly useful for this type
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of service.</para>
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<para>Behaviour of
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<option>dbus</option> is similar to
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<option>simple</option>, however it is
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expected that the daemon acquires a
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name on the D-Bus bus, as configured
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by
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<varname>BusName=</varname>. systemd
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will proceed starting follow-up units
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after the D-Bus bus name has been
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acquired. Service units with this
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option configured implicitly gain
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dependencies on the
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<filename>dbus.socket</filename>
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unit.</para>
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<para>Behaviour of
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<option>notify</option> is similar to
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<option>simple</option>, however it is
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expected that the daemon sends a
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notification message via
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_notify</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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or an equivalent call when it finished
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starting up. systemd will proceed
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starting follow-up units after this
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notification message has been sent. If
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this option is used
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<varname>NotifyAccess=</varname> (see
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below) should be set to open access to
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the notification socket provided by
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systemd. If
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<varname>NotifyAccess=</varname> is not
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set, it will implicitly be set to
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<option>main</option>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>RemainAfterExit=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes a boolean value
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that specifies whether the service
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shall be considered active even when
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all its processes exited. Defaults to
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<option>no</option>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>GuessMainPID=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes a boolean value
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that specifies whether systemd should
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try to guess the main PID of a service
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should if it cannot be determined
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reliably. This option is ignored
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unless <option>Type=forking</option>
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is set and <option>PIDFile=</option>
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is unset because for the other types
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or with an explicitly configured PID
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file the main PID is always known. The
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guessing algorithm might come to
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incorrect conclusions if a daemon
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consists of more than one process. If
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the main PID cannot be determined
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failure detection and automatic
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restarting of a service will not work
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reliably. Defaults to
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<option>yes</option>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>PIDFile=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes an absolute file
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name pointing to the PID file of this
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daemon. Use of this option is
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recommended for services where
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<varname>Type=</varname> is set to
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<option>forking</option>. systemd will
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read the PID of the main process of
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the daemon after start-up of the
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service. systemd will not write to the
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file configured here.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>BusName=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes a D-Bus bus
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name, where this service is reachable
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as. This option is mandatory for
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services where
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<varname>Type=</varname> is set to
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<option>dbus</option>, but its use
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is otherwise recommended as well if
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the process takes a name on the D-Bus
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bus.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ExecStart=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes a command line
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that is executed when this service
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shall be started up. The first token
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of the command line must be an
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absolute file name, then followed by
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arguments for the process. It is
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mandatory to set this option for all
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services. This option may not be
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specified more than once, except when
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<varname>Type=oneshot</varname> is
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used in which case more than one
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<varname>ExecStart=</varname> line is
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accepted which are then invoked one by
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one, sequentially in the order they
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appear in the unit file.</para>
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<para>Optionally, if the absolute file
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name is prefixed with
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<literal>@</literal>, the second token
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will be passed as
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<literal>argv[0]</literal> to the
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executed process, followed by the
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further arguments specified. If the
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first token is prefixed with
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<literal>-</literal> an exit code of
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the command normally considered a
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failure (i.e. non-zero exit status or
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abnormal exit due to signal) is ignored
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and considered success. If both
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<literal>-</literal> and
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<literal>@</literal> are used for the
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same command the former must precede
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the latter. Unless
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<varname>Type=forking</varname> is
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set, the process started via this
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command line will be considered the
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main process of the daemon. The
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command line accepts % specifiers as
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described in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. On
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top of that basic environment variable
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substitution is supported, where
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<literal>${FOO}</literal> is replaced
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by the string value of the environment
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variable of the same name. Also
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<literal>$FOO</literal> may appear as
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separate word on the command line in
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which case the variable is replaced by
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its value split at whitespaces. Note
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that the first argument (i.e. the
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binary to execute) may not be a
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variable, and must be a literal and
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absolute path name.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ExecStartPre=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>ExecStartPost=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Additional commands
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that are executed before (resp. after)
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the command in
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<varname>ExecStart=</varname>. Multiple
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command lines may be concatenated in a
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single directive, by separating them
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by semicolons (these semicolons must
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be passed as separate words). In that
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case, the commands are executed one
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after the other,
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serially. Alternatively, these
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directives may be specified more than
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once with the same effect. However,
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the latter syntax is not recommended
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for compatibility with parsers
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suitable for XDG
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<filename>.desktop</filename> files.
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Use of these settings is
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optional. Specifier and environment
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variable substitution is
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supported.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ExecReload=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Commands to execute to
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trigger a configuration reload in the
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service. This argument takes multiple
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command lines, following the same
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scheme as pointed out for
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<varname>ExecStartPre=</varname>
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above. Use of this setting is
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optional. Specifier and environment
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variable substitution is supported
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here following the same scheme as for
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<varname>ExecStart=</varname>. One
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special environment variable is set:
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if known <literal>$MAINPID</literal> is
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set to the main process of the
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daemon, and may be used for command
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lines like the following:
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<command>/bin/kill -HUP
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$MAINPID</command>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ExecStop=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Commands to execute to
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stop the service started via
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<varname>ExecStart=</varname>. This
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argument takes multiple command lines,
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following the same scheme as pointed
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out for
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<varname>ExecStartPre=</varname>
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above. Use of this setting is
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optional. All processes remaining for
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a service after the commands
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configured in this option are run are
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terminated according to the
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<varname>KillMode=</varname> setting
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(see below). If this option is not
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specified the process is terminated
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right-away when service stop is
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requested. Specifier and environment
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variable substitution is supported
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(including
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<literal>$MAINPID</literal>, see
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above).</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ExecStopPost=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Additional commands
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that are executed after the service
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was stopped using the commands
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configured in
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<varname>ExecStop=</varname>. This
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argument takes multiple command lines,
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following the same scheme as pointed
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out for
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<varname>ExecStartPre</varname>. Use
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of these settings is
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optional. Specifier and environment
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variable substitution is
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supported.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>RestartSec=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Configures the time to
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sleep before restarting a service (as
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configured with
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<varname>Restart=</varname>). Takes a
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unit-less value in seconds, or a time
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span value such as "5min
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20s". Defaults to
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100ms.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>TimeoutSec=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Configures the time to
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wait for start-up and stop. If a
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daemon service does not signal
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start-up completion within the
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configured time the service will be
|
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considered failed and be shut down
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again. If a service is asked to stop
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but does not terminate in the
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specified time it will be terminated
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forcibly via SIGTERM, and after
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another delay of this time with
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SIGKILL. (See
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<varname>KillMode=</varname>
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below.) Takes a unit-less value in seconds, or a
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time span value such as "5min
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20s". Pass 0 to disable the timeout
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|
logic. Defaults to
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90s.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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|
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Restart=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Configures whether the
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main service process shall be
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restarted when it exits. Takes one of
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<option>no</option>,
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<option>on-success</option>,
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|
<option>on-failure</option>,
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<option>on-abort</option> or
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<option>always</option>. If set to
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<option>no</option> (the default) the
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service will not be restarted when it
|
|
exits. If set to
|
|
<option>on-success</option> it will be
|
|
restarted only when it exited cleanly,
|
|
i.e. terminated with an exit code of
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0. If set to
|
|
<option>on-failure</option> it will be
|
|
restarted only when it exited with an
|
|
exit code not equalling 0, or when
|
|
terminated by a signal. If set to
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|
<option>on-abort</option> it will be
|
|
restarted only if it exits due to
|
|
reception of an uncaught signal. If
|
|
set to <option>always</option> the
|
|
service will be restarted regardless
|
|
whether it exited cleanly or not, or
|
|
got terminated abnormally by a
|
|
signal.</para></listitem>
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|
</varlistentry>
|
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|
|
<varlistentry>
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|
<term><varname>PermissionsStartOnly=</varname></term>
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|
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean
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argument. If true, the permission
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|
related execution options as
|
|
configured with
|
|
<varname>User=</varname> and similar
|
|
options (see
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for more information) are only applied
|
|
to the process started with
|
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<varname>ExecStart=</varname>, and not
|
|
to the various other
|
|
<varname>ExecStartPre=</varname>,
|
|
<varname>ExecStartPost=</varname>,
|
|
<varname>ExecReload=</varname>,
|
|
<varname>ExecStop=</varname>,
|
|
<varname>ExecStopPost=</varname>
|
|
commands. If false, the setting is
|
|
applied to all configured commands the
|
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same way. Defaults to
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false.</para></listitem>
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|
</varlistentry>
|
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|
|
<varlistentry>
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|
<term><varname>RootDirectoryStartOnly=</varname></term>
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|
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean
|
|
argument. If true, the root directory
|
|
as configured with the
|
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<varname>RootDirectory=</varname>
|
|
option (see
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for more information) is only applied
|
|
to the process started with
|
|
<varname>ExecStart=</varname>, and not
|
|
to the various other
|
|
<varname>ExecStartPre=</varname>,
|
|
<varname>ExecStartPost=</varname>,
|
|
<varname>ExecReload=</varname>,
|
|
<varname>ExecStop=</varname>,
|
|
<varname>ExecStopPost=</varname>
|
|
commands. If false, the setting is
|
|
applied to all configured commands the
|
|
same way. Defaults to
|
|
false.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>SysVStartPriority=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Set the SysV start
|
|
priority to use to order this service
|
|
in relation to SysV services lacking
|
|
LSB headers. This option is only
|
|
necessary to fix ordering in relation
|
|
to legacy SysV services, that have no
|
|
ordering information encoded in the
|
|
script headers. As such it should only
|
|
be used as temporary compatibility
|
|
option, and not be used in new unit
|
|
files. Almost always it is a better
|
|
choice to add explicit ordering
|
|
directives via
|
|
<varname>After=</varname> or
|
|
<varname>Before=</varname>,
|
|
instead. For more details see
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. If
|
|
used, pass an integer value in the
|
|
range 0-99.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>KillMode=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Specifies how
|
|
processes of this service shall be
|
|
killed. One of
|
|
<option>control-group</option>,
|
|
<option>process</option>,
|
|
<option>none</option>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If set to
|
|
<option>control-group</option> all
|
|
remaining processes in the control
|
|
group of this service will be
|
|
terminated on service stop, after the
|
|
stop command (as configured with
|
|
<varname>ExecStop=</varname>) is
|
|
executed. If set to
|
|
<option>process</option> only the main
|
|
process itself is killed. If set to
|
|
<option>none</option> no process is
|
|
killed. In this case only the stop
|
|
command will be executed on service
|
|
stop, but no process be killed
|
|
otherwise. Processes remaining alive
|
|
after stop are left in their control
|
|
group and the control group continues
|
|
to exist after stop unless it is
|
|
empty. Defaults to
|
|
<option>control-group</option>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Processes will first be
|
|
terminated via SIGTERM (unless the
|
|
signal to send is changed via
|
|
<varname>KillSignal=</varname>). If
|
|
then after a delay (configured via the
|
|
<varname>TimeoutSec=</varname> option)
|
|
processes still remain, the
|
|
termination request is repeated with
|
|
the SIGKILL signal (unless this is
|
|
disabled via the
|
|
<varname>SendSIGKILL=</varname>
|
|
option). See
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for more
|
|
information.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>KillSignal=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Specifies which signal
|
|
to use when killing a
|
|
service. Defaults to SIGTERM.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>SendSIGKILL=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Specifies whether to
|
|
send SIGKILL to remaining processes
|
|
after a timeout, if the normal
|
|
shutdown procedure left processes of
|
|
the service around. Takes a boolean
|
|
value. Defaults to "yes".
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>NonBlocking=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Set O_NONBLOCK flag
|
|
for all file descriptors passed via
|
|
socket-based activation. If true, all
|
|
file descriptors >= 3 (i.e. all except
|
|
STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR) will have
|
|
the O_NONBLOCK flag set and hence are in
|
|
non-blocking mode. This option is only
|
|
useful in conjunction with a socket
|
|
unit, as described in
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Defaults
|
|
to false.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>NotifyAccess=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Controls access to the
|
|
service status notification socket, as
|
|
accessible via the
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_notify</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
call. Takes one of
|
|
<option>none</option> (the default),
|
|
<option>main</option> or
|
|
<option>all</option>. If
|
|
<option>none</option> no daemon status
|
|
updates are accepted from the service
|
|
processes, all status update messages
|
|
are ignored. If <option>main</option>
|
|
only service updates sent from the
|
|
main process of the service are
|
|
accepted. If <option>all</option> all
|
|
services updates from all members of
|
|
the service's control group are
|
|
accepted. This option must be set to
|
|
open access to the notification socket
|
|
when using
|
|
<varname>Type=notify</varname> (see above).</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>Sockets=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Specifies the name of
|
|
the socket units this service shall
|
|
inherit the sockets from when the
|
|
service (ignoring the different suffix
|
|
of course) is started. Normally it
|
|
should not be necessary to use this
|
|
setting as all sockets whose unit
|
|
shares the same name as the service
|
|
are passed to the spawned
|
|
process.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Note that the same socket may be
|
|
passed to multiple processes at the
|
|
same time. Also note that a different
|
|
service may be activated on incoming
|
|
traffic than inherits the sockets. Or
|
|
in other words: The
|
|
<varname>Service=</varname> setting of
|
|
<filename>.socket</filename> units
|
|
doesn't have to match the inverse of the
|
|
<varname>Sockets=</varname> setting of
|
|
the <filename>.service</filename> it
|
|
refers to.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><varname>FsckPassNo=</varname></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>Set the fsck passno
|
|
priority to use to order this service
|
|
in relation to other file system
|
|
checking services. This option is only
|
|
necessary to fix ordering in relation
|
|
to fsck jobs automatically created for
|
|
all <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>
|
|
entries with a value in the fs_passno
|
|
column > 0. As such it should only be
|
|
used as option for fsck
|
|
services. Almost always it is a better
|
|
choice to add explicit ordering
|
|
directives via
|
|
<varname>After=</varname> or
|
|
<varname>Before=</varname>,
|
|
instead. For more details see
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. If
|
|
used, pass an integer value in the
|
|
same range as
|
|
<filename>/etc/fstab</filename>'s
|
|
fs_passno column. See
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
for details.</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|