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681eb9cf2b
In particular, use /lib/systemd instead of /usr/lib/systemd in distributions like Debian which still have not adopted a /usr merge setup. Use XML entities from man/custom-entities.ent to replace configured paths while doing XSLT processing of the original XML files. There was precedent of some files (such as systemd.generator.xml) which were already using this approach. This addresses most of the (manual) fixes from this patch: http://anonscm.debian.org/cgit/pkg-systemd/systemd.git/tree/debian/patches/Fix-paths-in-man-pages.patch?h=experimental-220 The idea of using generic XML entities was presented here: http://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/systemd-devel/2015-May/032240.html This patch solves almost all the issues, with the exception of: - Path to /bin/mount and /bin/umount. - Generic statements about preference of /lib over /etc. These will be handled separately by follow up patches. Tested: - With default configure settings, ran "make install" to two separate directories and compared the output to confirm they matched exactly. - Used a set of configure flags including $CONFFLAGS from Debian: http://anonscm.debian.org/cgit/pkg-systemd/systemd.git/tree/debian/rules Installed the tree and confirmed the paths use /lib/systemd instead of /usr/lib/systemd and that no other unexpected differences exist. - Confirmed that `make distcheck` still passes.
227 lines
8.2 KiB
XML
227 lines
8.2 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0"?>
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<!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % entities SYSTEM "custom-entities.ent" >
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%entities;
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]>
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<!--
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2014 Lennart Poettering
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systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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Lesser General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
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along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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-->
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<refentry id="sysusers.d"
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>sysusers.d</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
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<surname>Poettering</surname>
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<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>sysusers.d</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>sysusers.d</refname>
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<refpurpose>Declarative allocation of system users and groups</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<para><filename>/usr/lib/sysusers.d/*.conf</filename></para>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><command>systemd-sysusers</command> uses the files from
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<filename>sysusers.d</filename> directory to create system users
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and groups at package installation or boot time. This tool may be
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used to allocate system users and groups only, it is not useful
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for creating non-system users and groups, as it accesses
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<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and
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<filename>/etc/group</filename> directly, bypassing any more
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complex user databases, for example any database involving NIS or
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LDAP.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Configuration Format</title>
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<para>Each configuration file shall be named in the style of
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<filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>.conf</filename> or
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<filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>-<replaceable>part</replaceable>.conf</filename>.
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The second variant should be used when it is desirable to make it
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easy to override just this part of configuration.</para>
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<para>The file format is one line per user or group containing
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name, ID, GECOS field description and home directory:</para>
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<programlisting># Type Name ID GECOS
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u httpd 440 "HTTP User"
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u authd /usr/bin/authd "Authorization user"
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g input - -
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m authd input
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u root 0 "Superuser" /root</programlisting>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Type</title>
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<para>The type consists of a single letter. The following line
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types are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>u</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a system user and group of the
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specified name should they not exist yet. The user's primary
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group will be set to the group bearing the same name. The
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user's shell will be set to
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<filename>/sbin/nologin</filename>, the home directory to
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the specified home directory, or <filename>/</filename> if
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none is given. The account will be created disabled, so that
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logins are not allowed.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>g</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a system group of the specified name
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should it not exist yet. Note that <varname>u</varname>
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implicitly create a matching group. The group will be
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created with no password set.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>m</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Add a user to a group. If the user or group
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are not existing yet, they will be implicitly
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created.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>r</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Add a range of numeric UIDs/GIDs to the pool
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to allocate new UIDs and GIDs from. If no line of this type
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is specified the range of UIDs/GIDs is set to some
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compiled-in default. Note that both UIDs and GIDs are
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allocated from the same pool, in order to ensure that users
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and groups of the same name are likely to carry the same
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numeric UID and GID.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Name</title>
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<para>The name field specifies the user or group name. It should
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be shorter than 31 characters and avoid any non-ASCII
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characters, and not begin with a numeric character. It is
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strongly recommended to pick user and group names that are
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unlikely to clash with normal users created by the
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administrator. A good scheme to guarantee this is by prefixing
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all system and group names with the underscore, and avoiding too
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generic names.</para>
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<para>For <varname>m</varname> lines this field should contain
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the user name to add to a group.</para>
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<para>For lines of type <varname>r</varname> this field should
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be set to <literal>-</literal>.</para>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>ID</title>
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<para>For <varname>u</varname> and <varname>g</varname> the
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numeric 32bit UID or GID of the user/group. Do not use IDs 65535
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or 4294967295, as they have special placeholder meanings.
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Specify <literal>-</literal> for automatic UID/GID allocation
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for the user or group. Alternatively, specify an absolute path
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in the file system. In this case the UID/GID is read from the
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path's owner/group. This is useful to create users whose UID/GID
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match the owners of pre-existing files (such as SUID or SGID
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binaries).</para>
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<para>For <varname>m</varname> lines this field should contain
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the group name to add to a user to.</para>
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<para>For lines of type <varname>r</varname> this field should
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be set to a UID/GID range in the format
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<literal>FROM-TO</literal> where both values are formatted as
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decimal ASCII numbers. Alternatively, a single UID/GID may be
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specified formatted as decimal ASCII numbers.</para>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>GECOS</title>
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<para>A short, descriptive string for users to be created,
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enclosed in quotation marks. Note that this field may not
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contain colons.</para>
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<para>Only applies to lines of type <varname>u</varname> and
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should otherwise be left unset, or be set to
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<literal>-</literal>.</para>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Home Directory</title>
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<para>The home directory for a new system user. If omitted
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defaults to the root directory. It is recommended to not
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unnecessarily specify home directories for system users, unless
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software strictly requires one to be set.</para>
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<para>Only applies to lines of type <varname>u</varname> and
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should otherwise be left unset, or be set to
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<literal>-</literal>.</para>
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</refsect2>
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</refsect1>
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<xi:include href="standard-conf.xml" xpointer="confd" />
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<refsect1>
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<title>Idempotence</title>
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<para>Note that <command>systemd-sysusers</command> will do
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nothing if the specified users or groups already exist, so
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normally there no reason to override
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<filename>sysusers.d</filename> vendor configuration, except to
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block certain users or groups from being created.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>See Also</title>
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<para>
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-sysusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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