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466 lines
25 KiB
XML
466 lines
25 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0"?>
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<!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2010 Brandon Philips
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systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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Lesser General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
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along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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-->
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<refentry id="tmpfiles.d">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>tmpfiles.d</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Documentation</contrib>
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<firstname>Brandon</firstname>
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<surname>Philips</surname>
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<email>brandon@ifup.org</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>tmpfiles.d</refname>
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<refpurpose>Configuration for creation, deletion and
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cleaning of volatile and temporary files</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<para><filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename></para>
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<para><filename>/run/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename></para>
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<para><filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename></para>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> uses the
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configuration files from the above directories to describe the
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creation, cleaning and removal of volatile and
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temporary files and directories which usually reside
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in directories such as <filename>/run</filename>
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or <filename>/tmp</filename>.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Configuration Format</title>
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<para>Each configuration file shall be named in the
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style of
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<filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>.conf</filename>
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or
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<filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>-<replaceable>part</replaceable>.conf</filename>.
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The second variant should be used when it is desirable
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to make it easy to override just this part of
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configuration.</para>
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<para>Files in <filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d</filename>
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override files with the same name in
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<filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename> and
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<filename>/run/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Files in
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<filename>/run/tmpfiles.d</filename> override files
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with the same name in
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<filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Packages
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should install their configuration files in
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<filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Files in
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<filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d</filename> are reserved for
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the local administrator, who may use this logic to
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override the configuration files installed by vendor
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packages. All configuration files are sorted by their
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filename in lexicographic order, regardless of which
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of the directories they reside in. If multiple files
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specify the same path, the entry in the file with the
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lexicographically earliest name will be applied, all
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all other conflicting entries logged as errors.</para>
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<para>If the administrator wants to disable a
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configuration file supplied by the vendor, the
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recommended way is to place a symlink to
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<filename>/dev/null</filename> in
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<filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d/</filename> bearing the
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same filename.</para>
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<para>The configuration format is one line per path
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containing type, path, mode, ownership, age, and argument
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fields:</para>
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<programlisting>#Type Path Mode UID GID Age Argument
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d /run/user 0755 root root 10d -
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L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/null</programlisting>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Type</title>
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<para>The type consists of a single letter and
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optionally an exclamation mark.</para>
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<para>The following line types are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>f</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a file if it does not exist yet. If the argument parameter is given, it will be written to the file.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>F</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create or truncate a file. If the argument parameter is given, it will be written to the file.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>w</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Write the argument parameter to a file, if the file exists.
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Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal path
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names. The argument parameter will be written without a trailing
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newline. C-style backslash escapes are interpreted.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>d</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a directory if it does not exist yet.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>D</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create or empty a directory.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>p</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a named pipe (FIFO) if it does not exist yet.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>L</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a symlink if it does not exist yet.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>c</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a character device node if it does not exist yet.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>b</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a block device node if it does not exist yet.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>m</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>If the
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specified file path exists,
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adjust its access mode, group
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and user to the specified
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values and reset the SELinux
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security context. If it does not exist, do
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nothing.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>x</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Ignore a path
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during cleaning. Use this type
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to exclude paths from clean-up
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as controlled with the Age
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parameter. Note that lines of
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this type do not influence the
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effect of <varname>r</varname>
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or <varname>R</varname> lines.
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Lines of this type accept
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shell-style globs in place of
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normal path names.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>X</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Ignore a path
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during cleaning. Use this type
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to exclude paths from clean-up
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as controlled with the Age
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parameter. Unlike
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<varname>x</varname>, this
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parameter will not exclude the
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content if path is a
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directory, but only directory
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itself. Note that lines of
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this type do not influence the
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effect of <varname>r</varname>
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or <varname>R</varname> lines.
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Lines of this type accept
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shell-style globs in place of
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normal path names.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>r</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Remove a file
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or directory if it exists.
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This may not be used to remove
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non-empty directories, use
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<varname>R</varname> for that.
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Lines of this type accept
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shell-style globs in place of
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normal path
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names.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>R</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Recursively
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remove a path and all its
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subdirectories (if it is a
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directory). Lines of this type
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accept shell-style globs in
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place of normal path
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names.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>z</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Restore
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SELinux security context
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and set ownership and access
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mode of a file or directory if
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it exists. Lines of this type
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accept shell-style globs in
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place of normal path names.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Z</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Recursively
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restore SELinux security
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context and set
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ownership and access mode of a
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path and all its
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subdirectories (if it is a
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directory). Lines of this type
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accept shell-style globs in
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place of normal path
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names.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>If the exclamation mark is used, this
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line is only safe of execute during boot, and
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can break a running system. Lines without the
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exclamation mark are presumed to be safe to
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execute at any time, e.g. on package upgrades.
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<command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> will
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execute line with an exclamation mark only if
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option <option>--boot</option> is given.
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</para>
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<para>For example:
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<programlisting># Make sure these are created by default so that nobody else can
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d /tmp/.X11-unix 1777 root root 10d
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# Unlink the X11 lock files
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r! /tmp/.X[0-9]*-lock</programlisting>
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The second line in contrast to the first one
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would break a running system, and will only be
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executed with <option>--boot</option>.</para>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Path</title>
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<para>The file system path specification supports simple specifier
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expansion. The following expansions are
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understood:</para>
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<table>
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<title>Specifiers available</title>
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<tgroup cols='3' align='left' colsep='1' rowsep='1'>
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<colspec colname="spec" />
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<colspec colname="mean" />
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<colspec colname="detail" />
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<thead>
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<row>
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<entry>Specifier</entry>
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<entry>Meaning</entry>
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<entry>Details</entry>
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</row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>%m</literal></entry>
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<entry>Machine ID</entry>
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<entry>The machine ID of the running system, formatted as string. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information.</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>%b</literal></entry>
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<entry>Boot ID</entry>
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<entry>The boot ID of the running system, formatted as string. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>random</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information.</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>%H</literal></entry>
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<entry>Host name</entry>
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<entry>The hostname of the running system.</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>%v</literal></entry>
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<entry>Kernel release</entry>
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<entry>Identical to <command>uname -r</command> output.</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>%%</literal></entry>
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<entry>Escaped %</entry>
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<entry>Single percent sign.</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</table>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Mode</title>
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<para>The file access mode to use when
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creating this file or directory. If omitted or
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when set to -, the default is used: 0755 for
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directories, 0644 for all other file objects.
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For <varname>z</varname>, <varname>Z</varname>
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lines, if omitted or when set to
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<literal>-</literal>, the file access mode
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will not be modified. This parameter is
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ignored for <varname>x</varname>,
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<varname>r</varname>, <varname>R</varname>,
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<varname>L</varname> lines.</para>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>UID, GID</title>
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<para>The user and group to use for this file
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or directory. This may either be a numeric
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user/group ID or a user or group name. If
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omitted or when set to <literal>-</literal>,
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the default 0 (root) is used. For
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<varname>z</varname>, <varname>Z</varname>
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lines, when omitted or when set to -, the file
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ownership will not be modified. These
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parameters are ignored for
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<varname>x</varname>, <varname>r</varname>,
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<varname>R</varname>, <varname>L</varname>
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lines.</para>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Age</title>
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<para>The date field, when set, is used to
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decide what files to delete when cleaning. If
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a file or directory is older than the current
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time minus the age field, it is deleted. The
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field format is a series of integers each
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followed by one of the following
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postfixes for the respective time units:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>s</varname></term>
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<term><varname>min</varname></term>
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<term><varname>h</varname></term>
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<term><varname>d</varname></term>
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<term><varname>w</varname></term>
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<term><varname>ms</varname></term>
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<term><varname>m</varname></term>
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<term><varname>us</varname></term></varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>If multiple integers and units are specified, the time
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values are summed up. If an integer is given without a unit,
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s is assumed.
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</para>
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<para>When the age is set to zero, the files are cleaned
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unconditionally.</para>
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<para>The age field only applies to lines
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starting with <varname>d</varname>,
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<varname>D</varname>, and
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<varname>x</varname>. If omitted or set to
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<literal>-</literal>, no automatic clean-up is
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done.</para>
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<para>If the age field starts with a tilde
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character <literal>~</literal>, the clean-up
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is only applied to files and directories one
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level inside the directory specified, but not
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the files and directories immediately inside
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it.</para>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Argument</title>
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<para>For <varname>L</varname> lines
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determines the destination path of the
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symlink. For <varname>c</varname>,
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<varname>b</varname> determines the
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major/minor of the device node, with major and
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minor formatted as integers, separated by
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<literal>:</literal>, e.g.
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<literal>1:3</literal>. For
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<varname>f</varname>, <varname>F</varname>,
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and <varname>w</varname> may be used to
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specify a short string that is written to the
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file, suffixed by a newline. Ignored for all
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other lines.</para>
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</refsect2>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Example</title>
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<example>
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<title>/etc/tmpfiles.d/screen.conf example</title>
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<para><command>screen</command> needs two directories created at boot with specific modes and ownership.</para>
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<programlisting>d /var/run/screens 1777 root root 10d
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d /var/run/uscreens 0755 root root 10d12h</programlisting>
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</example>
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<example>
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<title>/etc/tmpfiles.d/abrt.conf example</title>
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<para><command>abrt</command> needs a directory created at boot with specific mode and ownership and its content should be preserved.</para>
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<programlisting>d /var/tmp/abrt 0755 abrt abrt
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x /var/tmp/abrt/*</programlisting>
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</example>
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</refsect1>
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|
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<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
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<para>
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-tmpfiles</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-delta</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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